Resettlement and extermination of the populations: a syndrome of modern history
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Prague
Historický ústav
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Řada A, Monographia
svazek 60 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister |
| Beschreibung: | Obsahuje bibliografii, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík |
| Beschreibung: | 617 Seiten Diagramme 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788072862603 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Introduction | ZLATICA ZUDOVA-LESKOVA
Resettlement and Extermination of the Populations - Fixed Part
of Human History......................................... 11
Part I.
Resettlement and Extermination of the Populations - the Theories
and the Plans (and the Facts)
Chapter 1 | ZLATICA ZUDOVA-LESKOVA
Resettlement and Extermination of Inhabitants. A Syndrome
of the History of the 20th Century (A Brief Outline)...... 23
Chapter 2 ] PETR PROKS
The Plans of the Great Powers on Solution for Constitutional
and National Problems in Central Europe in 1914-1918/1919
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, France, the United Kingdom,
the United States)............................................... 37
Chapter 3 | OLEKSANDER KRAVCHUK
The Disintegration of Multinational Empires at the End of the World
War I in the Estimations of Thomas Garrigue Masaryk.............. 69
Chapter 4 | MICHAL SMIGEL - PAVOL TISLIAR -
BRANISLAV SPROCHA
Ethnic Cleansings and a Concept of Ethnically Homogenous States
in Europe (In the Context of Historical Experience and Memory) . 85
Chapter 5 | ONDREJ ZiLA
From a Multi-Ethnic Blending to Hegemony: The Reconstruction
of Ethno-Demographic and Spatial Impacts of the Civil War in Bosnia
and Herzegovina ............................................... Ill
Part II.
Resettlement and Extermination of the Populations - the Facts
(and the Theories and the Plans)
Chapter 6 | ELENA BELOVA
Resettlement of the South Slavs in New Russia during
the Russian-Turkish War between 1768 and 1774.................. 141
Chapter 7 | LYNDALL RYAN
The Raw Wool Industry, Frontier Massacres and the Dispossession
of Australia s Indigenous Peoples, 1820-1851 ................... 155
Chapter 8 | JANA SKERLOVA
Population Migration in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia
in the 20th Century............................................ 169
Chapter 9 | EMIL VORACEK
Forced Deportations of USSR Nations in the 1930s and 1940s.
“A Purgatory for Those Alive” (Selected Problems) ............. 197
Chapter 10 | JAN RYCHLlK
Freedom of Movement and Emigration in the Habsburg Empire
and Czechoslovakia 1848-1989................................... 219
Chapter 11 | JINDRICH DEJMEK
The Partition of India and the Creation of Pakistan in the Summer
of 1947: the Ideological Roots and Population Consequences .... 239
Part III.
Nazi “New Europe” and its Corollary -
the End of Europe’s World Prestige
Chapter 12 | VOJTECH KYNCL
“New Europe” - the Nazi Plan from the Perspective of Resettlement
of Nations. The origins of the Nazi “New Europe”...........
259
Chapter 13 | MICHAL SCHVARC - MATEJ HANULA
“Rückführung Südost” Evacuation of German Population
from Slovakia 1944/1945 as Part of a Nazi “Volkstumspolitik”
in Southeastern Europe during the Final Phase of World War II..... 281
Chapter 14 | JAN KUKLIK - JAN NEMECEK
Displacements, Expulsions and “Transfers” of German Minorities
and German Population in Central Europe between 1944 and 1947.
Czechoslovak Case Study in Comparison with Poland ................ 317
Chapter 15 | MAREK KORNAT
The Problem of the Resettlement of German Population from
the Territories Incorporated into Poland after World War II
in the Proposals of the Polish Government in Exile (1942-1945) ... 373
Chapter 16 | JÖRG ROESLER
Resettlement of Germans from New Poland in West Germany
and in East Germany after WWII American zone. Similarities
and Differences in Treatments by the Authorities and in Results
of Integration.................................................... 389
Part IV.
Czechoslovakia and its Migration Policy (1918-1992)
Chapter 17 | VACLAVA HORCAKOVA
Czech (and Czechoslovak) Historiography on the Causes,
Mechanisms and Consequences of Migrations of Nations in the Years
1918-1989. Literature from the Years 1945-2014................ 409
Chapter 18 | JAROSLAV VACULlK
Re-emigration of the Czechs and Slovaks after World War I
and World War II ............................................. 445
Chapter 19 | HELENA NOSKOVA
Post-War Migrations in the Borderland and Dispersion of the
“Untrustworthy” Population due to Political Pressure ......... 471
Chapter 20 | FRANTlSEK CAPKA ...
To the Process of Resettlement of the Czech Border Areas after
the World War II .......................................... 483
Chapter 21 | JANA BURESOVA
The Emigration and Exile from Czechoslovakia to Australia
in the 20th Century.......................................... 497
Chapter 22 | JIRl FRIEDL
Returning Home and Leaving for Freedom. The Role
of Czechoslovakia during the Migrations of Polish Citizens
from 1945 to 1948 ........................................... 525
Chapter 23 | KONSTANTINOS TSIVOS
The Greek immigration in Czechoslovakia (1948-1989):
Arrival, Process of Settlement, Legal Status, Repatriation .. 539
Summary...................................................... 557
Abbreviations ............................................... 573
Selected Bibliography ....................................... 579
Journals (Selected) ......................................... 601
About the Authors ........................................... 603
Thanks ...................................................... 609
Index of Names .......................................... 611
Summary
Chapter 1 | ZLATICA ZUDOVA-LESKOVA
Resettlement and Extermination of Inhabitants.
A Syndrome of the History of the 20th Century (A Brief Outline)
The paper describes symptoms that inspired relocations and exterminations
of the populations, simultaneously elevating them into higher forms of sophis-
tication - the two typical syndromes of the 20th-century European history,
which accompanied immigration movements, particularly forced movements
provoked by violence that resulted in new, perfectly organized and systematic
forms of violence. The established problem of relations between fundamental
political decisions conceived by the two world wars, the Cold War, but also the
fall of the Iron Curtain on the one hand and social processes, their causes and
consequences on the other hand, is not tackled by the author. In a few years at
the beginning of the 20th century, Europe experienced euphoria of its world
dominance, which was lost in the middle of the century as the result of these
world wars. The foundations to its recovery were laid at the end of the century,
but the goal was (and still is) incredibly demanding. The almost continuous
state of war and the disputes largely characterized the 20th century (especially
from Europe’s perspective) as a century of wars and refugees - a ‘century of
people without homeland”. In her effort to find an escape from the almost
continuous involuntary relocations of Europe’s (but not only Europe’s) popu-
lation, the author believes that understanding and naming all of their causes
can create a path to prevention of atrocities that became their essence. How-
ever, it can be a mere chimera. After all, violence was, just at the turn of the
modern-age century, elevated to a “natural” component of our life, a life trend,
which even acquired an important position in the show business, thus force-
fully entertaining... How can we prevent this trend?
558
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
Chapter 2 | PETR PROKS
Plans of the Great Powers on Solution o Constitutional and National
Problems in Central Europe in 1914-1918/1919 (Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, the United States)
The World War I was the most horrendous conflict, which the, human civili-
zation had never experienced before. It was also a crucial turning point in
modern history, because the previous trends culminated in this war confron-
tation and clashed with the accumulated problems of the world. This apoca-
lyptic conflict initiated numerous revolutionary changes in the development
of human civilization, which significantly marked the history of the entire
20th century in a way that we have to deal with their consequences today. The
war also radically changed the destiny of Central Europe. In the end, under
the impact of escalating economic, social, ethnic, political and constitutional
issues, as well as result of wartime defeat of Austria-Hungary, it disintegrated
into individual “recipient” states. Europe, This meant a completely new system
of government and creation of entirely new frontiers in Central Europe among
the “successor” states. Both world wars stridendy intervened into the constitu-
tional, social, ethnic and national composition of Central Europe. The aim
was to create ethnically homogeneous states in order to avoid further con-
flicts, yet each state retained numerous ethnic minorities that became a source
of other ethnic disputes.
Chapter 3 [ OLEKSANDER KRAVCHUK
Disintegration of Multinational Empires at the End of the World War I
in the Estimations of Thomas Garrigue Masaryk
The article shows T G Masaryks philosophical perception of World War I as
a crisis of European civilization. In addition, the author reveals Masaryks po-
litical assessment of the World War as a struggle of the democratic Entente
states with absolutist, multinational empires, in which the problem must be
solved by small nations (stateless people) in Central and Eastern Europe. In
the article, we can see how the first president of the Czechoslovak Republic
evaluated geopolitical consequences of disintegration of the multi-ethnic
empires and the origin of the independent states in Central and Eastern Eu-
rope as a display of democratization, one of the signs of emerging of a New
Europe - an aggregate of large and small states equal in their rights. The article
SUMMARY
559
shows Masaryks attitude to the principle of national self-determination, the
problem of national minorities in post-war Europe and his rejection of migra-
tion of ethnic communities as a means of resolving the issue of national mi-
norities and his commitment to democratic conception of policy towards mi-
norities.
Chapter 4 | MICHAL SMIGEE - PAVOL TI$LIAR - BRANISLAV SPROCHA
Ethnic Cleansings and a Concept of Ethnically Homogenous States
in Europe (In the Context of Historical Experience and Memory)
Ethnic cleansing has its characteristic marks and covers a wide range of phe-
nomena from the pressure to resettlement (on the one side) and genocide (on
the other side of spectrum) as the highest form of collective violence. Among
these extremes, there are various variants of transfers - deportation and dri-
ving out, shifts and resettlements, population exchanges. The phenomenon
that is common to all cleansings, however, involves liquidation of undesirable
people with certain typical features (ethnicity, religion, race etc.). Ethnic
cleansings took place periodically and they have an increasing tendency. How-
ever, it is possible to define their features and manifestations, to understand
them and their evolution through comparative history. The given article con-
siders ethnic cleansing a product of conception of ethnically homogenous
state, which developed in the first half of the 20th century under the influence
of exemplary transfers of population after the World War I and not only du-
ring, but also after the end of World War II. Its aim is to show contemporary
perception of issues connected with ethnic cleansing in the context of histori-
cal experience and from the perspective of historical memory (based on se-
lected conflicts) and to point to some polemics and opinions on their impacts
and dimensions.
Chapter 5 | ONDREJ ZILA
From a Multi-Ethnic Blending to Hegemony: The Reconstruction
of Ethno-Demographic and Spatial Impacts of the Civil War
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The presented article seeks to combine two approaches - i.e. apply a bottom-
up and top-down perspective - in order to reconstruct the current national
560
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina as accurately as possible. The first part of
the paper offers a quantitative analysis of the repatriates and identifies the dif-
ferences in minority repatriation to Bosnia and Herzegonia and the so-called
Republika Srpska, the repatriation success in the case of the three constituent
nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the differences in repatriation to the
urban or, in contrast, the rural environment. The second part of the article
focuses on assessment of the consequences of forced migration in the context
of the not-exactly-successful minority repatriation, i.e. it offers an analysis of
the demographic and territorial impacts on the territorial changes of the spa-
tial definition of the constituent nations. The last part of the paper is an
attempt to present a reconstruction of the national structure of the country
that would be as accurate as possible.
Chapter 6 | ELENA BELOVA
Resettlement of the South Slavs in New Russia during
the Russian-Turkish War between 1768 and 1774
In the 1760s, Poland was subject to a struggle between supporters of Pro-Rus-
sian and Western European politics. To strengthen its influence, the govern-
ment of Catherine the great invaded the territory of Poland. Turkey decided to
protect its borders in Europe and waged a war against Russia. Fierce fighting
on the right Bank of the Danube led to mass immigration of the Bulgarians.
Forty thousand people moved between 1771 and 1773 on the left Bank of the
Danube. The Russian government gave the settlers benefits. Many Bulgarians
joined the Bug Cossack troops. They were given land in the new Russia. How-
ever, the Russian government was not consistent in its promises. The living
conditions were severe. The Bulgarian Cossacks fled to Poland and Turkey.
Chapter 7 | LYNDALL RYAN
The Raw Wool Industry, Frontier Massacres and the Dispossession
of Australia’s Indigenous Peoples, 1820-1851
For most of the 20th century, Australian historians considered the British colo-
nisation of Australia and the virtual disappearance of the Indigenes as com-
pletely unrelated events. A fresh examination of the archival sources reveals
a more brutal reality. The British colonists it appears regularly used the stra-
SUMMARY
561
tegy of frontier massacre to suppress the Indigenes and dispossess them of
their homelands.
How can we find the evidence of frontier massacre? What are the characte-
ristics? How can we know? To address these questions, the paper deploys new
typologies of frontier massacre to identify its characteristics and then applies
them to the sources of evidence in two regions that were originally part of the
original colony of New South Wales: Van Diemens Land 1823-1831; and the
Port Phillip District 1836-1851.
The paper makes two important findings. First is that the development of
the raw wool export industry between 1820 and 1851 provided the pre-condi-
tions for frontier massacre. Second is that frontier massacres were responsible
for the deaths of between 40 and 50 percent of Indigenes killed in each region.
The paper concludes that the typologies can now be used to other regions of
the original colony of New South Wales and in other parts of Australia.
Chapter 8 | JANA SKERLOVA
Population Migration in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia
in the 20th Century
The reasons for forced migration from the territory of former Yugoslavia gen-
erally involved military conflicts that repeatedly and deeply affected the his-
tory of this region, from the First and Second Balkan Wars and the World
War I at the beginning of the 20th century, to the World War II at its midpoint,
and the Balkan wars at its very end. It was this last great conflict that played
out in the territory of former Yugoslavia that caused the largest wave of migra-
tion in Europe since the World War II, affecting 4 000 000 people and signifi-
cantly transforming the ethnic map of the region. The successor states to Yu-
goslavia also experienced a myriad of problems later with repatriation and
reintegration of refugees. The international community led by the European
Union, which invested great efforts and resources into the whole process, also
attempted to assist the area of former Yugoslavia with its return to normal
conditions. However, the entire region is still coming to terms with the after-
math of the wars and the population displacements created by them.
562
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
Chapter 9 | EMIL VORACEK
Forced Deportations of USSR Nations in the 1930s and 1940s.
“A Purgatory for Those Alive” (Selected Problems)
During the first three decades of the Soviet Unions existence, forced deporta-
tions of the populations served as one of the political tools in this country.
Research on this issue, which intensified after breakdown of the USSR after
opening of the archives, more or less confirmed findings that had been known
earlier in the Western historiography. At the same time, the new research
brought new questions oriented at the progress of these deportations, their
mechanism, outcomes and overall impact for the contemporary society in the
USSR. The authors work is mostly based on his own long-lasting research in
Russian archives.
Chapter 10 | JAN RYCHLÎK
Freedom of Movement and Emigration in the Habsburg Empire
and Czechoslovakia 1848-1989
At present, most of the countries are faced with the problem of illegal immi-
gration. In the Communist countries, however, the main issue was not pre-
venting unwelcomed foreigners from entering the country, but, on the con-
trary, restricting the citizens in their right to go abroad. With the exception of
Yugoslavia, all of the so-called socialist countries more or less restricted travels
of their citizens abroad. The following essay presents a survey of the phenom-
ena in former Czechoslovakia. It also compares the post-World War II situa-
tion with the pre-war situation and mainly the situation in old Austria-Hun-
gary back to the middle of the 19th century. Conclusion: unlike the Austrian
authorities or first Czechoslovak Republic, following 1945, the authorities did
not allow their citizens to travel freely and the system became even more re-
stricted after 1948. It relaxed in 1963 but the new restrictions were imposed in
October 1969. Czechoslovakia restricted travels of its citizens abroad and spe-
cially emigration much more than, for example, Yugoslavia, Poland or Hun-
gary. Despite the reforms introduced in 1987 and 1988, the restrictions re-
mained in force until the end of the regime in December 1989.
SUMMARY
563
Chapter 11 | JINDRICH DEJMEK
The Partition of India and the Creation of Pakistan in the Summer of 1947:
the Ideological Roots and Population Consequences
The birth of independent India and Pakistan in August 1947 presented a mile-
stone in an emancipation movement of nations in the so-called third world. At
the same time, however, it initiated a tragedy in the form of probably the most
massive transfers of populations - the Hindus from the future Pakistan and the
Muslims from the future Republic of India. The dispute between both reli-
gious communities, complicated also by political and social aspects, had deep
historical roots, which had affected even the previous fight for independence.
From the end of the 19th century, the Indian policy was governed by the secu-
lar Indian National Congress whose leader (and founder of the future Repu-
blic of India) Jawaharlal Nehru enriched its programme with socialist ele-
ments. The fight for establishment of a Muslim state, the future Pakistan, was
conducted by a religiously oriented Muslim League, although its leader Ali
Jinnah was quite indifferent in the religious matters. The first violent deporta-
tions of the heterodox persons (and also massacres) had occurred before the
actual declaration of independence. In the following period, these processes
gained a mass character, which some of the Indian historians compare with
the holocaust. According to the latest research, about 17 million people were
affected by these forced relocations between 1947 and 1950, when only
14,5 million found refuge in the land of their fellow-believers, i.e. India, Paki-
stan but also East Pakistan (todays Bangladesh). The number of direct victims
of these violent events probably reached a seven-figure sum.
Chapter 12 | VOJTECH KYNCL
“New Europe” - the Nazi Plan from the Perspective
of Resettlement of Nations
The Origins of the Nazi “New Europe”
Before World War I, German nationalists cried for a “new Europe”; conse-
quently, it was sought by European politicians of the victorious powers after
this war, the Nazis were badly longing for it in the 1930s and it was completed
during the era of the Cold War. The fact remains that twelve years of the Nazi
domination, of which six years represented a military campaign, show both
the effort to implement some sort of order to ethnically diversified Europe and
564
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
also irreversible destruction of such order in the spirit of Malthuzianistic con-
viction. Indeed, from the estimated total number of 55 million victims, 35 mil-
lion were civilians (of whom 10 million were children). The racial “New Eu-
rope” project focused mainly on complete redesigning of eastern occupied
territories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states. The main plan of
such a racial conversion was written by Heinrich Himmler and his collabora-
tors in 1940. Generalplan Ost appeared in a more precise form in June 1941
and a year later, it was revised and further specified. Extermination and Ger-
manization of Slavic nations had been a goal until January 1943. After the
military defeat at Stalingrad, this doctrine was transformed into an effort to
create a belt of satellite nations. Although Generalplan Ost was never officially
cancelled, in the summer of 1944 it became clear that it could not be imple-
mented.
Chapter 13 | MICHAL SCHVARC - MATEJ HANULA
“Rückführung Südost”. Evacuation of German Population from Slovakia
1944/1945 as Part of a Nazi “Volkstumspolitik” in Southeastern Europe
during the Final Phase of World War II
The evacuation of ethnic Germans from the countries of south-eastern Eu-
rope at the end of World War II is not a very frequent theme in European
historiography. The outcomes on this topic are partial and without wider con-
textual considerations. The only exception is a short section consisting of six
pages in a monograph by Valdis O. Lumans: Himmlers Auxiliaries. The Volks-
deutsche Mittelstelle and the German national Minorities of Europe 1933-
1945. The evacuation was different from the relocating event between 1939
and 1941. The planned role for the ethnic Germans was not Germanize the
new “Lebensraum” as was the role of relocated Germans (“Umsiedler”) from
eastern and south-eastern Europe. Instead, following the turnaround at the
battlefield, their supposed role was return to their fatherland and serve as an
important tool of Nazi “Volkstumspolitik”. The goal of the office of Reichs-
komisariat for the Strengthening of German Nationhood was not only protec-
tion of several hundred thousand German lives, but more significantly, pre-
servation of the “biological“ substance of the German nation as a whole. The
evacuation from Slovakia can be considered a partially forced migration, be-
cause the order to evacuate approximately 130 thousand ethnic Germans from
Slovakia was issued personally by the Reich Commissioner for the Strengt-
SUMMARY
565
hening of German Nationhood Heinrich Himmler. The action was not iso-
lated. It was planned and coordinated with similar relocations of entire Ger-
man enclaves from Romania, occupied Serbia, Croatia and Hungary. In our
paper, we seek to consider this broader context and come up with a compari-
son. An analysis of measures taken by qualified Reich offices in order to accept
the mass of 400 thousand evacuated people and the plans for their participa-
tion in war effort during the final stage of World War II is equally important.
Another interesting partial problem related to this topic is the evacuation or
- in other words - theft of “German” treasures and archive sources from the
eastern European countries.
Chapter 14 | IAN KUKLlK - JAN NEMECEK
Displacements, Expulsions and “Transfers” of German Minorities
and German Population in Central Europe between 1944 and 1947.
Czechoslovak Case Study in Comparison with Poland
The approaching end of World War II and especially advance of the Red Army
put more than 10 million Germans on the “eastern” territories annexed by the
German Reich during German aggressions on the move. The process affected
territories of the Baltic States, Poland, Hungary, the Balkans and also the re-
stored Czechoslovakia as well as the pre-war German Reichs regions, mainly
Eastern Prussia. The decisive factor in the post-war relocations of populations
included inter-allied talks on the territorial and minority issues in Europe,
where the inter-war minority protection concept was not to be repeated. The
German minorities, which were regarded one of the main causes of the war,
were to be “transferred” to Germany. This coincided with the proposed chan-
ges of the borders, noticeable especially in Poland. Transfers of German mi-
norities in respect of Poland, Czechoslovakia and South-Eastern Europe had
already been determined during the war by the Allied Great Powers as a ne-
cessary precondition for stabilization of Central Europe in particular, which
was confirmed by Article XII of the Potsdam Conference protocol of 2nd Au-
gust 1945 that declared relocation of the Germans from Poland, Czechoslova-
kia and Hungary.
566
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
Chapter 15 | MAREK KORNAT
The Problem of the Resettlement of German Population from
the Territories Incorporated into Poland after World War II
in Proposals of the Polish Government in Exile (1942-1945)
In total, six concluding points can be formulated: (1) the idea of resettlement
of the German population appeared in Polish political circles in London no
earlier than Autumn 1942; (2) an internal discussion between the Polish
leaders in exile on the problem of ‘population transfer” ensued; (3) Polish
leaders were convinced of the necessity of territorial compensation for the
German aggression in September 1939 and this point of view was unanimous;
(4) Nazi extermination policy in occupied Poland and mass crimes became
the major argument for the radical territorial solution and the “population
transfer” in the geopolitical planning of Polish political elites in exile and the
government under Prime Ministers Sikorski and Mikolajczyk; (5) in the
course of war events, the Polish territorial program was steadily becoming
more radical - firstly the exile leaders spoke only on rather moderate territo-
rial acquisitions (Eastern Prussia, Free City of Gdarisk/Danzig and Upper Sile-
sia), to finally demand the Order-Neisse Line; (6) in the political proposals of
the government in exile, we see settlement and the “population transfer” as
a direct connection between the questions of the new western border. In other
words, Polish leaders wanted not only to incorporate new territories in the
West but also to keep the nationally homogenous character of the State.
Chapter 16 | JÖRG ROESLER
Resettlement of Germans from New Poland in West Germany
and in East Germany after World War II American zone.
Similarities and Differences in Treatments by the Authorities
and in Results of Integration
The paper concentrates on relocations of people of the German origin from
Poland to East and West Germany, especially the Soviet and British Occupa-
tion Zone. The share of expellees from regions that became part of New Po-
land, which experienced geographical gains in the west and losses in the East,
compared with Interwar Poland, of all German refugees from East and South
East Europe, the Western zones of Germany received 59%; in the Soviet
Occupation Zone, the number was even higher, counting 65% at the end of
SUMMARY
567
1946 and 76 % at the end of 1948. The problems and developments connected
with the refugees are representative mostly for German refugees from all east
European and south European countries to the British, Soviet and American
zone of occupation, i.e. for the GDR and the FRG.
Chapter 17 | VACLAVA HORCAKOVA
Czech (and Czechoslovak) Historiography on the Causes,
Mechanisms and Consequences of Migrations of Nations
in the Years 1918-1989. Literature from the Years 1945-2014.
This paper presents an overview of works produced by Czechoslovak and
Czech historiography on the issue of forced migration from 1945 to the pre-
sent. It is primarily based on the inventories “The bibliography of the Czech
Lands (formerly The bibliography of the history of Czechoslovakia)” and on
databases of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences (http://biblio.
hiu.cas.cz/). With the exception of the 1960s, the Cold War period was not
favourable for the Czech historiography to address a number of topics inclu-
ding the forced migration due to political and nationalistic reasons. Hence
a special attention is paid to the historiography from the 1960s and to the most
recent literature published after 1989.
Chapter 18 | JAROSLAV VACULlK
Re-emigration of the Czechs and Slovaks after World War I
and World War II
Circumstances connected with return of foreign compatriots after World War
I have not been studied by Czech historiography yet, contrary to reemigration
following World War II. Yet, their clarification is essential for understanding
migration processes following the Great War. It is practically impossible to
separate reemigration of the Czechs and Slovaks settled abroad before the
world war from repatriation of people dragged behind the borders during the
war (e.g. POWs from the Austrian-Hungarian army), because they both pro-
ceeded at the same period of 1918 - 1923 and both groups of returnees fre-
quently returned together. The main reason for the Czechs and Slovaks ree-
migration after World War I and II was, analogous to the Czech and Slovak
immigration during the 19th century, an economical aspect, i.e. improvement
568
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
of the economical position. Reemigration following World War II involved
primarily countries of East-Central Europe, which found themselves under
communist dominion after 1945.
Chapter 19 | HELENA NOSKOVA
Post-War Migrations in the Borderland and Dispersion
of the “Untrustworthy” Population Due to Political Pressure
After World War II, migrants of many nationalities streamed through Central
Europe and Eastern Europe back to their national states after many years or
even centuries. Another wave involved the native population of Ukraine,
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia itself, which was relocated during
sovietization into inhospitable locations - mainly Siberia, thus vacating their
homes for Soviet migrants who came to sovietize these regions. This cruel re-
ality affected the Baltic nations - Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians, but
also the Ukrainians and others. The right to a home vanished in controlled
migration movements starting with voluntary social migrations and ending
with escape, emigration, displacement and “dispersion” of populations of
a different nationality or social class affiliation. We have information on the
cause of these movements, their location and the number of migrants from
numerous publications. However, the literature does not tackle the migra-
tions’ and migrants’ impact on the majority society. Migrations were consid-
ered terminated after the closure of borders. The professional interest focused
only on integration and assimilation into the majority society. After 1989,
however, migrations on our territory were restored and they are a part of each
open society. The rights of national and ethnic minorities were restored. There
are minority clubs of minorities that study their past and require a rectifica-
tion of injustice from the past - e.g. Hungarians and Moravian Croatians.
A retrospective study of post-war migrations and their integration into the
present-day history is a necessary historical source recording the contempo-
rary political situation, institutions and culture, everydayness for understan-
ding the democracy and human rights. After all, some present-day migrations
from former Soviet republics and political events are related to the mentioned
migrations which took place in the former USSR as well as on our territory in
the last century. Uncovering of further historical connections can bring under-
standing of migrations and migrants on our territory as well as understanding
of the situation in Ukraine, and concerns of the Baltic States.
SUMMARY
569
Chapter 20 | FRANTI$EK CAPKA
To the Process of Resettlement of the Czech Border Areas after World War II
The issue of the post war resettlement of the Czech border areas, associated
with forming their new character as parts of the historic Czech Lands holds an
important place in the historiography of the Czech history. It was a journey
into the unknown, into a foreign environment for everyone who had decided
to go to the border areas soon after the end of the war. The situation was ham-
pered by the fact that the border areas were in fact ungoverned after the war.
The first phase - a “pioneer” resettlement period - lasted roughly from May to
mid-September 1945 and was largely spontaneous, without any central man-
agement. Gradually, special offices (in charge of the resettlement), were estab-
lished along with administrative measures such as a Presidential Decree on
the unified management of the internal resettlement. Resettlement offices
were set up in Prague and Bratislava, soon followed by regional settlement
branches. Redistribution of confiscated German properties became centrally
organised in 1946. Basically, we distinguish two forms of settlement: 1) agri-
cultural and 2) non-agricultural (commercial and industrial enterprises and
businesses). This study describes a timetable of resettlement stages and their
basic characteristics. An outline of the overall evaluation of this process is
then summarized into nine basis points.
Chapter 21 | JANA BURESOVA
The Emigration and Exile from Czechoslovakia to Australia
in the 20th Century
Although scientific research into the history of emigration and exile from
Czechoslovakia to Australia in the 20th century is only in its initial phase, it is
possible to present the first findings and conclusions.
Based on facts found in the respective documents and other sources of in-
formation, it is possible, already in this early phase of research into the Czecho-
slovak emigration and exile in Australia, to make a basic comparison as re-
gards the number of people in question, the circumstances, forms and the
general situation between the emigration from Czechoslovakia to Australia in
the first half of the 20th century on one hand and following the communist
regimes rise to power in the second half of the 20th century. The differences
between these two emigration waves were very significant as regards the num-
570
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
bers of people emigrating from Czechoslovakia, their reasons for leaving the
homeland and their situation and life conditions in Australia. In the first half
of the 20th century, about one thousand people left Czechoslovakia for Austra-
lia, while by the end of the 20th century, there were about 18 thousand Czecho-
slovak emigrants there. There was also a crucial difference as regards the pre-
dominant reason for leaving the homeland. The economic reasons were, due
to the communist coup, replaced by ideological and political ones. A big dif-
ference also involved the scope and the form of national, cultural and other
social activities of the Czechs and Slovaks settled in Australia. Although only
a small part of the exiles took part in such activities, the second half of the
20th century was characterized by a major development of national and cul-
tural efforts in the form of association activities, publishing periodicals and
other publications, theatrical performances and radio broadcasts.
Chapter 22 | JIRl FRIEDL
Returning Home and Leaving for Freedom. The Role of Czechoslovakia
during the Migrations of Polish Citizens from 1945 to 1948
The article focuses on the hitherto neglected topic of migrations of Polish
citizens across Czechoslovakia in 1945-1948. The Polish citizens were among
the people most severely affected by forced labour abroad at the time of the
World War II. From the end of the war repatriation, transports were running
across Czechoslovakia from the American occupational zone and a special
repatriation treaty between Czechoslovakia and Poland was signed in Septem-
ber 1945. Czechoslovakia, due to its location in the Central Europe, was
a crossroads for Polish repatriates. Subsequently, thanks to the insufficiently
guarded western frontier, Czechoslovakia was a territory across which it was
easy to get illegally from Poland to the West. Illegal courier routes between the
remnants of Polish anti-communist resistance in Poland and the Polish exile
centres in the West ran across Czechoslovakia as well.
SUMMARY
571
Chapter 23 | KONSTANTINOS TSIVOS
Greek Immigration in Czechoslovakia (1948-1989):
Arrival, Process of Settlement, Legal Status, Repatriation
The Greeks represented the largest group of foreigners over the entire perid of
the communist Czechoslovakia. These individuals were mostly followers of
the Greek communists, i.e. “befriended foreigners” who gave the Czechoslo-
vak regime an opportunity to demonstrate its solidarity and internationalism.
Their presence was also used by the official propaganda as an antipole to thou-
sands of Czechoslovak citizens leaving for western countries. A closer look at
the Greek immigration, based on an analysis of Czech primary sources, sur-
prises not only by the ethnic and linguistic diversity of immigrants from
Greece, but also by the diversity of pathways to adaptation to the Czechoslo-
vak society. This paper deals with the case of approximately 12 thousand
Greek immigrants in Czechoslovakia, focusing on the routes which the Greek
immigrants had to take to go into exile, and their settlement strategies in Su-
detenland. Furthermore, the paper discusses efforts of reunifying immigrant
families, their relocation from villages to urban areas, the legal status of
immigrants and lastly their repatriation to Greece.
Editor’s Note
The published papers (the individual chapters) were editorially modified in
accordance with rules for publication of specialized papers in the Czech His-
torical Review and appended with the publisher (if detected).
Index of names
ADENAUER Konrad 275, 403
AHMAD-PASHA 148
ALLEN Dennis 350
AMMENDE Ewald 264
AMORT Cestmir 414
ARCISZEWSKI Tomasz 380, 384
ATHERTON Ray 343-344
ATTLEE Clement 245, 335
AUERHAN Jan 412, 448,451
BABEROWSKI Jorg 197
BABKA Lukas 434
BADE Klaus Jurgen 32
von BADEN Max 43
BAKER William 327
BALFOUR John 343
BAMBOROUGH O. 369
BARTOS Josef 417, 423
BATMAN John 163
BECKA Jan 459
BEDNARZH/BEDNAR Miloslav 80
BEHRENDS Hermann 286-287
BELL-FIALKOFF Andrew 87, 88, 109
BELOVA Elena 6, 141, 560, 603
BENCKENDORFF Alexander
Khristoforovich 53
BENDA Jan 423
BENES Edvard 79, 100, 105, 319,
323-327, 329-331, 340, 342,
344-346, 348-349, 354-356, 359,
446,484, 489, 574, 604
BERNSHTEYN S. B. 154
BERTON-BRZBOHATY Stanislav 521
von BETHMANN-HOLLWEG
Theobald 40, 41
BEVIN Ernest 376
BEZBORODKO A. A. 154
BELOSEVSKA Ljubov 434
BHARADWAJ Prashant 251
BIBIKOV A. 1.150, 152
von BISMARCK Otto 259
BLODIG Vojtech 432
BOGOMOLOV Alexandr Yefremo-
witch 355
BORMANN Martin 274
BOROVANSKY Eduard 506
BOTU Antula 554
BRANDES Detlef374
BRIAND Aristide 52
BROOME Richard 164, 166
BROUCEK Stanislav 499
BUBENlCKOVA Ruzena 417
BUBENlKOVA Milusa 434
BUCF1ANAN George W. 48
BUKHARIN Nikolai 209
BURESOVA Jana 8, 497, 569-570, 603
BURIAN Istvan 47
BUXTON North 82
BYSTRICKY Valerian 425
CATHERINE II 142-145, 148-151,
153-154, 560
612
CADOGAN Alexander 335
of CASTILE Queen Isabell 199
CHANDHURRI Muhammad 248
CHARLES I. 47
CIGLER Michael 498
CIRONIS Petros 434-435
CHURCHILL Winston Spencer 79,
100, 350, 352, 354-356, 386
CHYSKŸ Vaclav 91
CLAM-MARTINIC Heinrich 46
COOK James 155
CROCKER George N. 385
CURZON George 94
von CZERNIN Ottokar 46
CAPEK Kare! 70
CAPKA Frantisek 8, 439, 483, 569, 603
CAPKOVÁ Katerina 432
CECHUROVÁ Jana 425
DALUEGE Kurt 271
DARRE Walther 262, 269
DARWIN Charles Robert 23
DASTICH Frantisek 368
DAVIS Kingsley 250
DE JE AN Maurice 355
DEJMEK Jindfich 6, 239, 563, 604
DÉRER Ivan 455
DERWIÑSKI Zdzislaw 376
DIETRICH Otto 270
DOLEZAL Jakub 430
DOLGORUKIY V. M. 150
DREKALOVICH Grigorie 147
DRUGININ E. 145
DWYER Philip G. 157-159
ÖURlS Julius 492
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
EDEN Anthony 105, 329, 335,
339-340, 343, 345, 352, 356, 366
EICHMANN Adolf 276
ELIÄS Kvetoslav 518
ESCH Michael G. 373, 381
FEIERABEND Ladislav 323
FERENCZI Imre 25
FIALA Jaroslav 416
FIERLINGER Zdenek 354, 357, 458,
469
FILIPOWICZ Tytus 322
FORTUNOV P. K. 143
FRANK Karl Hermann 273, 363
FRANKL Michal 432
FRIEDL Jifi 8, 511, 570, 604
FRIEDMANN J. 519
FUNDA Petr 507
FUNK Walter 269
GANDHI Mohandas Karamchand
245, 247
GEBHART Jan 423
GEORGE King 82
GEMINDER Bedfich 542
GENGENBACH Karl 271
GESSAY Ignäc 455
GOLITSINA. M. 145-146
GOTTWALD Klement 489, 495
GÖTZ Aly 263
GREIFELT Ulrich 267, 271, 273
GROBELNY Andelin 416
HALECKI Oskar 379
HALIFAX Lord (Edward Frederick
Lindley Wood) 320, 340
HANSA Karel 409,410
HANULA Matej 7, 281, 564, 604
INDEX OF NAMES
613
HARBULOVÂ Lubica 434
HASS Antonín 416
HAUSHOFER Karl 261
HAVEL Vaclav 318
HENLEIN Konrad 264, 298
HENRY VIII 199
von HERDER Johann Gottfried 73, 77,
261
HERLIHI Patricia 141
HERTL Jan 416
von HERTLING Georg 42, 47
HEYDRICH Reinhard 271-273, 317,
324,337,412,426, 521
of HIJAZ Hussein II al-Hashimi
54
HIMMLER Heinrich 266-267, 268,
271-274, 277, 279, 282, 284-285,
289, 292, 295, 299-303, 312,
564-565
von HINDENBURG Paul 276
HITLER Adolf 276, 287, 289, 306,
317-318, 322, 335, 337, 340, 343,
347, 353, 372, 381, 390, 472, 484
HODAC Jifi 520
HORCÄKOVÄ Vâclava 7, 409, 567,
604, 609
HORSKÂ Pavla 420
HOOVER Herbert 96, 105
HOUSER Jaroslav 415
HÖFLE Hermann 276, 300
HRADECNŸ Pavel 435
HUSÄK Gustav 236
IRMANOVÂ Eva 439
JANUSZ Grzegorz 370
JAKSCH Wenzel 344
JARUZELSKI Wojciech 231
JASA Ludëk 427
JEBB Gladwyn Hubert Miles 340
JINNAH Muhammad Ali 239-240,
243-245, 247, 563
KAMENEC Ivan 417
KAMENSKIY M. F. 152-153
KAMMERHOFER Konstantin 289
KAPL1CKŸ Václav 413
KÁRNÍKOVÁ Ludmila 419
KÀRNŸ Miroslav 417
KASCHE Siegfried 289
KAUR Ravinder 249, 253
KHAN Liaquat Ali 255
KHWAJA Asim 251
KISCH Egon Erwin 506
KOCH Robert 23
KOHL Helmut 404
KONECNŸ Zdenëk 415, 427
KOPRIVOVÁ Anastasia 434
KORNAT Marek 7, 373, 566,604-605
KOSTA Tomás 543-545
KOT Stanislaw 386
KOVÁCDusan 315-316
KOVÁRÍCEK Jaroslav 520-521
KRÁL Václav 414
KRAVCHUK Oleksander 5, 69, 558,
605
KRECHETNIKOV M. N. 149
KREJSOVÁ Jaroslava 427
KREYSA Miroslav 492
KRÍZEK Jaroslav 412
KUBÁTOVÁ Ludmila 417-418
KUCERA Vladimir 105
KUKLlK Jan 423
KUKLlK Jan, jr. 7, 317, 425, 565, 605
KULISCHER Eugene M. 32, 107
KUNCEWICZ Tadeusz 534
614
KUNNERT Heinrich 310
KURAL Václav 319, 420, 426
KURÁ2 Rudolf 507
KWAPIÑSKI Jan 380
KYNCL Vojtéch 6, 259,426, 563,604
LAUSMAN Bohumil 491
LEEPER Reginald “Rex” (Wildig
Allen) 321
LEMKIN Raphael 16-17, 33, 86
LENIN Vladimir 1.70
LETTRICH Jozef 458
LHOTOVÁ Markéta424
LICHTENSTÄNDER Siegfried 89
LIPSCHER Ladislav 417
LIPSKI Józef 324,330
LISKOVÁ Marta 519
LORENZ Werner 286, 293, 296
LUDENDORFF Erich F. W. 42
LUDIN Hanns Elard 298-299, 314
LUDWIG Emil 70
LUMAN Valdis O. 564
MABBOTT John David 335-338, 341,
347
MACARTNEY Carlile Aylmer 334
M4CIOR-MAJKA Beata 383
M ACEK Vladko 175
MADAJCZYK Czeslaw 382
MAINUS Frantisek 415, 427
MALÁ Irena 417-418
MALKIN William 342
MAMATEY Albert 455
MARGARES Alekos 553
MASARYK Jan 356, 528
MASARYK Tomás Garrigue 5, 69-84,
449, 456, 558
MAUR Eduard 420
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
MATSA Dmitrij 145
MAYER Karl 270, 274
MEINHOLD Helmut 267, 268
MENDELEEV Dmitri L 23
MELGUNOV S. R 142
MIAN Atif 251
MIKA 521
MIKOLAJCZYK Stanislaw 101,332,
354, 383-384, 386, 566
MITRANY David 341
MOLOTOV Vyacheslav Mikhailovich
97, 384,479
MONTANDON Georg 90
MORAVEC Vaclav 544, 546
MORAWSKIK. 333
MOULIS Miloslav 414
MOUNTBATTEN Louis E 240,248
MUSIN-ZADE Megmed 153
MUSSOLINI Benito 97
MÜLLER Heinrich 271
MÜLLEROVÄ Dora 432
NAIMARKNorman M. 33-34,109
NANSEN Fridtjof 92, 96
NAUMANN Friedrich 41
NECAS Ctibor 414, 418, 423
NEDBÄLEK Frantisek 414, 427
NEDOMA Jifi 82
NEHRU Jawaharlal 239, 243-248,
254-255, 563
NENUTIL Jifi 427
NERMUt Jindrich 519
NESPOR Zdenek R. 421
NEMEC Antonín 450
NEMECEK Jan 7, 317, 565, 605
NICHOLAS II49
NICHOLS Philip Bouverie Bowyer
328-329, 342, 347-348, 356
INDEX OF NAMES
615
NIETZSCHE Friedrich 269
NOIR1EL Gérard 29
NOSKOVÂ Helena 7, 437, 471, 568, 605
OBERLÄNDER Theodor 267,275,
403
OBRESKOVA. M. 144
O’MALLEY Owen 331
ONDRÂSEK Milos 499
OPOCENSKŸ Jan 333
OSUSKŸ Stefan 323
PALÉOLOGUE Maurice M. 48
PANINS P. 1.144,147-148
PAPAZACHARIU Evripidis 553
PASÄK Tomas 414
PAPAS Dimitris 552
PASTEUR Louis 23
PATEL Vallabhbhai J. 248
PAVELIC Ante 175
PEEL William 95-96
PE$EK Jiri 421
PESKA Zdenëk 319
PETHICK-LAWRENCE Frederick
William 246-247
PFITZNER Josef 363
PIECK Wilhelm 404
PISKORSKI Jan 374
POINCARE Raymond 52
POLONYI Pavol 455
POLYAN Pavel 205
POTEMKIN G. A. 153
PRAGIER Adam 380
PRECAN Vilém 420
PREISS Jaroslav 450
PROKS Petr 5,37,558, 606, 609
PROZOROVSKIY A. A. 146
PUGACHEV Jemeljan 152
RACZYftSKI Edward 321,330
RADA Petr 520
RADCLIFF Cyril 248
RADVANOVSKŸ Zdenêk 423-424
von RANKE Leopold 261
RATZEL Friedrich 261
RAU Heinrich 393
REICH Zdenek 521
REICHOVÂ Jana 521
REIMAN Michal 197
REITHINGER Anton 263
REPNIN P. V. 150
RIBBENTROP Joachim 97,284-285
RIPKA Hubert 326-328, 330, 333,
354-355
ROBEK Antonín 431
ROBERTS Frank Kenyon 321,
338-339,342,344, 347
ROBERTSON Brian 401
ROESLER Jörg 7, 389, 566, 606
ROKYTOVÂ Bronislava 432
ROMANOV Nikolai Nikolaevich 49
ROOSEVELT Franklin Delano
100-101, 200, 342, 354-356
ROSENBERG Alfred 264-265,269,
274-275, 278-279
RUMAYNTSEV P. A. 142-143,
146-153
RYAN Lyndall 6,19,155,157-159,
560, 606
RYCHLlK Jan 6, 219, 424, 562, 606
RŸPAR Josef 517-518
RYKOV Alexei 209
SABOL-PALKO Anton 312
SAKH 518
SALTIKOV I. P. 150,153
SARGENT Orme 340,346
616
SAVERY Frank 331
SAZONOV Sergei Dmitrievich 48
SCHECHTMAN Joseph B. 250
SCHOENFELD Rudolf 356
SCHVARC Michal 7, 281, 564, 607
SEMELIN Jacques 157-159
SETON WATSON Robert William 334
SEYDA Marian 324,377-378,380, 386
SHARON Avram 108
SHISHMAREV Vladimir 141
SIKORSKI Wtadyslaw 320-321,325,
373, 375-377, 380-381, 383,
386-387, 566
SINELNIKOV Nikolai Petrovich 199
SINH Hari 254
SKARGINSKIY P. 146
SKYFTIS Takis 553
SLÄDEK Oldfich 414
SLÄDEK Zdenek434
SLÄVIK Juraj 518
SLEZÄK Lubomir 439
SMUTNY Jaromir 105
SMUTS Jan Christiaan 352
SPERLING Juraj 509
STALIN Joseph V. 99-101,197-198,
200-203, 208-209, 214, 332-333,
335, 350, 352, 542
STANEK Stanislav 416
STEINACHER Hans 264
STEINACKER Ruprecht 311
STEINER Bedfich 464
STOJADINOVlC Milan 175
STRANG William 343
STRÄNSKY Jaroslav 323
STRÄNSKY Jifi 484
STRNAD Frantisek 448
STRNISKO Tibor 521
SVETON Jan 412
RESETTLEMENT AND EXTERMINATION OF THE POPULATIONS
SUVOROVA. V. 150,152-153
SZCZEPANSKI Jan 378
SZPORLUK Roman 83
SZYJKOWSKI Marian 526, 528
SIMA Jaroslav 41 1423
SlNDELÄR Josef 534
SlROKY J. 508
SlSLER Stanislav 424,431
SKERLOVÄ Jana 6,169, 561,607,609
SMIDKE Karol 458
SMIGEL Michal 5, 85, 559, 607
SPROCHA Branislav 5, 85, 559, 607
SROBÄR Vavro 445
TEKELY Petr 153
TERRY Sarah M. 373
TISO Jozef 35
TISO Stefan 299
TITO Josip Broz 542
TlSLIAR Pavol 5, 85, 559, 607
TOMSKY Mikhail 209
TOYNBEE Arnold Joseph 334-335
TÖKÖLY 518
TROTSKY Lev 209
TROUTBECK John Monro 329,
346-350
TSIVOS Konstantinos 8, 525, 571, 608
TSVIRKUN V. 141
TUDMAN Franjo 179,187
TZIMAS Andreas 553
VACULlK Jaroslav7, 437, 439, 445,
567-568, 608, 613
YANA Frantisek 520
VANEK Ladislav 521
VARSIK Branislav 311,313
VAVRECKA Hugo 455-456
INDEX OF NAMES
617
VEBER Vaclav 434
VESELt Jindfich 412
VESELt Jin 419
VENIZELOS Eleftherios 93
VISKOVSKY Karel 450, 455
VORACEK Emil 6,197, 562,608
VORONTSOV A. P. 143-144
VOYEYKOV F. M. 149
WALDMANN Peter 405
WANHOFF Adalbert 294,296
WAWELL Archibald 245
WEIBGEN Hans 286-288
WENDLER Richard 279
WERTH Nicolas 200
WETZEL Erhard 275
WILHELM II42,47
WILSON Woodrow 29,43, 55-57,74,
76, 263
WINIEWICZ Jozef 330, 377-379
WITOS Andrzej 332
WITTE Peter 276
WOLSKI Wladyslaw 368
WOJTKOWSKI Edward 532
YAGODA Genrikh 212
ZABA Josef 510-511
ZACHARIADIS Nikos 546
ZALESKI August 321-322
ZAVACKA Marina 421
ZELENKA Antonín 519
ZELINKA Jaroslav 507
ZEMAN Zbynek 365
ZIKA K. 519
ZINOVYEV Grigory 209
ZUDOVA-LESKOVA Zlatica 5,11,20,
23, 557, 608
¿ILA Ondfej5, 111, 559, 608
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13710622X |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043601771 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)942699962 (DE-599)BVBBV043601771 |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Europa Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV043601771 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:30:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1011827-5 |
| isbn | 9788072862603 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029015936 |
| oclc_num | 942699962 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | 617 Seiten Diagramme 22 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Historický ústav |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Řada A, Monographia |
| series2 | Práce Historického ústavu AV ČR = Opera Instituti Historici Pragae Řada A, Monographia |
| spelling | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history Zlatica Zudová-Lešková et alii Prague Historický ústav 2015 617 Seiten Diagramme 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Práce Historického ústavu AV ČR = Opera Instituti Historici Pragae Řada A, Monographia svazek 60 Obsahuje bibliografii, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1900-2000 gnd rswk-swf Nucené vystěhování / Evropa / 20. století czenas Etnické čistky / Evropa / 20. století czenas Deportace / Evropa / 20. století czenas Migrační politika / Evropa / 20. století czenas Národnostní otázka / Evropa / 20. století czenas Forced evictions / Europe / 20th century czenas Ethnic cleansing / Europe / 20th century czenas Deportations / Europe / 20th century czenas Migration policy / Europe / 20th century czenas National question / Europe / 20th century czenas Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd rswk-swf Migrationspolitik (DE-588)4123761-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 s Migrationspolitik (DE-588)4123761-4 s Geschichte 1900-2000 z DE-604 Zudová-Lešková, Zlatica 1957- Sonstige (DE-588)13710622X oth Československá akademie věd Historický ústav (DE-588)1011827-5 isb Řada A, Monographia svazek 60 (DE-604)BV004856116 60 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history Řada A, Monographia Nucené vystěhování / Evropa / 20. století czenas Etnické čistky / Evropa / 20. století czenas Deportace / Evropa / 20. století czenas Migrační politika / Evropa / 20. století czenas Národnostní otázka / Evropa / 20. století czenas Forced evictions / Europe / 20th century czenas Ethnic cleansing / Europe / 20th century czenas Deportations / Europe / 20th century czenas Migration policy / Europe / 20th century czenas National question / Europe / 20th century czenas Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd Migrationspolitik (DE-588)4123761-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063299-4 (DE-588)4123761-4 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4078435-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history |
| title_auth | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history |
| title_exact_search | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history |
| title_full | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history Zlatica Zudová-Lešková et alii |
| title_fullStr | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history Zlatica Zudová-Lešková et alii |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history Zlatica Zudová-Lešková et alii |
| title_short | Resettlement and extermination of the populations |
| title_sort | resettlement and extermination of the populations a syndrome of modern history |
| title_sub | a syndrome of modern history |
| topic | Nucené vystěhování / Evropa / 20. století czenas Etnické čistky / Evropa / 20. století czenas Deportace / Evropa / 20. století czenas Migrační politika / Evropa / 20. století czenas Národnostní otázka / Evropa / 20. století czenas Forced evictions / Europe / 20th century czenas Ethnic cleansing / Europe / 20th century czenas Deportations / Europe / 20th century czenas Migration policy / Europe / 20th century czenas National question / Europe / 20th century czenas Vertreibung (DE-588)4063299-4 gnd Migrationspolitik (DE-588)4123761-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nucené vystěhování / Evropa / 20. století Etnické čistky / Evropa / 20. století Deportace / Evropa / 20. století Migrační politika / Evropa / 20. století Národnostní otázka / Evropa / 20. století Forced evictions / Europe / 20th century Ethnic cleansing / Europe / 20th century Deportations / Europe / 20th century Migration policy / Europe / 20th century National question / Europe / 20th century Vertreibung Migrationspolitik Europa Tschechoslowakei Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029015936&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV004856116 |
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