Human rights in transnational business: translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Cham]
Springer
[2016]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | http://www.springer.com/ Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 265 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783319313245 331931324X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Human rights in transnational business |b translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |c Julia Ruth-Maria Wetzel |
| 264 | 1 | |a [Cham] |b Springer |c [2016] | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 265 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c University of Lucerne School of Law |d 2015 | ||
| 653 | |a KJG | ||
| 653 | |a Alien Tort Statute | ||
| 653 | |a Business and human rights | ||
| 653 | |a Compliance | ||
| 653 | |a Corporate human rights | ||
| 653 | |a Human rights | ||
| 653 | |a Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum | ||
| 653 | |a Transnational business | ||
| 653 | |a Law | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Springer International Publishing |0 (DE-588)1064344704 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |t Human rights in transnational business |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://www.springer.com/ |x Verlag |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806333716454178816 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
1 Introduction. 1
1.1 Aim and Argument. 5
1.2 Vision. 6
References. 8
2 Nigeria, Shell and the Ogoni People. 11
2.1 The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People. 12
2.2 Evaluation of Shells Involvement in Nigeria Until 1995. 15
References. 17
3 The Alien Tort Statute. 19
3.1 Landmark Decisions. 20
3.1.1 Filartiga v. Pena-Irala. . . 20
3.1.1.1 Violation of the Law of Nations. 21
3.1.1.2 No Exercise of Federal Jurisdiction. 22
3.1.1.3 Course of Consideration. 23
3.1.1.4 Critical Reception of Filartiga. 23
3.1.2 Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain. 26
3.1.2.1 Nature of the Alien Tort Statute. 26
3.1.2.2 Interaction Between the Alien Tort Statute
and the Law of Nations. 27
3.1.2.3 The Need for Judicial Caution When Considering
Individual ATS Claims . 29
3.1.2.4 Sufficiency of Alvarez Claims for the Supreme
Court Standard. 30
3.1.2.5 Concurring Opinion of Justice Scalia. 32
3.1.2.6 Reception of Sosa. 33
3.2 Corporate ATS Suits Prior to Kiobel Involving Oil Companies . 35
3.2.1 Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy Inc. . . 36
3.2.2 Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp. 37
3.2.3 Bowoto v. Chevron Corp. 38
IX
X
Contents
3.3 Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum . 41
3.3.1 Submission to the United States District Court
for the Southern District of New York. 41
3.3.1.1 Secondary Liability Claims. 42
3.3.1.2 The Alleged Violations. 42
3.3.1.3 The Interlocutory Appeal 28 U.S.C § 1292. 43
3.3.2 The Appeal to the United States Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit. 43
3.3.2.1 Precedence of International Law Over
Domestic Law . 44
3.3.2.2 Implications of Applying International Law
to the Case. 44
3.3.2.2.1 The Nuremberg Legacy 1945—1946. . 45
3.3.2.2.2 The International Criminal Tribunal
for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
and the International Criminal Tribunal
for Rwanda (ICTR). 46
3.3.2.2.3 The Rome Statute. 47
3.3.2.2.4 Absence of Concrete Legal
Obligations. 48
3.3.2.3 Judge Leval’s Concurring Opinion. 48
3.3.2.3.1 The Aim of International Law. 49
3.3.2.3.2 No Aiding and Abetting Liability . 50
3.3.3 The Appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States . 50
3.3.3.1 The Presumption Against Extraterritorial
Application. 51
3.3.3.1.1 Intent of the ATS. 53
3.3.3.1.2 Unique Hospitable Forum. 53
3.3.3.2 Concurring Opinion of Justices Breyer, Ginsburg,
Sotomayor and Kagan. 55
3.3.3.2.1 The Underlying Substantive Grasp . . . 56
3.3.3.2.2 Applying the New Model to Kiobel. . . 58
3.3.4 Evaluation. 58
3.3.4.1 Negative Response. 59
3.3.4.2 Positive Reception. 60
3.3.4.3 Mixed Review. 60
3.3.4.4 The Great Flaw That Is Kiobel. 62
3.3.4.4.1 The Text and Tradition Approach . 62
3.3.4.4.2 The Constitution as a Living
Instrument. 66
3.3.4.4.3 Final Remarks. 68
References. 70
Contents
xi
4 Corporations and Human Rights. 75
4.1 The Philosophical Roots of Human Rights. 75
4.2 The Legal Perception of Human Rights. 77
4.2.1 Modern Legal Interpretation. 79
4.2.2 The Corporate Debate. 81
4.3 The Absence of Corporate Responsibility for Human Rights. 82
4.3.1 Milton Friedman and the Corporation . 82
4.3.2 No Rule of Law Under Customary International Law . . 83
4.3.2.1 General State Practice. 84
4.3.2.2 Opinion Iuris. 85
4.3.2.3 Sufficiency of Corporate Human Rights Liability
for Customary International Law . 85
4.3.3 Harm to Foreign Investment. 87
4.3.4 Framing the Corporation. 89
4.4 The Existence of Corporate Human Rights Responsibility. 92
4.4.1 Criticism of Friedman. 93
4.4.1.1 Social Responsibility Undermines the Free
Market. 94
4.4.1.2 Shareholder Ownership Of TNCs. 94
4.4.1.3 TNCs Cannot Assume Social Responsibility . 95
4.4.2 Corporations as Organs of Society. 96
4.5 Silent Complicity as a Moral and Legal Duty. 97
References. 102
5 Targeting Corporate Human Rights Conduct from a Multinational
Perspective. 105
5.1 OECD Guidelines. 106
5.1.1 Chapter IV: Human Rights. 107
5.1.1.1 Principle 1: Respect for Human Rights. 108
5.1.1.2 Principle 2: Avoiding to Cause or to Contribute
to Violations. 108
5.1.1.3 Principle 3: Seeking Ways to Prevent Adverse
Human Rights Impacts. 108
5.1.1.4 Principle 4: Policy Commitment to Human
Rights. 109
5.1.1.5 Principle 5: Due Diligence. 109
5.1.1.6 Principle 6: Enable Remediation. 110
5.1.2 Implementation of the OECD Guidelines. 110
5.1.2.1 The National Contact Points. . Ill
5.1.2.2 The Investment Committee. 112
5.1.3 Implementation Procedures. 113
5.1.3.1 Visibility. 113
5.1.3.2 Accessibility. 113
5.1.3.3 Transparency. 113
5.1.3.4 Accountability. 114
Contents
xii
5.1.3.5 Impartiality. 114
5.1.3.6 Predictability. 114
5.1.3.7 Equitability. 114
5.1.3.8 Compatibility. 115
5.1.4 Critical Assessment of the OECD Guidelines. 115
5.2 ILO Tripartite Declaration. 117
5.2.1 General Principles. 118
5.2.2 Critical Assessment of the ILO Tripartite Declaration
as a Tool for Human Rights Implementation
for Corporations. 119
5.3 Human Rights and Business in Europe. 120
5.3.1 The Council of Europe. 120
5.3.1.1 Draft Preliminary Study on Corporate Social
Responsibility in the Field of Human Rights . 120
5.3.1.2 Feasibility Study on Corporate Social
Responsibility in the Field of Human Rights . 124
5.3.1.2.1 Remedy Gaps. 124
5.3.1.2.2 Measures to Raise Awareness. 125
5.3.1.2.3 Aftermath. 125
5.3.2 The EU Strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility . 126
5.3.3 Achievements of the European Scheme. 129
5.4 The Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. 131
5.4.1 Background. 132
5.4.2 Multi-Stakeholder Character. 132
5.4.3 Risk Assessment. 133
5.4.3.1 Identification of Risks. 134
5.4.3.2 Potential for Violence. 134
5.4.3.3 Human Rights Records. 134
5A3.4 Rule of Law. 134
5.4.3.5 Conflict Analysis. 135
5.4.4 Interactions Between Companies and Public Security . 135
5.4.4.1 Security Arrangements. 135
5.4.4.2 Deployment and Conduct. 136
5.4.4.3 Consultation and Advice . 136
5.4.4.4 Responses to Human Rights Abuses. 137
5.4.4.5 Interactions Between Companies and Private
Security. 137
5.4.5 Implementation Aid for Corporations on the Voluntary
Principles. 138
5.4.5.1 Sharing Best Practices and Lessons Learnt
to Strengthen Internal Policies. 138
5.4.5.1.1 Prioritizing Resources by Risk
Determination. 138
5.4.5.1.2 Developing Risk Mitigation
Strategies
138
Contents
xm
5.4.5.1.3 Adopting Assessment Procedures
to Improve Progress. 139
5.4.5.2 Multi-Stakeholder Collaborative Problem
Solving. . 139
5.4.6 Practical Implementation of the Voluntary Principles:
BP and Chevron Case Study . 139
5.4.6.1 BP. 140
5.4.6.2 Chevron. 141
5.4.7 Strengths and Weakness of the Voluntary Principles. 143
References. 144
6 Business and Human Rights at the UN. 149
6.1 UN Global Compact. 149
6.1.1 The Global Compact Management Model. 150
6.1.2 Principle 1: Business Should Support and Respect Human
Rights. 151
6.1.2.1 Practical Implications. 152
6.1.2.2 Respect for Human Rights. 152
6.1.2.3 Determining the Scope of Responsibility. 153
6.1.2.4 Human Rights Due Diligence. 154
6.1.2.4.1 Assessment. 154
6.1.2.4.2 Integration. 154
6.1.2.4.3 Taking Action. 155
6.1.2.4.4 Tracking Performance. 155
6.1.2.4.5 Communication. . 155
6.1.2.5 Supporting Human Rights in the Business
Context. 155
6.1.3 Principle 2: Businesses Should Make Sure They Are Not
Complicit in Human Rights Abuses. 156
6.1.4 Contribution of the Global Compact to the UN Human
Rights and Business Agenda. 157
6.2 The UN “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework
and the UN Guiding Principles. 159
6.2.1 The Interim Report of 2006. 160
6.2.1.1 Globalization. 161
6.2.1.2 Correlating the Abuses. 162
6.2.1.3 The Existing Responses. 163
6.2.1.4 The Failure of the Norms on the Responsibilities
of Transnational Corporations. 164
6.2.2 UN Survey on the Human Rights Policies and Management
Practices of Fortune Global 500 Finns. 166
6.2.2.1 Policy Results. 166
6.2.2.2 The Rights Concerned. 167
6.2.2.3 International Instruments Consulted . . 167
6.2.2.4 Stakeholder Engagement. . 168
6.2.2.5 Accountability. 168
6.2.2.6 Conclusion. 168
XIV
Contents
6.2.3 The “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. 169
6.2.3.1 “Protect, Respect and Remedy”. 170
6.2.3.2 The State Duty to Protect. . 170
6.2.3.3 The Corporate Responsibility to Respect. 172
6.2.3.3.1 The Sphere of Influence. 173
6.2.3.3.2 Due Diligence. . . 174
6.2.3.3.2.1 Understanding the
Context. 174
6.2.3.3.2.2 Analyzing the Companies
Activities. 174
6.2.3.3.2.3 Assessing Coxporate
Relationships. 175
6.2.3.3.2.4 Policy Requirements . . . . 175
6.2.3.3.3 Complicity. 176
6.2.3.3.3.1 Act or Omission Having
a Substantial Effect. 176
6.2.3.3.3.2 Knowledge of the
Intentions of the Principal
Perpetrator. 178
6.2.3.4 Remedy . 179
6.2.3.4.1 Judicial Mechanisms. 180
6.2.3.4.2 Non-judicial Mechanisms. 180
6.2.3.4.3 Non-state Mechanisms. 181
6.2.3 A4 Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives. 181
6.2.3.4.5 The Patchwork Problem. 182
6.2.3.5 Conclusion. 182
6.2.4 The Guiding Principles. 183
6.2.4.1 The State Duty to Protect Human Rights. 183
6.2.4.1.1 Operational Principles. 184
6.2.4.1.2 State-Business Nexus. 184
6.2.4.1.3 Supporting Business Respect
for Human Rights in Conflict-Affected
Areas. 185
6.2.4.1.4 Policy Coherence. 186
6.2.4.2 The Corporate Responsibility to Respect. 187
6.2.4.2.1 Human Rights Due Diligence. 188
6.2.4.2.2 Remediation. 190
6.2.4.3 Access to Remedy . 191
6.2.4.3.1 State-Based Judicial Mechanisms . . . . 191
6.2.4.3.2 State-Based Non-judicial
Mechanisms. 192
6.2.4.3.3 Non-state Based Mechanisms. 192
6.2.5 Efficiency of the UN Guiding Principles in Addressing
Corporate Human Rights Concerns. 193
Contents
xv
6.3 The Ruggie-Deva-Bilchitz Reflection: The Yellow Brick Road
to Accountability?. 198
References. 200
7 Translating Human Rights into an Enforceable Business Compliance
Strategy. . 205
7.1 Why Corporate Social Irresponsibility Harms Businesses
and Human Rights Equally. 205
7.2 How Human Rights Violations Affect Corporate Reputation
and Brand Image. . 206
7.2.1 The Value of Corporate Image and Reputation. 206
7.2.2 How Corporate Social Irresponsibility Influences
Corporate Reputation. 207
7.2.3 How Corporate Social Irresponsibility Impacted
Multinational Oil Corporations in Nigeria. 209
7.3 Why Corporations Should Behave Socially Responsible. 210
7.4 How Human Rights Can Be Translated into an Effective Business
Strategy Targeting Corporate Human Rights Compliance. 213
7.4.1 Why a Human Rights Strategy Is Necessary. 213
7.4.2 Building an Operative Human Rights Compliance
Policy. 218
7.4.2.1 Identification of Key Human Rights Concerns . . . 218
7.4.2.2 Existing and Potential Human Rights Risks. 219
7.4.2.3 Managing Human Rights Risks and Impacts . . 219
7.4.2.4 Binding Human Rights Responsibilities. 220
7.4.2.5 Sanctioning Mechanisms. 220
7.4.3 How Human Rights Have Been Translated into Business
Policies in Practice. 221
7.4.3.1 Yahoo: Winning with Integrity. 221
7.4.3.2 Coca-Cola: Acting with Integrity. 223
7.4.3.3 The Body Shop: Striving To Be a Force
for Good. 226
7.4.3.4 Shell: Honesty, Integrity, Respect. 227
7.4.4 Improving the Existing Initiatives Through Accountability
and Implementation Mechanisms. 229
7.4.4.1 Certifiable Human Rights Quality Management. . . 229
7.4.4.1.1 ISO 9000. 230
7.4.4.1.2 ISO 26000. 231
7.4.4.1.3 Why Human Rights Quality
Management Works. 233
7.4.4.2 Global Arbitration Panel. . 234
7,4.4.2.1 Operative Principles. 234
7A4.2.2 Effectiveness of the Global Arbitration
Panel. 235
XVI
Contents
7.4.4.3 State Responsibility for Human Rights Compliance
of Corporate Entities Within Their Jurisdiction . . . 238
7.4.4.3.1 The UN Model. 238
7.4.43.2 The Swiss Model. 239
7.4.43.3 The ECHR Model. 240
7.4.43.4 Why a State Responsibility Solution Is
Necessary. 244
7.4.4.4 The Need for a Polycentric Approach
to Enforcement. 244
7.5 Bridging the Gap Between Business and Human Rights. 245
7.5.1 The Treaty Option. 246
7.5.1.1 Drafting and Implementing Treaties. 246
7.5.1.2 The Potential Business and Human
Rights Treaty. 247
7.5.13 Benefits of a Treaty. 248
7.5.1.4 Drawbacks. 249
7.5.2 Implementation Problems. 250
7.53 The Interim Solution. 251
References. 254
8 Conclusion: The Future of Human Rights Compliance. 261
References. 265
This book investigates how human rights law can be applied to corporate entities. To
date there have been insufficient international legal mechanisms to bring corporations
to justice for their misconduct abroad. The book argues that rather than trying to solve
the problem locally, an international approach to corporate human rights compliance
needs to be sought to prevent future corporate human rights abuses.
Implementing effective and enforceable human rights compliance policies at corporate
level allows businesses to prevent negative human rights impacts such as loss of
revenue, high litigation costs and damage to reputation.
By considering human rights to be an inherent part of their business strategy,
corporations will be well equipped to meet national and regional business and human
rights standards, which will inevitably be implemented in the next few years.
This approach, in turn, also furthers the fundamental aim of international human
rights law. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria |
| author_facet | Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria |
| author_variant | j r m w jrm jrmw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043595230 |
| classification_rvk | PR 2213 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952552986 (DE-599)DNB1082366269 |
| dewey-full | 340 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 340 - Law |
| dewey-raw | 340 |
| dewey-search | 340 |
| dewey-sort | 3340 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV043595230 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-03T03:01:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1064344704 |
| isbn | 9783319313245 331931324X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029009523 |
| oclc_num | 952552986 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 |
| physical | XVIII, 265 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria Verfasser aut Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures Julia Ruth-Maria Wetzel [Cham] Springer [2016] XVIII, 265 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dissertation University of Lucerne School of Law 2015 KJG Alien Tort Statute Business and human rights Compliance Corporate human rights Human rights Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Transnational business Law (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Springer International Publishing (DE-588)1064344704 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Human rights in transnational business http://www.springer.com/ Verlag X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=687af2ccfd924ef8b43fc2a047ac93b0&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029009523&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029009523&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Wetzel, Julia Ruth-Maria Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| title_auth | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| title_exact_search | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| title_full | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures Julia Ruth-Maria Wetzel |
| title_fullStr | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures Julia Ruth-Maria Wetzel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures Julia Ruth-Maria Wetzel |
| title_short | Human rights in transnational business |
| title_sort | human rights in transnational business translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| title_sub | translating human rights obligations into compliance procedures |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://www.springer.com/ http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=687af2ccfd924ef8b43fc2a047ac93b0&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029009523&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029009523&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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