Good arguments: an introduction to critical thinking
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Prentice Hall
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 212 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0131845705 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Missimer, Connie A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Good arguments |b an introduction to critical thinking |c C.A. Missimer |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Englewood Cliffs, N.J. |b Prentice Hall |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 212 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
I Welcome to the Community of Thinkers I
The Dozen Basics 1
Definition 2
Distinctions in the Strict and Loose Sense 3
Argument 4
Summary 9
Exercises 9
Reading 10
Notes 12
2 The Basics: Issue, Conclusion, and Reason 13
Reasons in Strict Arguments 13
For the Issue, Think “Whether” 14
How to Find the Conclusion 15
Visualize a Structure 17
Do the Reasons Make Sense as Reasons? 21
Book Titles as Conclusions 22
Writing About Several Related Issues 23
Some Distinctions 24
Summary 24
Exercises 25
Readings 28
Notes 30
3 How to Create Alternative Arguments 3 I
Quick Starts 31
Factors for, Factors against 33
Engulf and Devour 34
A Significant Exception 35
Counterexample 36
False or Insufficient Reasons 37
Time Out for Fact-Finding or Experimentation 38
v
vi
Contents
Balance and Belief 38
Logophobia: The Fear of Arguing 39
Miscellaneous Advice 43
Summary 43
Exercises 44
Readings 45
Notes 46
4 Deciding to Accept an Argument: Compare the Evidence 47
Evidence as the Reason 47
Evidence as Supporting the Reason 47
Evidence as Depending on the Issue 49
Compare the Evidence for Alternatives 52
Good Arguments Don’t Overstep Their Evidentiary Limits 53
Summary 54
Exercises 55
Readings 55
Notes 64
5 Warranted Inference: Where Reasons and Conclusion Join 65
Two Considerations Are Truth and Consistency 65
The Anatomy of Inference—Deduction and Induction 69
Induction Breeds a Sensible Caution 72
Things Can Go Wrong with Deduction and Induction 74
“Linchpin” Claims and Warranted Conclusions 76
Check for Consistency 77
How We All Block Warranted Inferences 78
How to Disagree with Good Arguments 79
Summary 80
Exercises 81
Readings 81
Notes 83
6 Other Connections: Assumptions and Implications 84
The Best Arguments Expose Their Major Assumptions 84
But Many Arguments Do Not Display Assumptions 85
Turn a Counterargument on its Head 86
Seek the Pivotal Term 86
Values Assumptions 88
Factual Assumptions 89
Implications Go Beyond the Argument 89
Contents vii
Summary 91
Exercises 91
Readings 91
Notes 95
7 Prescriptions 96
A Final Touch 96
Prescriptive Arguments 96
Summary 98
Exercises 99
Readings 99
Notes 101
8 Evaluating Aiternative Arguments in Light of Their Evidence,
and Theories of Critical Thinking Compared 102
Reviewing the Structure 102
Evaluate by Comparing 102
Strengthen Evaluations with “Better,” “Clearer,” “More” 102
Create a Better Alternative Argument 104
Summary 105
Exercise 106
Readings 106
Notes 113
9 How to Follow Complex Arguments I 14
Like Simple Arguments, Like Complex 114
The Subarguments Are the Reasons for the Main Conclusion 115
A Longer Example 116
Summary 122
Exercises 122
Reading 122
Notes 129
I 0 Deliberations I 30
Are Deliberations Better than Debates? 130
Play the “Devil’s Advocate” 131
Formal Deliberations 131
An Extended Example 132
Summary 134
Exercise 134
viii Contents
I I Experiment, Correlation, and Speculation 135
Experiment 135
Correlation: Case Study—A Correlational Tool 143
Vital Speculation 148
Evaluation 149
Summary 150
Exercises 151
Readings 151
Notes 160
12 Flimsy Structures 161
Inconsistency 161
Ad Hominem Attack 162
Appeal to Pity 163
Begging the Question 164
Post Hoc 165
Appeal (Only) to the Many 166
Straw Man: Damning with Faint Praise 167
Summary 168
Exercises 168
Notes 170
I 3 Problem Solving byWay of Review 171
The Problem Is the Issue 171
Order the Reasons 171
Define the Parameters 172
Break Gridlocks with Evidence 172
Seek Alternatives 173
The Grand Solution 174
Keep an Open Mind 175
Note 175
14 The Dialogue: How to Construct Alternative Arguments 176
Become Two Arguers 176
A Dialogue 177
The Dialogue Dissected 180
Summary 184
Exercises 184
Web References 185
Notes 185
Contents
ix
15 The Research Paper: A Simple Guide 186
Standards of Good Writing Depend on the Reader’s Needs 1««
More on Preparation 188
The Writing 191
Editing: You Are Almost There! 199
Summary 201
Web References 202
Notes 202
Glossary 203
Index 206
|
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| spelling | Missimer, Connie A. Verfasser aut Good arguments an introduction to critical thinking C.A. Missimer 4. ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall 2005 XII, 212 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Redeneren gtt Critical thinking Logic Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd rswk-swf Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 s DE-604 Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 s Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029052224&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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