Aktivno starenje u Beogradu:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Sociološko udruženje Srbije i Crne Gore
2016
|
| Ausgabe: | Prvo izdanje |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Englische Zusammenfassung |
| Beschreibung: | 272 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9788664270168 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176389316804608 |
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| adam_text | Sadrzaj
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Izjava zahvalnosti
Predgovor
1. Uvod
2. Metodologija istrazivanja
2.1 Metod zivotnih prica i dubinski intervju - koriscenje
u istrazivanjima populacije starijih
2.2 Istrazivanje aktivnog starenja u Beogradu
3. Teorije o aktivnom, produktivnom i uspesnom starenju
3.1 Aktivno i uspesno starenje
3.2 Aktivno, autenticno starenje
3.3 Produktivno starenje
4. Kritike uspesnog, produktivnog starenja
5. Demografija starenja u svetu
5.1 Projekcije demografskih promena u Evropi i svetu
5.1.1 Projekcije demografskih promena u S AD
5.1.2 Hong Kong
5.1.3 Kanada
5.1.4 Japan
5. 1.5 Ceska
5.1.6 Francuska
5.1.7 Spanija
5.1.8 Ex Jugoslavija
6. Demografija starenja u Srbiji i Beogradu i penzioni sistem
7. Radni angazman starijih
Aktivno starenje u Beogradu
8 I
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67
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101
105
105
110
115
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127
135
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141
147
151
155
163
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255
261
8. Istrazivanja produktivnih i reproduktivnih aktivnosti starijih
9. Volontiranje (formalno i neformalno) starijih osoba
i istrazivanja efekata volontiranja
10. Aktivnosti starijih u slobodno vreme
11. Socijalne mreze starijih
12. Porodica porekla ispitanika: kratke informacije
0 socioekonomskom statusu, porodicnim vrednostima,
roditeljskom braku i novoformiranim porodicama
12.1 Struktura novoformiranih porodica ispitanika
13. Odnos izmedu starijih roditelja i odrasle dece:
istrazivanja bliskosti, solidárnoste nege
14. Razvod roditelja i promene u odnosu roditelj-dete
15. Partnerske (bracne) relacije, aktivno starenje
1 mentalno zdravlje starijih
15.1 Partnerstvo i satisfakcija
15.2 Partnerstvo i usamljenost
15.3 Partnerstvo i mentalni poremecaji
16. Seksualnost u starijem dobu
17. Znacaj fizickih aktivnosti za aktivno starenje i zdravlje
18. Morbiditet u populaciji starijih: somatski i mentalni poremecaji
19. Anti-age medicina
19.1 Prihvatanje anti-age medicine od zena
19.2 Medikalizacija seksualnosti starijih
20. Savremena tehnologija ¿iji je cilj lakse starenje
21. Religioznost i duhovnost u aktivnom starenju
22. Institucionalna podrska aktivnom starenju u Sjedinjenim
Americkim Drzavama
23. Institucionalna podrska aktivnom starenju (aktivnom
zivljenju) u Srbiji i Beogradu
24. Znacenje aktivnog starenja: zajednicka prica
25. Zakljucna razmatranja
Prilog - Zivotne price ispitanica i ispitanika
Summary
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Summary
The goal of this qualitative study was to get to know how a (certain)
number of elderly people in Belgradefs broad area) organizes their lives
after being officially retired. The criteria of SZO that accentuate good
physical health and independence, as well as productive participation/in-
volvement in social activities, i.e., a positive contribution to society, un-
der the active aging (WHO, 2002) have been partly endorsed. However,
it remains clear that not all the elderly can fulfill these criteria for an ac-
tive aging. The will to maintain independence and wide range of activi-
ties, as well as the ability to participate in social life, is possible but not
necessarily easy. Financial situation of elderly in Serbia is certainly one
of the largest obstacles and indeed all of our respondents have their own
income and are financially independent. However, one of the aims of this
study is also to highlight the forms of „active aging” that many of our re-
spondents exemplify and that are nonetheless independent from financial
factors, such that it may precisely encourage those who lack the will. All
of the respondents have their own income and are financially independ-
ent, while the health factor varies among them. Productive activities „in
a narrow sense” (work and formal volunteering) are present among some
of the subjects but not all, while the nurturing and upbringing of others
(children, grandchildren, old parents) is present in a much larger number.
That is why the study takes into account another relevant aspect, in-
torudcing a term authentic aging, that designates a less socially determined
or imposed form of active aging. Authentic aging presupposes self-accept-
ance which leads to acceptance of aging. The concept of Authentic active
aging offers a rethinking of the model, promoting an equal opportunity to
all individuals to live their retirement age in their own way, which is why
contemporary models include balanced aging, resilient aging and harmoni-
256
Active aging in Belgrade
ous aging, whereby the latter is the most suitable in this case. Authenticity
and harmoniousness amongst our respondents imply a need, wish, willing-
ness and abilities to engage in different types of activities, be it mental,
physical or social.
The majority of the respondents have fulfilled one of the most de-
manding criteria, i.e., work engagement, bearing in mind they have con-
tinued working after retirement. Their working engagement was for the
small percentage still in the company they have already been associated
with, but the larger number of respondents have found work in private
businesses, mostly in their own profession, as well as outside of it. Main
reasons for their present work-engagement are small pensions and a wish
to remain active. They are all financially independent from their children
(cousins), although some merge their financial means/assets with other
members of the household seeing that they live together with their chil-
dren. That is why almost all of them help their children financially.
Most of the respondents live in two-member families, usually togeth-
er with a spouse, some with a child, one third lives by themselves (more
women than men), while other subjects live in three-member families or
families consisting of many members, with a spouse and a child or their
child s family. Education is different varying in range from an uncomplet-
ed primary school, through completed primary school and high school
to graduating from college. However, most of the respondents have ac-
quired a higher education. This, by no means, implies that those with a
postgraduate education are more active than others, but more so that the
possibility of finding a job after retirement is somewhat bigger consider-
ing that diverse activities that are available to them play a significant part
in it. All the interviewees are homeowners. Their material status is either
„mediocre/medium”, „solid/passable” or „good” There are no respondents
who assessed their material status as „bad”.
Only a few respondents are engaged in politics, while one third of
them are members of retirees clubs and/or various associations and socie-
ties. Political engagement is very rare, for elderly do not want to involve
in it because, as they say, they do not see any possibility to influence the
policies in Serbia, not even the ones that refer to the elderly population.
Majority of the respondents is disappointed in „the state of the country,
politicians ideas and behaviour, the attitude/approach towards the reti-
rees”...
Active aging could become even more active if the society could „lend
a little helping hand”, as most subjects would say. A most common prob-
lem among the interviewees are small pensions. Nevertheless, there are
those among them with solid pensions and savings. In addition, what is
Summary
| 257
considered a serious problem is the inability to find an additional job and
volunteer activities, as well as high prices of some recreational activities
and excursions. The dissatisfaction with the lack of care, the attitude of
social and medical institutions towards the retirees and insufficient media
interest for the programs that would suit the elderly is also notable. This is
of particular importance if it is known that majority of the elderly spends
most of their free time watching TV. Our respondents are partially satis-
fied with institutional support, mostly in the context of sports, education
and organizing of free time, for example, some commend organizing of
the pensioners clubs, establishing the University of „the third age”, mak-
ing of a sports, health and culture of the third age-Olympiad (of which
more than half of the retirees have heard), issuing benefits and privileges
for recreation in some of Belgrade’s municipalities, having lower prices for
language courses, theater and public transport tickets...
The stance that the elderly become dependent consumers of resourc-
es when they retire is nowadays outdated because they engage themselves
(even in later decades of life) in households, local communities and so-
ciety. Although this is still more present and evident in more developed
societies. When it comes to our respondents, they are mostly engaged
in households, less in local communities and political organizations, but
nevertheless they give a tremendous contribution to society through vari-
ous reproductive and productive activities. According to Ranzin (2002)
the elderly have unique talents in the field of community and country de-
velopment and that is why, the author argues, it is important to accept
the stance that the elderly are essential and significant resource, not the
burden for the society. Appreciation of their engagements by society is an
extremely important factor for a quality aging. Accordingly, some stud-
ies indicate that if the society recognizes the efforts of the elderly and
gives them special recognition, this affects the lower death risk (Willcox
et al., 2007). Negative stereotypes towards the elderly certainly bother our
respondents, but as they have often emphasized, they do not pay much
attention to it because they know that with their own engagement they
prove things to be exactly the opposite.
There are more than 20% of respondents who do volunteer work and
have graduated from college. Some have the will, but do not know where
to volunteer, while others plan to do it when they stop working honorar-
ily. Thus they are, on a large scale, involved in informal volunteering. They
deal with their children, grandchildren, they used to also previously nur-
ture or take care of their old parents or cousins (younger elderly, mostly
women being in question).
Women take on almost all housework/household chores as they did
when they were middleaged, while some of the men also work around the
Active aging in Belgrade
258 |
house, but them mostly being either divorced or widowers. In daily life
and during free time they continued engaging in usually the same activi-
ties as before, depending on their age. It is, however, also significant that
many of the respondents have taken part in new activities for which they
previously had not had enough time or money. Therefore, the theory of
engagement that indicates that elderly people can switch their old roles
for new ones is more aplicable in this case, together with the extended
models such are those presented by Villar (Villar, 2012) and Rowe and
Kahn (Rowe and Kahn, 1987, 1997) which encourage new, optimistic ap-
proaches to life (Martinson, Berridge, 2014).
As far as the health status is conscerned, both somatic and mental, all
of the respondents function independently, although almost every one has
some chronic disease or illness for which they require medication. Other
than that, there are also more severe illnesses that affect them, carcinomas
for example, all of which are being succesfully treated. There were some
lighter psychological difficulties too, such as mild depressive disorders at
one point in life which is usually connected to the death of a spouse.
The respondents spend their free time actively, especially the younger
among them. The most frequent physical activity among the older of them
is taking a walk/hike whereas younger ones also take up various activities,
such as: swimming, skiing, basketball, football, riding a bike, workouts in
a gym, working out on special machines, yoga, working out under home
conditions... Gardening and yard work are also referred to as important.
The belief of the respondents about the importance of physical and mental
activities for successful aging and maintaining health orients their behav-
iour and actions from which derives the more successful managing in life
circumstances and better self-management, as Clark et al (2008) conclude.
Older elderly who were very active between the ages of 65 to 75 and
even up to 80 are the last 5 to ten years no longer able to do sports activi-
ties or some housework. Therefore remain the intelectual, creative, artistic
and educative activities still very prominent. Differences in education do
not affect physical activities but they do partially influence the intelectual
and artistic ones. Gender differences are most visible in the width of so-
cial networks in favor of women. Female respondents regard to contacts
with their girlfriends as very significant for quality free time. Yet, all re-
spondents consider active aging to be related to a network of good friends,
neighbours and cousins. This is in accordance with Rowe and Kahns
model of successful aging in which the component of active life engagement
is primarily focused on interpersonal relationships.
Good relationship with children colors the quality of life notably.
Good communication with children, understanding and closeness as well
Summary
| 259
as the success of the children are among the biggest joys for the elderly.
Being satisfied and putting in effort to live healthily is associated with
good relations they nurture with their children and grandchildren.
Partnership and re-partnership is considered very important in the
third age. It is equally important to men and married or divorced women,
but, on the other hand it is somewhat less important to widows. Sexual-
ity is a decisive factor of a good partnership, although mostly to men. It
is considered significant during younger old age, more or somewhat less
than compared to the youth and middle age.
Most of the respondents use computers or a tablet while working
(honorary jobs). All those who own a computer also have internet. They
use it for e-mails, Skype - communication with children or friends that
live abroad, fun, education...
Religion is an important factor for aging successfully because going
to church produces positive emotions and experiences. Among them are
feelings of serenity, warmth, support. Majority of the respondents are so
called customary believers who celebrate slava* and occasionally, though
not very often, visit the church. Finally, it is crucial to emphasize that the
respondents age actively because they want to, in other words - because
they are motivated in different ways, be they internal or external Engaged
aging according to them means a positive experience.
They deem that they could not live differently than leading an ac-
tive life which is why they primarily make the connection between ac-
tive life, work and productivity from their youth and active aging on the
other hand. What should also be taken into consideration is that the per-
son who ages succesfully is the one who has decided to do exactly so -
to stay physically, intelectually, emotionally and socially active (Lucanin,
Despot Lucanin, 2013). Determination is important, but not sufficient.
What is required is help. Elderly have accepted aging which is what our
respondents have done very well even with an insufficient social support
that hinders and limits them in different ways. It would be satisfactory if
the society at least did its part. Even though there are some ideas, research
and strategies that led to some sort of change for the better, there are still
more investments and work necessary, as well as a deeper understanding
of the problems regarding aging in Serbia.
Finally, our society that continuosly grows older should embrace ag-
ing and learn how to age actively through policies and practice.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Dragišić Labaš, Slađana M. |
| author_facet | Dragišić Labaš, Slađana M. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Dragišić Labaš, Slađana M. |
| author_variant | l s m d lsm lsmd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043645423 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)967942269 (DE-599)BVBBV043645423 |
| edition | Prvo izdanje |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Belgrad (DE-588)4005411-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Belgrad |
| id | DE-604.BV043645423 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:31:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788664270168 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029059145 |
| oclc_num | 967942269 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 272 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Sociološko udruženje Srbije i Crne Gore |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Dragišić Labaš, Slađana M. Verfasser aut Aktivno starenje u Beogradu Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš Prvo izdanje Beograd Sociološko udruženje Srbije i Crne Gore 2016 Beograd Institut za sociološka istraživanja, Filozofski fakultet 2016 272 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englische Zusammenfassung Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd rswk-swf Aktivität (DE-588)4141766-5 gnd rswk-swf Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd rswk-swf Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd rswk-swf Lebensqualität (DE-588)4034922-6 gnd rswk-swf Belgrad (DE-588)4005411-1 gnd rswk-swf Belgrad (DE-588)4005411-1 g Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 s Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 s Aktivität (DE-588)4141766-5 s Lebensqualität (DE-588)4034922-6 s Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dragišić Labaš, Slađana M. Aktivno starenje u Beogradu Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd Aktivität (DE-588)4141766-5 gnd Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Lebensqualität (DE-588)4034922-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4142059-7 (DE-588)4141766-5 (DE-588)4068596-2 (DE-588)4001446-0 (DE-588)4034922-6 (DE-588)4005411-1 |
| title | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu |
| title_auth | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu |
| title_exact_search | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu |
| title_full | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš |
| title_fullStr | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu Slađana M. Dragišić Labaš |
| title_short | Aktivno starenje u Beogradu |
| title_sort | aktivno starenje u beogradu |
| topic | Alterssoziologie (DE-588)4142059-7 gnd Aktivität (DE-588)4141766-5 gnd Altern (DE-588)4068596-2 gnd Alter (DE-588)4001446-0 gnd Lebensqualität (DE-588)4034922-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Alterssoziologie Aktivität Altern Alter Lebensqualität Belgrad |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029059145&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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