Fundamentals of human neuropsychology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York
Worth Publishers, a Macmillian Education Imprint
2015
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| Ausgabe: | Seventh edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 808 Seiten, Glossary 32 Seiten, Name Indey 10 Seiten, Subjet Index 33 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781319154042 9781429282956 1429282959 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Preface xix Media and Supplements xxiii PART I Background 1 The Development of Neuropsychology 1 2 Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior 28 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Evolving a Capacity for Language 28 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Living with Traumatic Brain Injury 1 1.1 The Brain Theory 2 What Is the Brain? 2 How Does the Brain Relate to the Rest of the Nervous System? 4 © 1.2 Perspectives on the Brain and Behavior 5 2.1 Human Origins and the Origins of Larger Brains 29 Research on Hominid Evolution 29 Evolution of the Human Brain and Behavior 31 Relating Brain Size and Behavior 32 The Meaning of Human Brain-Size Comparisons 37 The Acquisition of Culture 39 © 2.2 Comparative Research in Neuropsychology 39 Aristotle: Mentalism 5 Understanding Brain Mechanisms 40 Descartes: Dualism 5 Designing Animal Models of Disorders 40 Describing Evolutionary Adaptations 41 Darwin: Materialism 7 Contemporary Perspectives 8 © 1.3 Brain Function: Insights from Brain Injury 8 Localization of Function 8 © 2.3 Genes, Environment, and Behavior 41 SNAPSHOT 0 A Genetic Diagnosis 42 Mendelian Genetics and the Genetic Code 43 Lateralization of Function 10 Applying Mendel s Principles 44 Genetic Engineering 47 Neuroplasticity 13 Phenotypic Plasticity and the Epigenetic Code 49 Hierarchical Organization 13 3 Nervous System Organization 53 SNAPSHOT О The Dilemma in Relating Behavior and Consciousness 14 CHAPTER 1.4 The Neuron Theory 17 О PORTRAIT Stroke 53 Nervous System Cells 17 Identifying the Neuron 18 © Relating Electrical Activity in Neurons to Behavior 19 © Connections Between Neurons As
the Basis of Learning 20 © 1.5 Contributions to Neuropsychology from Allied Fields 21 Neurosurgery 22 Psychometrics and Statistical Evaluation 23 Brain Imaging 24 3.1 Neuroanatomy: Finding Your Way Around the Brain 54 Describing Location in the Brain 54 A Wonderland of Nomenclature 56 3.2 Overview of Nervous System Structure and Function 57 Support and Protection 58 Blood Supply 59 Neurons and Glia 59 Gray, Whiter and Reticular Matter 61 Layers, Nuclei, Nerves, and Tracts 62 © Coverage links neuropsychological theory and assessment vii
viii CONTENTS 3.3 Origin and Development of the Central Nervous System 62 3.4 The Spinal Cord 64 Spinal-Cord Structure and Spinal Nerve Anatomy 64 Spinal-Cord Function and the Spinal Nerves 65 Cranial Nerve Connections 67 Autonomic Nervous System Connections 69 3.5 The Brainstem 70 The Hindbrain 70 The Midbrain 71 The Diencephalon 72 3.6 The Forebrain 72 The Basal Ganglia 73 The Limbic System 74 The Resting Potential 99 Graded Potentials 102 The Action Potential 103 ©4.3 Sending a Message Along an Axon 106 The Nerve Impulse 106 Saltatory Conduction and Myelin Sheaths 107 SNAPSHOT ©1 Diagnosing MS 108 ©4.4 How Neurons Integrate Information 109 Excitatory and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials 109 Voltage-Sensitive Channels and the Action Potential 110 Summation of Inputs 110 The Neocortex 75 Fissures, Sulci, and Gyri 76 Cortical Organization in Relation to Inputs, Outputs, and Function 77 Cellular Organization in the Cortex 78 ©4.5 Stimulating and Recording with Optogenetics 112 Cortical Connections 80 CHAPTER SNAPSHOT ® Brainbow and Clarity 81 3.7 The Crossed Brain 82 4 The Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons 85 CHAPTER The Versatile Neuron 112 5 Communication Between Neurons 115 PORTRAIT Otto Loewi s Dream Breakthrough 115 5.1 Neurotransmitter Discovery 116 5.2 The Structure of Synapses 117 © Chemical Synapses 117 Electrical Synapses 118 PORTRAIT The Halle Berry Neuron 85 4.1 The Neuron s Structure 86 Overview of a Neuron 86 The Neuron as a Factory 87 The Cell Membrane: Barrier and Gatekeeper 88 The Nucleus: Blueprints for Proteins 90 Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation 91 Applying Epigenetic Mechanisms 92 Proteins: The Cell s Products 93 Golgi Bodies and Microtubules: Protein Packaging and Shipment 93 Crossing the Cell Membrane: Channels, Gates, and Pumps 94 © 4.2 The Neuron s Electrical Activity 95 ©5.3 Neurotransmission in Four Steps 119 Step 1 : Transmitter Synthesis and Storage 120 Step 2: Neurotransmitter Release 120 Step 3: Receptor-Site Activation 121 Step 4: Neurotransmitter Deactivation 121 © 5.4 Types of Synapses 122 Synaptic Variations 122 Excitatory and Inhibitory Messages 123 ©5.5 Varieties of Neurotransmitters 124 Four Criteria for Identifying Neurotransmitters 124 Three Classes of Neurotransmitters 125 Peptide Transmitters 127 Transmitter Gases 128 ©5.6 Excitatory and Inhibitory Receptors 129 Recording from an Axon 96 Ionotropic Receptors and Excitation 129 How the Movement of Ions Creates Electrical Charges 97 Metabotropic Receptors and Inhibition 129 Excitatory and Inhibitory Receptor Effects 131
Group IV: Opioid Analgesics 1 Group V: Psychotropics 156 SNAPSHOT © Cognitive Enhance General Stimulants 160 © 6.4 Individual Responses and on Addiction 160 Behavior on Drugs 160 Addiction and Dependence 161 Sex Differences in Addiction 16 Wanting-and-Liking Theory 162 Treating Drug Abuse 163 6.5 Hormones 164 Hierarchical Control of Hormon @ Classes and Functions of Hor
X CONTENTS Neural Relays Determine the Hierarchy of Motor Responses 207 Central Organization of Sensory Systems 208 8.2 Sensory Receptors and Pathways 211 Vision 211 The Cortex: Intention 263 © 10.2 The Structure of the Cortex 264 Cortical Cells 264 SNAPSHOT ©I Mapping the Human Cortex 265 Hearing 214 Cortical Layers, Efferents, and Afferents 266 Body Senses 217 Cortical Columns, Spots, and Stripes 268 The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell 223 Multiple Representations: Mapping Reality 270 SNAPSHOT Watching the Brain Make Flavor 225 ©8.3 Perception 228 Illusions 228 Synesthesia 229 Sensory Synergies 229 Cortical Systems: Frontal Lobe, Paralimbic Cortex, and Subcortical Loops 272 Cortical Connections, Reentry, and the Binding Problem 273 ©10.3 Functional Organization of the Cortex 275 A Hierarchical Model of Cortical Function 275 Evaluating the Hierarchical Model 276 9 Organization of the Motor System 232 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Mind in Motion 232 A Contemporary Model of Cortical Function 278 © 10.4 Do Human Brains Possess Unique Properties? 279 9.1 The Neocortex: Initiating Movement 233 1 1 Cerebral Asymmetry 283 Mapping the Motor Cortex Using Electrical Stimulation 235 CHAPTER Multiple Representations in the Motor Cortex 236 ^PORTRAIT Words and Music 283 The Movement Lexicon 239 © Mirroring Movement 242 SNAPSHOT Recording Mirror Neuron Activity 244 ©9.2 The Brainstem: Motor Control 245 The Basal Ganglia and Movement Force 245 The Cerebellum and Motor Learning 247 ©9.3 Communicating with the Spinal Cord 250 11.1 Anatomical Asymmetries in the Human Brain 284 Cerebral Asymmetry 284
Neuronal Asymmetry 288 Genetic Asymmetry 288 11.2 Asymmetries in Neurological Patients 289 Patients with Lateralized Lesions 289 Commissurotomy Patients 291 Spinal-Cord Pathways 250 Brain Stimulation 294 Spinal Motor Neurons 251 Carotid Sodium Amobarbital Injection 296 10 Principles of Neocortical Function 255 CHAPTER О PORTRAIT Hemispherectomy 255 10.1 A Hierarchy of Function from Spinal Cord to Cortex 256 The Spinal Cord: Reflexes 258 11.3 Behavioral Asymmetries in the Intact Brain 298 Asymmetry in the Visual System 298 Asymmetry in the Auditory System 299 Asymmetry in the Somatosensory System 300 Asymmetry in the Motor System 301 © What Do Laterality Studies Tell Us about Brain Function? 303 The Hindbrain: Postural Support 258 11.4 Neuroimaging and Asymmetry 304 The Midbrain: Spontaneous Movement 260 © 11.5 Theoretical Arguments: What Is Lateralized? 306 The Diencephalon: Affect and Motivation 261 The Basal Ganglia: Self-Maintenance 262 Specialization Models 306
CONTENTS Interaction Models 308 Preferred Cognitive Mode 309 SNAPSHOT О Imaging the Brain s Plasticity 310 ©Measuring Behavior in Neuropsychology 311 12 Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry 316 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Individual Responses to Injury 316 12.1 Handedness and Functional Asymmetry 316 Anatomical Studies 317 Functional Cerebral Organization in Left-Handers 31 8 © Theories of Hand Preference 319 SNAPSHOT О Genetic Influences on Brain Structure 321 12.2 Sex Differences in Cerebral Organization 323 Sex Differences in Children s Behavior 323 Sex Differences in Adult Behavior 324 Sex Differences in Brain Structure 328 The Homosexual Brain 330 Sex Differences Revealed in Functional Imaging Studies 331 Research with Neurological Patients 332 © Explanations for Sex Differences 333 © 12.3 Environmental Effects on Asymmetry 338 Language and Culture 338 Sensory or Environmental Deficits 340 12.4 Asymmetry in Nonhuman Animals 343 Asymmetry in Birds 344 Asymmetry in Nonhuman Primates 344 PART III Cortical Functions 13 The Occipital Lobes 350 CHAPTER О PORTRAIT An Injured Soldier s Visual World 350 13.1 Occipital Lobe Anatomy 350 Subdivisions of the Occipital Cortex 351 Connections of the Visual Cortex 353 ХІ 13.2 A Theory of Occipital-Lobe Function 353 Visual Functions Beyond the Occipital Lobe 354 Visual Pathways Beyond the Occipital Lobe 357 Imaging Studies of Dorsal and Ventral Streams 359 Top-Down Predictions in Vision 360 © 13.3 Disorders of Visual Pathways 360 ©13.4 Disorders of Cortical Function 362 Case B.K.: VI Damage and a Scotoma 362 Case D.B.: VI Damage and Blindsight 364
Case G.Y. and Related Cases: VI Damage and Conscious Vision 364 Case J.I.: V4 Damage and Loss of Color Vision 364 Case P.B.: Conscious Color Perception in a Blind Patient 365 Case L.M.: V5 (MT) Damage and the Perception of Movement 365 Case D.F.: Occipital Damage and Visual Agnosia 366 Case V.K.: Parietal Damage and Visuomotor Guidance 367 Cases D. and T.: Higher-Level Visual Processes 367 Conclusions from the Case Studies 368 © 13.5 Visual Agnosia 368 Object Agnosias 368 Other Visual Agnosias 369 13.6 Visual Imagery 370 SNAPSHOT © Generating Mental Images 371 14 The Parietal Lobes 374 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Varieties of Spatial Information 374 14.1 Parietal Lobe Anatomy 374 Subdivisions of the Parietal Cortex 375 Connections of the Parietal Cortex 376 Anatomy of the Dorsal Stream 377 14.2 A Theory of Parietal-Lobe Function 378 © Behavioral Uses of Spatial Information 379 The Complexity of Spatial Information 382 Other Parietal-Lobe Functions 382 SNAPSHOT © Spatial Cognition and White-Matter Organization 383 © 14.3 Somatosensory Symptoms of Parietal Lesions 384
xii CONTENTS Somatosensory Thresholds 384 Inability to Use Contextual Information 421 Somatoperceptual Disorders 385 Numb Touch 385 Somatosensory Agnosias 386 Memory Impairment 421 Altered Affect and Personality 422 © 14.4 Symptoms of Posterior Parietal Damage 387 Balint s Syndrome 387 Contralateral Neglect and Other Symptoms of Right Parietal Lesions 388 The Gerstmann Syndrome and Other Left Parietal Symptoms 390 Apraxia and the Parietal Lobe 391 Drawing 392 Spatial Attention 392 Disorders of Spatial Cognition 393 Left and Right Parietal Lobes Compared 394 © 14.5 Major Symptoms and Their Assessment 394 Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment 395 CHAPTER 15 The Temporal Lobes 400 PORTRAIT Living with Temporal-Lobe Damage 400 15.1 Temporal-Lobe Anatomy 400 Changes in Sexual Behavior 423 © 15.4 Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment of Temporal-Lobe Damage 423 CHAPTER 16 The Frontal Lobes 427 PORTRAIT Losing Frontal-Lobe Functions 427 16.1 Frontal-Lobe Anatomy 427 Subdivisions of the Frontal Cortex 428 The Connectome and the Frontal Cortex 430 16.2 A Theory of Frontal-Lobe Function 431 Functions of the Premotor Cortex 432 Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex 433 Asymmetry of Frontal-Lobe Function 435 Heterogeneity of Frontal-Lobe Function 435 SNAPSHOT О Heterogeneity of Function in the Orbitofrontal Cortex 436 © 16.3 Symptoms of Frontal-Lobe Lesions 437 Disturbances of Motor Function 437 Loss of Divergent Thinking 440 Subdivisions of the Temporal Cortex 401 Environmental Control of Behavior 443 Connections of the Temporal Cortex 402 Poor Temporal Memory 446 Impaired Social and
Sexual Behavior 449 Does a Spatial Deficit Exist? 452 Anatomy of the Ventral Stream 403 15.2 A Theory of Temporal-Lobe Function 404 Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment of Frontal-Lobe Damage 452 * The Superior Temporal Sulcus and Biological Motion 406 Visual Processing in the Temporal Lobe 406 16.4 Intelligence and the Frontal Lobes 454 Are Faces Special? 409 Auditory Processing in the Temporal Lobe 411 © Asymmetry of Temporal-Lobe Function 415 © 16.6 Disorders Affecting the Frontal Lobe 457 ©15.3 Symptoms of TemporalLobe Lesions 416 Disorders of Auditory and Speech Perception 417 Disorders of Music Perception 417 SNAPSHOT S Imaging Auditory Hallucinations 418 Disorders of Visual Perception 419 Disturbance of Visual- and AuditoryInput Selection 420 Impaired Organization and Categorization 420 16.5 Imaging Frontal-Lobe Function 455 CHAPTER 17 Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes 462 PORTRAIT At Cross Purposes 462 17.1 Disconnecting Cognitive Functions 463 17.2 Anatomy of Cerebral Connections 464 © 17.3 Cortical Networks and Hubs 466 © 17.4 Behavioral Effects of Disconnection 468
CONTENTS ХІІІ © 17.5 Hemispheric Disconnection 470 Commissurotomy 470 Callosal Agenesis and Early Transections 471 © 17.6 Disconnecting Sensorimotor Systems 472 Olfaction 472 Vision 473 Unique Aspects of Emotional Memory 502 © 18.5 Short-Term Memory 502 Short-Term Memory and the Temporal and Parietal Lobes 503 Short-Term Memory and the Frontal Lobes 503 © Neuropsychological Testing for Short-Term Memory Function 503 Audition 474 SNAPSHOT Disrupting Memory Formation 504 Movement 475 Effects of Partial Disconnection 476 © 18.6 Neurological Diseases and Long-Term Memory 507 Somatosensory Functions 474 SNAPSHOT © An fMRI Study of Disconnection 476 © 17.7 Lesion Effects Reinterpreted As Disconnection Syndromes 477 Apraxia 477 Agnosia and Alexia 477 Contralateral Neglect 478 Hubs and Connectivity in Brain Dysfunction 478 PART IV Higher Functions CHAPTER 18 Learning and Memory 480 PORTRAIT The Mystery of Memory 480 Ο18.Ί Learning, Memory, and Amnesia 481 Varieties of Amnesia 482 Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia 484 Time-Dependent Retrograde Amnesia 484 Three Theories of Amnesia 485 © 18.2 Long-Term Explicit Memory 486 Episodic Memory 486 Autonoetic Awareness of Time 487 Semantic Memory 488 Neural Substrates of Explicit Memory 489 Hemispheric Specialization for Explicit Memory 495 © 18.3 Long-Term Implicit Memory 497 Sparing of Implicit Memory in Amnesia 497 Neural Substrates of Implicit Memory 498 © 18.4 Long-Term Emotional Memory 501 Evoking Negative Emotions 501 Neural Substrates of Emotional Memory 501 Transient Global Amnesia 507 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis 507 Alzheimer s
Disease 508 Korsakoff s Syndrome 508 Neurotransmitter Activating Systems and Memory 509 © 18,7 Special Memory Abilities 510 Savant Syndrome 510 Superior Autobiographical Memory 511 CHAPTER 19 Language 515 PORTRAIT Multilingual Meltdown 515 19.1 What Is Language? 516 Language Structure 516 Producing Sound 517 Core Language Skills 518 19.2 Searching for the Origins of Language 519 SNAPSHOT О Genetic Basis for an Inherited Speech and language Disorder 520 Continuity Theory 520 Discontinuity Theory 523 Experimental Approaches to Language Origins 524 19.3 Localization of Language 526 Anatomical Areas Associated with Language 527 Speech Zones Mapped by Brain Stimulation and Surgical Lesions 529 Speech Zones Mapped by BrainImaging Techniques 531 © Neural Networks for Language 533 © 19.4 Language Disorders 536 Fluent Aphasias 536
xiv CONTENTS Nonfluent Aphasias 538 CHAPTER 21 Pure Aphasias 538 Spatial Behavior 575 © 19.5 Localization of Lesions in Aphasia 538 Cortical Language Components 539 Subcortical Language Components 540 Right-Hemisphere Contributions to Language 540 © 19.6 Neuropsychological Assessment of Aphasia 541 Assessing Developmental Language Disorders 542 CHAPTER 20 Emotion and the Social Brain 548 PORTRAIT Agenesis of the Frontal Lobe 548 20.1 The Nature of Emotion 549 What Are Emotions? 549 Components of Emotion 549 20.2 Historical Views 550 Investigating the Anatomy of Emotion 550 PORTRAIT Lost in Space 575 21.1 Spatial Behavior and Spatial Impairments 576 Explaining Spatial Behavior 577 © Clinical Descriptions of Spatial Impairments 577 Topographic Disorientation 578 © 21.2 Dorsal- and Ventral-Stream Contributions to Spatial Behavior 581 The Dorsal Stream in Parietal Cortex 581 The Dorsal Stream in Frontal Cortex 584 The Dorsal and Ventral Streams in Temporal Cortex 585 SNAPSHOT Imaging the Hippocampi of London Taxi Drivers 586 21.3 Experimental Models of Spatial Behavior 587 The Emotional Brain 551 Route Following 588 Piloting 588 Cortical Connections of Emotion 551 Caching Behavior 590 20.3 Candidate Structures in Emotional Behavior 553 Processing Emotional Stimuli 553 Brain Circuits for Emotion 554 © 20.4 Neuropsychological Theories of Emotion 556 Appraisal Theories of Emotion 556 SNAPSHOT 0 Brain Activation in Social Cognition 558 Cognitive-Emotional Interactions 559 Cognitive Asymmetry and Emotion 561 © 20.5 Asymmetry in Emotional Processing 562 Producing Emotional Behavior
562 Interpreting Emotional Behavior 564 Temporal-Lobe Personality 566 © 20.6 The Social Brain and Social Cognition 567 Frontal Lesions in Monkeys 567 Cerebral Lesions in Humans 568 Social Neural Networks 569 The Self and Social Cognition 570 Cognitive Control of Emotion 571 Dead Reckoning 591 © Neuropsychological Tests of Spatial Behavior 593 Single-Cell Recording and Spatial Behavior 594 Location of Spatial Cells 597 ©21.4 Individual Differences in Spatial Abilities 598 Sex-Related Differences 598 » Handedness and Spatial Ability 601 © 21.5 Episodic Memory, Scene Construction, and Theory of Mind 601 Spatial Activity in Episodic Memory 601 Spatial Memory as Distinct from Episodic Memory 602 Spatial and Episodic Memory as Hippocampal Functions 602 Theory of Mind 603 CHAPTER 22 Attention and Consciousness 607 PORTRAIT A Curious Case of Neglect 607 ©22.1 Defining Attention and Consciousness 608
CONTENTS ©22.2 Attention 609 Automatic and Conscious Processing Compared 609 Neurophysiological Evidence of Attention 612 Parallel Processing of Sensory Input 615 Functional Imaging and Attention 615 © Networks of Attention 618 Mechanisms of Attention 621 © 22.3 Inattention 622 Absence of Visual Attention 622 Sensory Neglect 624 © 22.4 Consciousness 625 The Neural Basis of Consciousness 627 Cerebral Substrates of Consciousness 629 SNAPSHOT © Stimulating Nonconscious Emotion 630 Emotion and Consciousness 630 Nonconscious Processing 632 PART V Plasticity and Disorders CHAPTER 23 Brain Development and Plasticity 635 PORTRAIT Plasticity and Language 635 23.1 Approaches to Studying Brain Development 635 23.2 Development of the Human Brain 636 © 23.6 Brain Injury and Plasticity 656 Effects of Age 657 Effects of Brain Damage on Language 657 SNAPSHOT О Distinct Cortical Areas for Second Languages 658 Reorganization of Language 660 Absence of Language After Bilateral Lesions 662 © 23.7 Studying Plasticity After Early Brain Injury 662 Effects of Early Brain Lesions on Behaviors Later in Life 663 Effects of Early Brain Lesions on Brain Structure Later in Life 665 Factors Influencing Plasticity After Early Cortical Injury 665 CHAPTER 24 Neurodevelopmental Disorders 670 0 PORTRAIT Life Without Reading 670 ©24.1 Neurodevelopmental Disorders 671 Historical Background and Evolution of Understanding 671 Incidence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 673 Types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 673 24.2 Learning Disorders That Affect Reading 674 Neuron Generation 638 Types of Reading 674 Cell
Migration and Differentiation 639 Causes of Reading Disorders 675 Neural Maturation 640 Synapse Formation and Pruning 641 Glial Development 643 © The Adolescent Brain 643 23.3 Imaging Studies of Brain Development 644 ©23.4 Development of ProblemSolving Ability 647 © 23.5 Environmental Effects on Brain Development 650 Developmental Effects of Aversive Environments 651 Environmental Influences on Brain Organization 652 XV SNAPSHOT 15 Imaging Sound Perception in Controls and Subjects with Dyslexia 678 © Neuropsychological Evaluation 679 © 24.3 Nonlanguage Neurodevelopmental Disorders 681 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 681 Cerebral Palsy 683 Hydrocephalus 685 Autism Spectrum Disorders 686 Fragile-X Syndrome 689 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 690 © 24.4 Developmental Influences on Neurodevelopmental Disorders 692 Experience and Neural Connectivity 654 Structural Damage and Toxic Effects 692 Plasticity of Representational Zones in the Developing Brain 655 Hormonal Effects: The GeschwindGalaburda Theory 693
xvi CONTENTS Environmental Deprivation 694 ©25.5 Variables Affecting Recovery 720 The Birthday Effect 694 © 25.6 Therapeutic Approaches to Recovery After Brain Damage 721 © 24.5 Adult Outcome of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 695 Rehabilitation 722 Pharmacological Therapies 724 CHAPTER 25 Plasticity, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of the Adult Brain 699 PORTRAIT Concussion 699 ©25.1 Principles of Brain Plasticity 700 Diet 726 CHAPTER 26 Principle 1 : Plasticity is common to all nervous systems, and the principles are conserved. 700 Neurological Disorders 730 Principle 2: Plasticity can .be analyzed at many levels. 700 Principle 3: The two general types of plasticity derive from experience. 707 Principle 4: Similar behavioral changes can correlate with different plastic changes. 707 ©26.1 The Neurological Examination 731 Principle 5: Experience-dependent changes interact. 707 Principle 6: Plasticity is age-dependent. 708 Principle 7: Plastic changes are time dependent. 708 ’ Electrical Stimulation 725 Brain-Tissue Transplants and Stem-Cell Induction 725 Principle 8: Plasticity is related to an experience s relevance to the animal. 708 Principle 9: Plasticity is related to the intensity or frequency of experiences. 709 Principle 10: Plasticity can be maladaptive. 709 © 25.2Can Plasticity Support Functional Recovery After Injury? 709 Compensation Compared with Recovery 710 What Happens When a Brain Is Injured? 711 ©25.3 Examples of Functional Restitution 712 Recovery from Motor-Cortex Damage 712 Recovery from Aphasia 712 Recovery from Traumatic Lesions 713 Recovery from Surgical
Lesions 714 Return to Daily Life 715 © 25.4 Research on Plasticity in the Injured Brain 717 Functional Imaging After Cerebral Injury 717 SNAPSHOT Using Imaging to Study Recovery 718 Physiological Mapping After Cerebral Injury 719 PORTRAIT Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 730 The Patient s History 731 The Physical Examination 731 26.2 Cerebral Vascular Disorders 733 Types of Cerebral Vascular Disease 733 © Treating Cerebral Vascular Disorders 735 ©26.3 Traumatic Brain Injuries 736 Open Head Injuries 737 Closed Head Injuries 737 Behavioral Assessment of Head Injury 739 Recovering from and Preventing Head Injury 741 26.4 Epilepsy 741 Classifying Seizures 742 © Treating Epilepsy 743 26.5 Tumors 743 26.6 Headache 745 Types of Headache 745 ©Treating Headache 747 26.7 Infections 747 Types of CNS Infection 748 © Treating CNS Infection 749 © 26.8 Disorders of Motor Neurons and the Spihal Cord 750 Myasthenia Gravis 750 Poliomyelitis 751 Multiple Sclerosis 751 Paraplegia 752 Brown-Séquard Syndrome 752 Hemiplegia 753 © 26.9 Sleep Disorders 753 Narcolepsy 755 Insomnia 756 SNAPSHOT (© Restless Legs Syndrome 757
CONTENTS 27 Psychiatric and Related Disorders 761 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Losing Touch with Reality 761 27.1 The Brain and Behavior 761 27.2 Schizophrenia 762 Structural Abnormalities in Schizophrenic Brains 763 Biochemical Abnormalities in the Brains of People with Schizophrenia 764 © Schizophrenia as a Neurodevelopmental Disorder 765 © Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia 765 27.3 Mood Disorders 767 Neurochemical Aspects of Depression 767 Neuropathological and Blood-Flow Abnormalities in Depression 768 SNAPSHOT О Cortical Metabolic and Anatomical Abnormalities in Mood Disorders 769 Neurobiological Aspects of Bipolar Disorder 770 ©27.4 Anxiety Disorders 771 27.5 Psychiatric Symptoms of Cerebral Vascular Disease 772 27.6 Psychosurgery 773 27.7 Motor Disorders 774 © Hyperkinetic Disorders 774 Hypokinetic Disorders 778 Causes of Parkinsonism 780 ©Treating Parkinson s Disease 781 © Psychological Aspects of Parkinson s Disease 782 27.8 Dementias 783 Anatomical Correlates of Alzheimer s Disease 784 Putative Causes of Alzheimer s Disease 786 XVII © Clinical Symptoms and the Progression of Alzheimer s Disease 787 © 27.9Micronutrients and Behavior 788 28 Neuropsychological Assessment 793 CHAPTER PORTRAIT Lingering Effects of Brain Trauma 793 28.1 The Changing Face of Neuropsychological Assessment 794 Functional Brain Imaging 794 Cognitive Neuroscience 795 Managed Care 796 28.2 Rationale Behind Neuropsychological Assessment 797 Factors Affecting Test Choice 798 Goals of Neuropsychological Assessment 798 Intelligence Testing in Neuropsychological Assessment 799 Categories of
Neuropsychological Assessment 801 28.3 Neuropsychological Tests and Brain Activity 802 28.4 The Problem of Effort 803 © 28.5 Case Histories 804 Case 1 : Epilepsy Caused by LeftHemisphere Tumor 804 Case 2: Epilepsy Caused by RightHemisphere Infection 805 Case 3: Rehabilitation 805 Glossary G-l Name Index N1-1 Subject Index SI-1
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| dewey-search | 612.8 |
| dewey-sort | 3612.8 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Biologie Psychologie Medizin |
| edition | Seventh edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Einführung Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV043634417 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:31:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781319154042 9781429282956 1429282959 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 014946473 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029048376 |
| oclc_num | 908614858 |
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| owner_facet | DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | XXIV, 808 Seiten, Glossary 32 Seiten, Name Indey 10 Seiten, Subjet Index 33 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Worth Publishers, a Macmillian Education Imprint |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kolb, Bryan 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)172192943 aut Fundamentals of human neuropsychology Bryan Kolb & Ian Q. Whishaw Seventh edition New York Worth Publishers, a Macmillian Education Imprint 2015 XXIV, 808 Seiten, Glossary 32 Seiten, Name Indey 10 Seiten, Subjet Index 33 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neuropsychology Human behavior Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd rswk-swf Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd rswk-swf Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content 2\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 s DE-604 Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 s 3\p DE-604 Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 s 4\p DE-604 Whishaw, Ian Q. 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)113416253 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029048376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Kolb, Bryan 1947- Whishaw, Ian Q. 1939- Fundamentals of human neuropsychology Neuropsychology Human behavior Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4019752-9 (DE-588)4135740-1 (DE-588)4041897-2 (DE-588)4151278-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology |
| title_full | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology Bryan Kolb & Ian Q. Whishaw |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology Bryan Kolb & Ian Q. Whishaw |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology Bryan Kolb & Ian Q. Whishaw |
| title_short | Fundamentals of human neuropsychology |
| title_sort | fundamentals of human neuropsychology |
| topic | Neuropsychology Human behavior Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd Neurophysiologie (DE-588)4041897-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neuropsychology Human behavior Gehirn Neuropsychologie Neurophysiologie Einführung Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029048376&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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