Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Macedonian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Skopje
Magor
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Englische Zusammenfassung mit dem Titel: Neolithic figurines in Macedonia |
| Beschreibung: | 305 pages illustrations 31 cm |
Internformat
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| 500 | |a Englische Zusammenfassung mit dem Titel: Neolithic figurines in Macedonia | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Includes bibliographical references | |
| 546 | |a Text mazedonisch | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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1.2. Tnno.riOLUKO onpefle/iyBai-be Ha c^MrypHHHTe...........................49
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2.2. 3eneHHKOBo.......................................................... 107
2.3. C/iaBej...............................................................120
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2.5. AM3a6eroBO............................................................135
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3.2. To/iKyBahbeTO Ha cjsHrypMHMTe «aKO 6o KecTBa..........................161
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3aK/iyMOK: TE/IOTO TIOMEfy cDMryPMHHTE H TIOrPEByBAI-bATA........................215
Summary: NEOLITHIC FIGURINES IN MACEDONIA....................................235
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5
SUMMARY
NEOLITHIC FIGURINES
IN MACEDONIA
Probably we will never decifer who is represented by
the Neolithic figurines. It does not mean that there
is no possibility to understand their significance
and function. In the two recent decades archaeology
indicated many new directions of figurine studies,
so that there are more thorough modes for their
research. Consequently their complex role within
Neolithic societies is currently more apparent which
is in a relationship with a set of social and symbolic
processes. It is considered that their visuality is not
superficial representation of some characters, but it is
composed of many cognitive levels. The same regards
their materiality as well. They are not only lumps of
clay which reflects someone, but they are dynamic
items involved in the variety of activities which could
be related with social stratification, identity creation,
rituals, religion, economy, children games, fun, bodily
pleasures or magic. The thorough study of figurines
provide insight into some of these components of
Neolithic communities and simultaneously tests the
particular role of these miniature artefacts.
In spite of their miniature size these small objects
comprise abundance of meanings and were involved
in a number of engagements. Their meticulousness
in particular asserts the visual character of these clay
artifacts between 2 and 20 cm high. They are projected
for a narrative function and to present someone in
specific action, situation or role. On the one hand, the
reading of their surface elucidate the visual narrative,
encompassed within gestures, outline of the body,
facial character or the presence of other corporeal
features or ornaments. But on the other hand, the
analyses of their interior i.e. its technical structure,
as well as the study of the context where they were
found, enable more thoughtful understanding of their
roles within Neolithic societies.
In the core of this research are the human body
representations, observed and represented by the
Neolithic communities. It was one of the most crucial
references for the man’s self-awareness and for the
symbolic communication. All those thousands of
unearthed figurines are not merely exotic artefacts,
but they are essential image for the man in the certain
stage of the past. They mostly speak about the man
itself and how the body was engaged to communi-
cate with the other family members and the village
community or with neighboring populations in the
surrounding regions. Each present and seemingly
dispensable detail depicted on these complex objects
elaborate the issues that concerned Neolithic com-
munities and which could be painted or modeled
throughout the human body. The study of these
miniature anthropomorphic artefacts in particular
enables the thorough understanding of subtle compo-
nents of the Neolithic life and tracking the symbolic
features of the corporeality and its function within
first agricultural societies. If it is considered that
these aspects were not unified and equally mani-
fested among all farming communities, their research
would be more thorough if they monitored in smaller
regional frames.
Therefore in this monograph only figurines
common for particular Neolithic communities are
incorporated and especially those which settled
nowadays territory of the Republic of Macedonia.
Even in this case, one of the most crucial segments
of this monograph is the emphasize of micro local
differences in the production and use of figurines. This
is contrary to the general image of universal mean-
ings and functions of figurines which was dominant
interpretative paradigm in the 19th and 20th century.
The new research confirmed that even in smaller
235
Tone HayMos: Heojiutucm (pueypumi so Mmeponuja -
regional units there are apparent dissimilarities in
domain of the human body representations, as well as
the favorableness or neglecting of particular features.
Consequently these monograph concerns the entire set
of already published figurines, as well as the complete
repertoire from the individual archaeological sites in
order to present majority of iconographic variations
and archaeological contexts where they are found
and most probably employed.
CONTENT
This monograph represents one of the rare attempts
to gather and present all known Neolithic miniature
representations of human body in Macedonia. The
crucial aspects of Neolithic anthropomorphic figurines
are elaborated within, including their geographi-
cal locations, typology, chronology, techniques of
production, visual features, as well as the symbolic
components they comprise. A broad overview is
made which enable complete insight into majority
of characteristics common for these artefacts.
The monograph starts with the geographic loca-
tion of Neolithic settlements where the figurines are
found and simultaneously the elementary description
of their features and regional characteristics is made.
All regions and sites in the Republic of Macedonia
are encompassed where these finds are determined
which induce that they were not equally produced
and employed among majority of the Neolithic com-
munities. In the next chapter the figurines are typo-
logically elaborated according to several referential
elements which provide detailed understanding of
forms, variations and differences between the Neo-
lithic artefacts in Macedonia,
The supplements on technology and their pro-
duction are contributed, as well as their belonging to
particular chronological Neolithic phases. Also the
iconographic analysis of published figurines is made
in order to assert their visual features and the aspects
of their corporeality. Besides these published figurines,
the case studies are comprised in a separate chapter
which considers not published and unknown figurines
from several sites in Skopje region and Pelagonia. In
this chapter a systematic insight of complete techni-
cal and iconographical features is made including
their specific archaeological contexts. The symbolic
aspects of figurines are comprised in the last chapter
where an analytical discussion of their significance
and functions is proposed, but also the modes of their
employment within Neolithic communities.
Considering the monograph contents it could
be deduced that it elaborates the group of probably
most miniature artifacts in Macedonian archaeology.
Besides their small dimensions the comprehend
significances and functions with much larger range
whose elucidation was one of the major goals of this
monograph. Nevertheless, concerning the volume and
material estimated for this publication some of the
topics were not able for more thorough elaboration.
Although the anthropomorphism is incorporated
within the core of these finds, still its comprehensive
theoretical observations were not presented in this
monograph. The more systematic anthropological,
sociological, ethnographical and archaeological
observations for the motives and features of anthro-
pomorphism were intentionally omitted in order to
provide more space of the elementary archaeological
material which could be further used for the dis-
cussion of figurines and their social and symbolic
roles. Although the aspects of anthropomorphism
are directly or indirectly involved in some of the
chapters, still remains to incorporate the crucial
components of corporeality, embodiment, agency,
gender and identity in other publication focused on
the archaeology of body.
Although there is a comprehensive overview7 and
elaboration of figurines, still many data regarding the
Neolithic miniatures are not included. Some of the
archaeological spheres were not integrated in the final
publication considering the number of pages with
studied finds and discussion on their visual, social
and symbolic features. Consequently much larger
accent was given on the detailed geographical and
typological outline of published figurines and those
employed as case studies. Also much greater space
was provided for the current directions of figurine
studies as they are not adequately integrated within
Macedonian archaeology. Subsequently, a thorough
formal and interpretative data base on figurines is
made which can be further used for more detailed
research of their typology, technology, function and
possible employment.
THE CORPOREALITY
OF MINIATURES
The body is one of the most significant mechanisms
engaged in the construction of social principles, but
also it is a compelling metaphor in the embodiment of
the crucial community precepts. The body has been
included in a series of complex processes during
236
Neolithic figurines in Macedonia
the Neolithic, regarding the symbolic definition of
the households and it was a basis for the established
interface between individuals and objects they
produced. Such incorporation of the body in the
Neolithic societies was deployed in two directions,
one related to sacred ceremonies and the other realized
in the domain of imagery representations. In the first
case, some of the deceased community members were
buried inside settlement, while in the second, different
characters were represented by the figurines or other
ceramic objects. Additionally, the burials were more
than an automatic reflection to death, neither the
anthropomorphic images were merely a depiction of
particular individuals. On the contrary, the funerary
rites and the visual forms of corporeality were equally
engaged in a series of symbolic components which
mirrored the verified social habitus and the cognitive
explication of space and the objects which were used.
The deceased were not randomly placed underneath
or beside the buildings, while the human body was
not only depicted on figurines, but also represented
as a hybrid metaphor associated with house, vessel,
oven or ‘altars’. The provident observation of these
ritual and visual elements indicates that purposeful
preference has been established for those buried inside
settlement, as well as for the constructions and objects
set in a symbolic relationship with human body.
Numerous archaeological contexts and anthro-
pomorphic artifacts in the Balkans confirms de-
liberately and consistently implementation of the
ritual customs and visual tenets. Therefore in this
publication, the data and Neolithic findings provided
by the excavations in the Republic of Macedonia are
used, in order to assert the preferred standards in
domain of embodied material culture. They are set
in a series of ratios specifying various local features
which digresses the previous overview on the level
of Neolithic cultural groups. Additional examples of
wider Balkan area are applied in order to demonstrate
the existence of similar visual practices based on the
identical symbolic constraints, but independently
realized throughout regional features. In that direc-
tion, several case studies elaborate the significance
and authenticity of micro-regional practices in spite
of the generalized standardization of the symbolic
involvement of human body.
The monograph is focused on the corporeality of
miniatures, but also on several visual subcategories
which accents the aspects of selection and priorities
in the Neolithic societies. Therefore the main imagery
and social principles of miniaturism and hybridism
among particular communities is specified. Such
division of figurine production and visual practices
intends to confirm that they are unified throughout
the concept of anthropomorphism which considers the
human body as crucial semiotic component for the il-
lustration of compound social and symbolic processes
in various Neolithic settlements. These settlements
in particular demonstrate that such dominant concept
was differently engaged and autonomously manifested
throughout several elements of corporeality. While
majority of communities preferred particular gender
or medium within human representations, others
were more focused on the modeling of sexless and
abbreviated bodies in clay. The production patterns
of figurines or anthropomorphic house models in
some settlements indicate relationship with intramural
burials of specific age or sex groups. Therefore this
publication presents the current stage of research
and broad-spectrum explication of archaeological
features related to human body and simultaneously
proposes particular case studies in order to assert the
local principles and practices.
The figurines were recurrently part of the discus-
sions regarding their classification and explanation.
Their typology and chronological features are already
defined, but there are no unified concordances on
their significance, use or depicted characters. De-
spite the issues related with burials, the ambiguity
of figurine explication generated bipolar division
among archaeologists who proposed several direc-
tions of their interpretation. On one hand there was a
group claiming that figurines are miniatures ceramic
goddesses’, while the other tried to explain them as a
represented individuals. Nevertheless, in this case the
represented characters is not discussed, but the major
focus is on their context, materiality, iconography and
frequency in settlements concerning the processes
associated with the social and symbolic aspects of
corporeality. In that context, not only the figurines,
but also other artifacts associated with human body
will be regarded, such as models representing both
houses and people.
Miniaturism, actual representation, stylization
and hybridism are the major iconographical com-
ponents embedded within Neolithic anthropomor-
phic representations. The first three components
are related to figurines, their size and accentuation
or neglect of particular corporeal features, while
the fourth is specific for the artifacts setting human
body in a relation to house, pottery, tablets, ovens or
stamps. This is explicated throughout figurines and
anthropomorphic models found in the Republic of
Macedonia, as they provide initial regional perspec-
237
Foije fitlyuoi;. HeomuiCKu tpnêypmu eo Mmepomija
tive of the priorities emphasized through represented
bodies. There are 289 Neolithic figurines published
from this region so far, although in this occasion also
those not presented in monographs and reports are
considered and are part of the current archaeological
analyses. Only the figurines from several settlements
are comprehensively examined due to the quantity
and visual ratio inducing imagery preferences and
employment of favored features. Also micro-regional
features are concerned as they are mainly embedded
within gender and body accentuations among the
miniature human representations (figurines) and
hybrid artifacts such as anthropomorphic models,
vessels and ‘altars’.
There is a variety of discussions on the figurine
gender which produced the divergence in their in-
terpretation. One side constantly accents the female
aspects of the figurines, additionally affirming the
Neolithic societies as matriarchal and the figurines as
its religious substitute. As response to these interpre-
tations a new generation of archaeologists emerged
and more carefully approached towards the definition
of the figurine gender. They question the frequency
of female representation and assert the prevalence
of figurines without depicted sex. Notwithstanding,
the recent statistics reconsidering figurines ’ gender
features in Macedonia verifies that most numerous are
female representations among those with elements of
sex. This is confirmed by the most apparent elements
on the figurines body i.e. presence of primary (geni-
talia) and secondary sex features (breasts, buttocks,
hand position and modes of deliberate fragmentation).
Consequently, there are only 8 figurines with male
genitalia among 289 anthropomorphic miniatures in-
cluded in publications. In spite of that, the represented
pubis, breasts, accented thighs, hands placed on the
torso and purposeful fragmentation of the legs and
head which are considered as female attributes are
present on 128 figurines. Other miniatures provid-
ing elements of gender belongs to sexless (49) and
androgynous (3) representations while many other
fragments are hard to be determined. Such generalized
statistics indicate that most numerous are female and
sexless figurines while only few bear the apparent
male or androgynous features. The high frequency
of female figurines in the archaeological reports,
monographs and exhibition catalogues is also due
to authors’ decision to include the most impressive
anthropomorphic objects as illustrations. However,
the figurines unearthed in other parts of the Balkan
and published so far, confirms partially similar sta-
tistical ratio although their number should be further
tested in order to consider such delicate generalized
review based on reports or monographs.
In spite of that, when the figurines from some
sites are individually documented and processed
the opposite ratio is displayed concerning the repre-
sented gender and body features. This is witnessed
by two Neolithic sites in Macedonia which are the
only presented in monographs so far. One is located
in the Ovce Pole region (Amzabegovo), while the
other in Pelagonia plain (Porodin) and both provide
the most detailed understanding of figurine produc-
tion and disposition. In Amzabegovo particularly
54 figurines are elaborated in total, of which 7 are
female, none is male or androgynous, while 19 are
sexless, and there are also many small parts to be
considered for gender analysis. The female figurines
are rare and just 2 have genitalia, on 4 breasts are
applied, 1 have represented stomach, 6 of them
are with accented thighs, while there is none with
hands. It can be concluded that the major focus
on Amzabegovo figurines has been on intentional
neglect of sex resulting with the lack of represented
body features. Despite Amzabegovo case, among
32 published figurines from Porodin excavations
even 20 are female, 1 male, 1 bisexual and only 3
are sexless, while the other fragments are hard to be
determined. On 13 figurines there are applied breasts,
10 have accented thighs, on 7 the arms position is
associated with torso, the stomach is visible on 4
and only 1 has represented genitalia. This clearly
demonstrates that the female attributes were more
important in Porodin, also involving breasts, thighs,
arms position and deliberate fragmentation.
This examination of figurines from two sites in
different Macedonian geographical areas illustrates
that Neolithic communities were not sharing the same
iconographie principles when the human body was
represented. This is confirmed on even more local
level when the figurines from neighboring settle-
ments in one region are set in particular ratio. The
case studies regarding figurines from five Neolithic
sites in Macedonia even verify the different technical
practices employed among neighboring communi-
ties. Regarding the human body representations in
Govrlevo and Zelenikovo in Skopje region, it is
evident that there are 13 figurines and 159 anthro-
pomorphic objects (models, vessels and stamp) in
the first case, while the later confirms 83 figurines
and only 12 fragments of embodied models and
vessels. The uncommon preference of miniatures or
anthropomorphic hybrids is also present in Pelago-
nia, so that in Rakle the main focus is on figurines
238
Neolithic figurines in Macedonia
(21) while the anthropomorphic vessels are almost
disregarded (1), in spite of Slavej and Topolcani
where the house models with human features are
more present (52 i.e. 23) than figurines (14 i.e. 5).
If the same statistical approach is applied to Ovce
Pole it is evident that publications regarding Amz-
abegovo, Tarinci and Gorobinci confirm the major
focus on figurines rather than on anthropomorphic
vessels or models. Namely, there are 12 figurines
published from Tarinci and only 1 anthropomorphic
vessel, as well as in Gorobinci where the number of
figurines is also 12 while there are just 2 fragments
that resemble the cylinder and cube of house mod-
els. As it was stated before, there are 52 published
figurines from Amzabegovo, but only 6 fragments
of anthropomorphic vessels/models.
If these sites are still considered also the pref-
erence towards gender features is evident, with
majority representing female and sexless individu-
als and barely five depicting penis. Regarding the
anthropomorphic models, their gender features
are scarce and only few comprise female features
(genitalia, breasts and stomach in state of pregnancy )
in spite of male representations which are not still
recorded. The elements of identity and gender are
witnessed on dozen of anthropomorphic house mod-
els depicting various types of hairstyles and mas-
sive hands placed on the thighs i.e. cube (a female
posture also specific for figurines). In addition to
the micro-regional iconographical affinities associ-
ated with these artifacts it should be stressed that
in Skopje region entire visual concentration is on
the upper anthropomorphic cylinders and especially
on their stylized faces, hair, breasts, abdomens or
hands, while the house is modeled as a cube with
round or rectangular openings. In spite of that, the
anthropomorphic hybrids in Pelagonia are rich with
architectonic details on house models and the cylin-
ders bear no hand, but depict individual faces. The
Neolithic communities in Pelagonia were largely
focused on symbolic significance of the dwellings,
so besides the anthropomorphic house models also
‘altars’ resembling buildings were often produced.
It could be considered that such intensive symbolic
relationship between community and their dwellings
is much more frequent in Pelagonia than elsewhere
in Macedonia due to the scarcity of these ‘altars’ and
house representations on anthropomorphic models.
This is also a result of the quantity and modes of
establishing and maintaining the settlements (tells)
which implies a construction of new buildings on
the foundations of earlier dwellings.
The similar local varieties are apparent on the
female genitalia representations on figurines, so
those produced by the Pelagonian communities from
Velusina-Porodin cultural group usually consists round
applications with or without two punctures. The pubis
representations on figurines from Amzabegovo-Vrsnik
cultural group are regularly incised as triangles or V
lines. Therefore it is apparent that there were local
preferences in the selection of body parts applied
on anthropomorphic artifacts and they initially or
gradually gained its own regional alternatives. This
is also associated with the character of ceramic
artifact where the human body will be represented,
thus some Neolithic villages preferred to depict its
miniature ‘portrayal’, regardless of other which
were mainly focused on the hybrid relationship
between body and house models, vessels, ‘altars’
or stamps. A comprehensive insight into the ritual
and representative treatment of human body could
significantly provide a more thorough understanding
and explication of these preferences associated with
the represented and buried bodies.
THE PREFERRED CORPOREALITY
IN MICRO-LOCAL CONTEXT
The elaborated overview of the micro-regional prac-
tices in anthropomorphic artifacts production asserts
several spheres where human body is an agent for
affirmation of social components and semiotic prin-
ciples. It is still hard to determine how the body was
actively incorporated in these complex Neolithic
symbolic spheres, but the continuous traditions of
figurine modeling enable the understanding of cor-
poreality of the represented characters, especially if
it set in the relationship with the buried individuals
within Neolithic settlements. The proposed over-
view of figurines and intramural funerary practices
in Macedonia clearly indicates the modification of
universal visual concepts into micro-regional prac-
tices, especially of those inherited from Levantine
or Anatolian traditions.
If the majority of Neolithic sites in the Balkans
and Anatolia are considered it can be determined that
Amzabegovo shows uncommon practices regarding
the deliberate selection of individuals buried inside
settlement which mainly concerns children and female
individuals. They apparently had different status than
that of adults and males, which was not established
on the level of social authority, but was related with
their actual and symbolic involvement in the com-
239
munity upholding and continuity. Recently there is
much more lively research on the children in the
past and their role in the prehistoric societies has
been more accented. The early decease of children
indicates the potential risk for the household and
the community sustenance and therefore the family
becomes more engaged in order to maintain and rouse
the birthrate. This also involves symbolic practices
especially concerning the intramural funerary rituals
beside or bellow dwellings. The selection of buried
female individuals in settlements considered sig-
nificant women in community as well as those who
were exposed to frequent diseases during pregnancy
and childbirth. Some of those in Amzabegovo and
Nea Nikomedeia were even buried with infants or
children, which indicates that this ritual practice is
common only for the settlements where the mortal-
ity of children and women was increased or that
these persons had significant role in the community
and were identified with particular households. As
reflection to such ritual practice these individuals
were probably important on broader symbolic level
which could be manifested in various segments of
Neolithic societies thus including material culture.
Their inhumation underneath or beside the dwell-
ings could have an effect on the symbolic relationship
between the living and deceased members which is
also maintained by the deposition of body or its parts
inside vessels. The Amzabegovo case furthermore
addresses the thorough semiotic liaison between the
infant and vessel intentionally modified for the de-
position of baby into a womblike object. The vessel
itself was embodied with abstract anthropomorphic
character in order to effectively contribute in this
symbolic process. The anthropomorphisation of ves-
sels and frequency of intramural burials in the Early
Neolithic initiated the production of artifacts which
incorporated the human body into a hybrid relation
with the pottery and dwellings. But their quantity in
the settlements is also not regularly present which
points to variety of regional practices regarding the
objects modeled as bodies. The research on several
Neolithic case studies in Macedonia evidently as-
serts more intensive hybrid relationship between
body and ceramic containers than the necessity to
‘portray’ the individual as a miniature. For example,
the preference of anthropomorphic house models
in Govrlevo is more evident in spite of the high
frequency of miniature figurines in Zelenikovo. The
case studies of models and figurines in Topolcani
and Slavej (Pelagonia) are comparable and there the
hybridized models outnumber the figurines as well.
The studies on Zelenikovo, Rakle or Amzabegovo
human representations confirms that the communi-
ties inhabiting these Neolithic villages preferred the
miniatures more in contrast to hybrid artifacts.
The varieties of micro-regional preferences
are also vivid in the domain of figurine production.
The figurines common for the Pelagonian commu-
nities were asserting their gender much more than
those modeled in Ovce Pole, so that the miniatures
in Porodin and Veluska Tumba often depict the
female primary and secondary sex features while
the representations in Amzabegovo and Tarinci are
mainly sexless. It is evident that on these sites the
representation of gender is intentionally omitted,
so that the discussion remains whether their gender
was merely understood or they were perceived as
androgynous individuals. The case of Amzabegovo
could provide one possible explication of this phe-
nomena and especially if the relationship between
frequent infant/child burials and large production
of sexless figurines is considered. The number of
sexless figurines increased as the infant burials de-
creases within settlement which could be deemed
as a symbolic substitution. Also some of the sexless
figurines were deposited (buried) in pits and inside
houses along with prestigious finds, such as painted
pots, marble figurine, axes or animal paw. It is still
hard to be verified, but is worth to propose that chil-
dren were represented on such figurines as there are
many archaic and tribal societies where children are
not regarded as socially or gender-defined individu-
als prior to their initiation. On the other hand, the
frequent intramural burials of female individuals,
prevalence of anthropomorphic artifacts with female
features (vessels, models, ‘altars’ etc.) on other sites
and deliberate fragmentation of particularly female
figurines should be also observed.
Such ritual and imagery concentration towards
female body opens numerous new discussions which
were elaborated in this monograph in regard to the
previous considerations of these issues on Neolithic
figurines. Despite the interpretations of woman as
main metaphor among the Neolithic communities,
the case studies from Macedonia indicates that in
some regions an apparent accent is on infant/children
or sexless representations. In this context also the
preference towards diverse anthropomorphic media
and body parts should be asserted as divergent affini-
ties among two neighboring settlements. It remains
further to be discussed if such production of different
anthropomorphic objects was associated with visual
emphasis of regional identities, a practice common
Neolithic figHrines in ïlaciaionia
for the painted Neolithic vessels and engaged in
various social and symbolic processes for the af-
firmation of autochthonous features. Considering
the practical character of the vessels, their inclusion
in these spheres of the society is estimated, but it
remains unclear if the figurines and models were
the similar manifestation of local identities or were
just a reflection of the different approach in visual
corporeality.
Furthermore, it should not be disregarded that
the variations of produced objects and practiced
rituals were initiated by the confrontation with di-
verse incitements that communities in the Neolithic
Balkans had. The symbolic engagement of body
in various substantial challenges established its
potentials in the embodiment of social reality and
symbolic activities. Such compound iconographical
and ceremonial body employment generated semiotic
representations objectified throughout the miniatures
or anthropomorphic hybrids. They had momentous
impact in the establishment of the community bonds
and hierarchies, and were incorporated in the role of
death within society. If the elaborated anthropomor-
phic figurines, house models and intramural burials
are additionally observed on more local level it will
enable more detailed comprehension of social, sym-
bolic and ritual components of the human bodies and
their representations in the Neolithic.
241
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Naumov, Goce 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)137904193 |
| author_facet | Naumov, Goce 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Naumov, Goce 1978- |
| author_variant | g n gn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043632287 |
| contents | Includes bibliographical references |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952027140 (DE-599)BVBBV043632287 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Macedonia (Republic) / Antiquities Macedonia (Republic) fast Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Macedonia (Republic) / Antiquities Macedonia (Republic) Nordmazedonien |
| id | DE-604.BV043632287 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:31:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Macedonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029046291 |
| oclc_num | 952027140 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 305 pages illustrations 31 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Magor |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Naumov, Goce 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)137904193 aut Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija Goce Naumov Skopje Magor 2015 305 pages illustrations 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englische Zusammenfassung mit dem Titel: Neolithic figurines in Macedonia Includes bibliographical references Text mazedonisch Kyrillische Schrift Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) Antiquities fast Excavations (Archaeology) fast Funde Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Figurine (DE-588)4278059-7 gnd rswk-swf Macedonia (Republic) / Antiquities Macedonia (Republic) fast Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 gnd rswk-swf Nordmazedonien (DE-588)1181214262 g Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 s Figurine (DE-588)4278059-7 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046291&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046291&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Naumov, Goce 1978- Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija Includes bibliographical references Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) Antiquities fast Excavations (Archaeology) fast Funde Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Figurine (DE-588)4278059-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075272-0 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4278059-7 (DE-588)1181214262 |
| title | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija |
| title_auth | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija |
| title_exact_search | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija |
| title_full | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija Goce Naumov |
| title_fullStr | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija Goce Naumov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija Goce Naumov |
| title_short | Neolitski figurini vo Makedonija |
| title_sort | neolitski figurini vo makedonija |
| topic | Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) Antiquities fast Excavations (Archaeology) fast Funde Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Figurine (DE-588)4278059-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Excavations (Archaeology) / Macedonia (Republic) Antiquities Excavations (Archaeology) Funde Neolithikum Figurine Macedonia (Republic) / Antiquities Macedonia (Republic) Nordmazedonien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046291&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046291&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT naumovgoce neolitskifigurinivomakedonija |