Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sankt-Peterburg
Aletejja
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Serija "Novaja antičnaja biblioteka: issledovanija"
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 142 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9785914193109 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176340671266816 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Co^epsKaHHe
BBe^eime.............................................................5
3bojuoh;hh HMnepaTopcKoiî bjibcth b anoxy npmm;HiiaTa................23
HoBaa CHCTeMa HMnepaTopcKoiî bjiacTH................................ 32
Tocy^apcTBeHHoe ynpaBJieHHe npH ^HOKJieTiiaHe . . . .................47
1. IJeHTpajiBHBiíí rocyzjapcTBeHHBm annapaT..................... 47
2. 3aKOHO,z3¡aTejEBCTBo h npaBo...................................52
3. A^MHHHCTpaTHBHoe ynpaBJieHue...................................56
ÖKOHOMH^ecKan nojmTHKa flHOKjieTHaHa............................... 64
1. OiraaHCBi h Hajiorosaa nojmTHKa................................64
2. 3æhkt o iüeHax............................................... 74
BoeHHaa pe(J)opMa flHOKJieTHana.................................... 79
PejiHrH03Haa nojiHTHKa /JnoicjieTHaHa................................84
3aKjiK neHHe....................................................... 111
XpoHOJiorna........................................................126
Enorpa | HHecKHH cjiOBapB........................................... 129
CjIOBapB 3THHHeCKHX HáHMeHOBaHHH. . ............................ 136
PeKOMen^yeMaa jiHTepaTypa........................................... 138
Summary............................................................. 140
E31E E3 ii r»i E3 E 3 E pi E13 Eel la cj ii fi ii r»i
|«i C] |«J Lal p3 Cl 1 miC] [3 Cm~| [3 G] [3 C| [3El [3C] [3Cl [3C]
Summary
The reign of emperor Diocletian is one of the important and critical
periods in the history of Rome. Henceforth three is too little in common
with the Empire of I-II centuries A.D. in it. Principate gave place
to Dominate. Just as Augustus had laid the foundation of the State
system existing up to a last quarter of III centure A.D., Diocletian,
having succeeded in transformation of the decrepit principate and in
strengthening of external power of the Empire, created the State system,
that lasted until the very fall of Rome and became a base of the State
system of Byzantine in the East.
The time, preceding Diocletian’s accession to the emperor throne,
was extremely difficult for Rome. The Empire had lost its integrity,
the external power of the State sharply weakened, powerful social
movements constantly shook many provinces. All Gallia was involved
with a grandiose revolt of the bagauds. New states was formed on short
term. Palmira being a little town and the capital of an insignificant state
earlier, turned with amazing speed to a centre of the huge empire, which
captured a large part of east provinces of Rome.
The external wars that sharply undermined prestige of the central
authorities and scattered the myth about invincibility of roman weapon,
had brought hardest defeats to the Romans. In 251 A.D. Roman Army
suffered a terrible defeat in a battle with the Goths at Abritte, where
emperor Decius was also killed. In 260 A.D. Persian king Shapur had
broken the Romans and captured emperor Valerian. For the first time
Rome felt such disgrace. The captive emperor was forced to be a servant of
the king — winner. Such cruel failures promoted reinforcement of social
struggle of oppressed classes and that frightened big land — owners in
provinces very much. From the second half of III centure A.D. they being
to search for an alliance with Roman government and to rally around of
it. The rallying of main forces of the slave — holding class allowed to
restore the unity of Roman State.
Emperor Claudius the Second put a shattering defeat to the Goths in
the battle at Naissus in 269, Emperor Aurelian (270-275 A.D.) destroyed
Summary
141
the Palmyrian and Gallian empires, Emperor Prob (276-282 A.D.)
expelled The Franks from Gaullia and successfully waged on the Moors
in Africa.
At the first years ofreign of Diokletian (284—305 A.D.) the integrity
of the Empire was finally established. Maximian, the fellow — governer
of Diokletian, suppressed the social mivements in Gallia and Nothern
Africa, Diokletian himself quelled the revolt in Egypt, the Domination
of Rome was restored in Britain. The successful wars with the Persian,
the Franks, the Allemmans lifted the foreing — policy authority of Rome
impossible to fix these success without complete transformstion of all
state organism.
The events of II centure A.D. testified about deep changes in the
economic and social life of the Empire. The change of political organization
was inevitable. Only amplification of the state authority, based on a
powerful army and a remified bureaucratic machinery of the State, could
prevent recurrence of the events of middle of III centure A.D.
The task of complite transformation of political organization of the
roman society also was carried out by Emperor Diocletian.
First of all Diocletian decided to create a new system of the imperial
authority. He established the constant institute of co-governors. At
first — diarchy, when the Empire is operated by two emperors one in
the east, other on the west, and then — tetrarchy, when together with
two senior emperors — Augustus — appear the younger ones — Caesars.
With Augustus Diocletian the Caesar was Galerius, with Augustus
Maximian — Constantius Chlorus. In the first, and, by the way, in
the last time in the history of Rome Diocletian attempted to set up an
absolutely precise system of succession to the throne — two Augustus
would be replaced by Caesars, which becoming augustus select new caesars
for themselves. Also there was established a temporary terminator of
government of Augustus — 20 years. The status of the emperor finally
changed too. Henceforth the ruler of Rome was not princeps — the first
in Senate, but he was dominus now — the Master. Dominus et Deus —
Master and Lord — it is an official title of Roman emperors in the epoch
of Dominate. For sthrenghtening prestige of the imperial authority
Diocletian sets up imperial ceremonial at his court, borrowed it from
Sassanian Persia.
Under Diocletian, in connection with establishment of Tetrarchy, the
administrative reform of the Empire was conducted too. The extensive
territories are fixed for each of the tetrarchies: for Diocletian —
Thrakia, Asia Minor, Siria, Mesopotamia, Egypt; for Maximian —
Italy, and Nothern Africa; for Galerius — Greece, Macedonia, Illiria;
142 H. O. Knsi3bKuu. HMnepamop fluoKJiemuaH u 3aKam anmuHnozo Mupa
for Constantius Chlorus — Gallia, Britain and Spain. The number of
provinces is doubled — now there are 100 of them. Italy loses its special
status, turning on an ordinary area of the Empire. Rome, keeping the
status of the capital, loses its role as a residence of the Emperor. The
Roman Senate forteits the status of supreme body of the Empire, turning
to a council on administration of Rome-city. The centre of the Empire
moves to the east.
Diocletian establishes the new tax system, that sirvived the Rome
and was preserved in Byzantine. An attachment farmers to land and
citizens to residence becomes its consequence. The finance is reformed the
monetary system renovates. However the grandious attempt of Diocletian
to set up the rigid state control over prices and incomes of the population
had failed. The last great prosecution of the Christians finished with the
failure too. The Diocletian’s favourite child — Tetrarchy — also couldn’t
survive his reign.
At the same time the political system as a whole, the principal of
taxation, the attachement of estates — all of this outlived Diocletian
for many centuries.
In 305 A.D., after celebrating the triumph in Rome, where the capture
family of Persian king Narses was led through, Diocletian in perfect
accordance with his own statute about 20-years term of administrating
of Augustus, resigned and forced Maximian to do the same.
He moved off in Salon — city in his native Dalmatia, where he lived
up to his decease in 313. He didn’t interfere with political business
anymore. Galerius and Constantius Chlorus became new Augustus. The
Diocletian’s position passed to Galerius.
The importance of the Diocletian’s state reforms consists, first of all
in establishment of the new political system, that was included in the
history of Rome under the name of Dominate. The Roman state becomes
an unlimited absolute monarchy.
It was the epoch of last revival of former glory of the Roman Army,
the occurrence of the new management system and the creation of the
new machinery of the State. At the same time Diocletian was last, who
tried to keep in inviolability the ancient religion of Rome, fighting with
Christianity very cruely. He is the last great oppressor of the Chris-
tians.
The reign of Diocletian is some kind of critical time, when the new
political system was established, but not all elements of the old one was
rejected.
The long reformatory activity of Diocletian testifies, that he was a
person of outstanding energy, state wit and military talent.
|
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| geographic | Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Römisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV043598696 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:30:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785914193109 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029012915 |
| oclc_num | 951676551 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 142 Seiten |
| psigel | gbd_4_1607 |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Aletejja |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Serija "Novaja antičnaja biblioteka: issledovanija" |
| spelling | Knjazʹkij, Igorʹ Olegovič Verfasser aut Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira I.O. Knjazʹkij Sankt-Peterburg Aletejja 2016 142 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Serija "Novaja antičnaja biblioteka: issledovanija" Text russisch, Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Kyrillische Schrift Diokletian Römisches Reich, Kaiser 230-305 (DE-588)118679651 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd rswk-swf Diocletian (284 - 305 n. Chr.) (DE-2581)TH000003983 gbd Diokletian Römisches Reich, Kaiser 230-305 (DE-588)118679651 p Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 g Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029012915&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029012915&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Knjazʹkij, Igorʹ Olegovič Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira Diokletian Römisches Reich, Kaiser 230-305 (DE-588)118679651 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118679651 (DE-588)4076778-4 |
| title | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira |
| title_auth | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira |
| title_exact_search | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira |
| title_full | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira I.O. Knjazʹkij |
| title_fullStr | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira I.O. Knjazʹkij |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira I.O. Knjazʹkij |
| title_short | Imperator Diokletian i zakat antičnogo mira |
| title_sort | imperator diokletian i zakat anticnogo mira |
| topic | Diokletian Römisches Reich, Kaiser 230-305 (DE-588)118679651 gnd |
| topic_facet | Diokletian Römisches Reich, Kaiser 230-305 Römisches Reich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029012915&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029012915&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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