Holocene Foragers of North India: the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
British Archaeological Reports Ltd.
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | BAR International series
2783 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 328 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 1407314521 9781407314525 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Lukacs, John R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Holocene Foragers of North India |b the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama |c John R. Lukacs, Jagannath Pal |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b British Archaeological Reports Ltd. |c 2016 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 328 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a BAR International series |v 2783 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176322265612288 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Holocene foragers of North India
Autor: Lukacs, John R
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Forewords: V. D. Misra (University of Allahabad)....................................iii
Kenneth A. R. Kennedy (Cornell University).........................iv
Preface: John R. Lukacs (University of Oregon) and
J. N. Pal (University of Allahabad).......................................v
Part I. History and Context
1. Introduction: Damdama in Context: Historical Background and Research Objectives.................1
1.1 Sarai Nahar Rai: First Impressions of Mesolithic Lake Culture..................................................................2
1.2 Mahadaha: Another Window on Mesolithic Lake Culture of the Ganga Plain...........................................6
1.3 Bioarchaeology of Damdama: Goals and Objectives..................................................................................8
2. Regional Context: Geology, Geography and Climate..........................................................................11
2.1 The Geophysical Setting: Geology, Sedimentology, and Climatology of the Ganga Plains.....................11
2.2 Geological Origin, Structure and Evolution of the Indo-Gangetic Foreland Basin...................................12
2.3 Sedimentology, Geomorphology and Climatic Sequence of the Ganga Foreland Basin..........................14
2.4 Holocene Soils of the Ganga Plain: Indicators of Paleoclimate................................................................18
2.5 Late Quaternary Environments of the Ganga Basin: Evidence from the Belan and Son Rivers...............19
2.6 A Multi-proxy Approach to Late Glacial - Holocene Environments of the Mid-Ganga Plain..................22
3. Site Context: Chronology, Ecology and Subsistence...........................................................................23
3.1 Chronology: Controversy and Contention................................................................................................23
3.1.1 Radiocarbon dates from accelerator mass spectrography (AMS).................................................24
3.1.2 Implications of new dates for Mesolithic adaptations..................................................................26
3.2 Local Environment and Ecology: Soils, Flora, and Fauna........................................................................27
3.2.1 Early environmental reconstructions for Mesolithic Lake Cultures.............................................28
3.2.2 Botanical indicators of environment.............................................................................................28
3.2.3 Faunal indicators of environment.................................................................................................29
3.3 Mesolithic Subsistence Patterns: Evidence and Inference........................................................................30
3.3.1 Initial models and controversies: Mobile vs. sedentary, semi-nomadic vs. semi-sedentary.........30
3.4 Faunal Evidence of Mesolithic Subsistence: Recent Contributions..........................................................33
4. Excavations and Archaeological Context (by V.D. Misra, J.N. Pal and M.C. Gupta)....................37
Part II. The Damdama Skeletal Series: Preservation and Demography
5. The Human Skeletal Sample: Preservation, Taphonomy, and Inventory.......................................51
5.1 Macroscopic Preservation of Skeletons....................................................................................................52
5.2 Microscopic Preservation: Histological Structure and Elemental Composition.......................................55
5.3 Human Skeletal Inventory and Assessment..............................................................................................57
5.4 Summary...................................................................................................................................................74
6. Paleodemography I: Attribution of Age and Sex.................................................................................75
6.1 Methods and Procedures for Determining Age and Sex...........................................................................75
6.1.1 Age estimation..............................................................................................................................75
6.1.2 Sex estimation...............................................................................................................................76
6.2 Diagnosis of Age and Sex by Specimen...................................................................................................77
6.3 Age, Sex, and Demographic Structure: Summary Assessment and Conclusions....................................112
7. Paleodemography II: Age Estimation from Dental Histology.........................................................121
(by Gwen Robbing Schug)
7.1 Materials and Methods......................................121
7.2 Results: Age Estimates from Cementum......................................124
7.3 Demographic Dynamics..................................125
Part III. Craniometry and Dental Anthropology
8. Cranial and Mandibular Morphometries: Descriptive and Comparative Analyses 131
8.1 Craniometry..............................................................................................................................................................................................................131
8.1.1 Craniometric methods.....................................131
8.1.2 Results: Craniometric measurements and variations................................131
8.1.3 Comparative craniometry........................................................................................................................................................................................................141
8.2 Mandibular Morphometries......................................................................................................................................................................................................................141
8.2.1 Methodology........................................................................................................................ 143
8.2.2 Morphological variation.............................................................................................................146
8.2.3 Mandibular osteometry...............................................................................................................146
8.3 Comparative Mandibular Morphometries (by Greg C. Nelson)..............................146
8.3.1 Analytic methods..........................................146
8.3.2 Results: Osteometry analysis.......................................148
8.3.3 Discussion...................................151
9. Dental Anthropology: Inventory and Tooth Wear...................................153
9.1 Inventory of Dental Remains.................................153
9.2 Tooth Wear: Data, Analysis, and Comparison............................155
9.2.1 Methods of assessing occlusal wear...........................................................................................155
9.2.2 Patterns of tooth wear: Age and sex...........................................................................................159
9.2.3 Inter-site variation in tooth wear.................................................................................................163
9.2.4 Wear seriation of Mesolithic specimens.....................................................................................166
9.3 Eight Grade System Wear Patterns.........................................................................................................169
9.4 Unique Wear Patterns.............................................................................................................................170
10. Dental Pathology: Lesion Prevalence and Meaning.......................................................................173
10.1 Dental Pathology and Behavior.............................................................................................................173
10.1.1 Methods: Diagnosis and interpretation.....................................................................................173
10.2 Dental Pathology by Individual.............................................................................................................175
10.2.1 Inter-site variation in dental pathology.....................................................................................178
10.3 Enamel Hypoplasia: Types and Prevalence..........................................................................................178
10.3.1 EH frequency by specimen.......................................................................................................180
10.3.2 LEH frequency by tooth...........................................................................................................181
10.3.3 Age at LEH formation..............................................................................................................182
10.4 Dental Pathology by Tooth Count.........................................................................................................184
10.4.1 Results......................................................................................................................................185
10.4.2 Evaluation, interpretation and comparison...............................................................................190
10.5 Developmental Defects and Pathological Lesions................................................................................197
10.5.1 Tooth rotation...........................................................................................................................197
10.5.2 Congential absence...................................................................................................................197
10.5.3 Localized enamel hypoplasia....................................................................................................197
10.6 Behavioral Inferences from Tooth Wear and Dental Pathology...........................................................200
11. Morphometric Dental Variation: Bio-distance and Adaptation....................................................201
11.1 Dental Morphology........................................................................................................................................................................................202
11.1.1 Methods............................................................................................................................................................................................202
H-L2 Variation in dental morphology at Damdama..........................................................................................................203
11.1.3 Comparative analysis of dental morphology........................................................................ 206
11.1.4 All-India inter-site comparison and biodistance from dental morphology...............................209
11.2. Tooth Size at Damdama: Adaptive and Evolutionary Perspectives............................................................218
11.2.1 Odontometric methods..........................................................................................................................218
11.2.2 Tooth size at Damdama: Crown dimensions and areas..............................................................218
H -2-3 Damdama tooth size in context.................................................................................................................................221
11.2.4 Deciduous odontometry..................................................................................................................................................224
11.3 Dental Variation at Damdama: A Synopsis.................................................226
11.3.1 Dental morphology...........................................................226
11.3.2 Tooth size ................ ......................226
Part IV. Post-cranial Skeletal Variation: Stature, Pathology, and Behavior
12. Post-cranial Osteometry: Stature, Robustness and Limb Segments in Adaptive and
Evolutionary Context......................................................................................................................................227
12.1 Objectives..............................................................................................................................................228
12.2 Methods.................................................................................................................................................228
12.2.1 Osteometry................................................................................................................................228
12.2.2 Estimation of stature.................................................................................................................229
12.2.3 Robusticity and limb proportions.............................................................................................230
12.3 Results...................................................................................................................................................230
12.3.1 Osteometry................................................................................................................................230
12.3.2 Stature.......................................................................................................................................239
12.3.3 Skeletal robusticity and adaptation...........................................................................................244
12.4 Summary of Post-cranial Osteometry...................................................................................................253
13. Skeletal Pathology and Activity Markers: Evidence on Diet, Disease and Behavior................255
13.1 Goals and Obj ectives of Paleopathology...............................................................................................255
13.2 Methods: Recognizing and Diagnosing Pathological Lesions..............................................................255
13.3 Skeletal Indicators of Health: Diet and Infectious Disease...................................................................256
13.3.1 Nutritional status: Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis....................................................256
13.3.2 Infectious disease: Periostitis....................................................................................................257
13.4 Skeletal Indicators of Activity, Growth and Behavior..........................................................................259
13.4.1 Osteoarthritis.......................................................................................................................... 259
13.4.2 Trauma......................................................................................................................................259
13.4.3 Enthesial hypertrophy...............................................................................................................262
13.4.4 Supratrochlear foramen (septal aperture)..................................................................................264
13.4.5 Vascular impressions................................................................................................................265
13.4.6 Ankle flexion facets (squatting facets).....................................................................................266
13.4.7 Lingual mandibular cortical depressions (Stafne s defect).......................................................268
13.5 Discussion: Markers of Stress and Activity..........................................................................................269
13.6 Summary: Skeletal variation and behavior............................................................................................269
Part V. Damdama: Integrative Summary and Concluding Remarks
14. The Bioarchaeology of Damdama: An Integrative Synthesis........................................................271
14.1 Objectives of an Integrative Synthesis..................................................................................................271
14.2 Environment, Subsistence and Human Biology....................................................................................272
14.2.1 Subsistence, diet and nutrition..................................................................................................273
14.3 Biological Affinities and Population History........................................................................................274
14.4 Skeletal Robusticity: Types and Causes................................................................................................276
14.4.1 Cranial robusticity....................................................................................................................276
14.4.2 Post-cranial robusticity.............................................................................................................277
14.4.2.1 Osteometric robusticity...........................................................................................278
14.4.2.2 Entheseal changes: Robusticity and activity............................................................278
14.5 Conclusions and Prospects....................................................................................................................279
14.5.1 Context: Chrono-eco-geographic setting..................................................................................279
14.5.2 Sample composition and preservation......................................................................................279
14.5.3 Craniofacial variation and adaptation......................................................................................279
14.5.4 Dental adaptations.................................280
14.5.5 Stature......................................280
14.5.6 Post-cranial adaptations..................................280
Appendices
281
Appendix A: Supplemental Dental Data
Table 1. Inventory of dental elements and tooth status..............................................................282-284
Table 2. Dental wear scores: Eight-grade scoring system.......................................................... 285-286
Table 3a. Scott wear scores by quadrant: Maxillary molars........................................................287-288
Table 3b. Scott wear scores by quadrant: Mandibular molars.....................................................289-290
Table 4a. Odontometric data: Maxillary permanent teeth (by specimen)....................................291 -293
Table 4b. Odontometric data: Mandibular permanent teeth (by specimen).................................294-296
Table 5. Deciduous dental morphology (DOM 5).............................................................................297
Appendix B: Post-cranial Osteometric Data
Table 1. Post-cranial measurements of the upper extremity (in mm)..........................................298-300
Clavicle, Scapula........................................................................................298
Humerus......................................................................................................299
Radius, Ulna...............................................................................................300
Table 2. Post-cranial measurements of the lower extremity (in mm).......................................... 301 -305
Innominate..................................................................................................301
Femur..................................................................................................302-304
Tibia, Fibula................................................................................................305
References..........................................................................................................................................................307
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| spelling | Lukacs, John R. Verfasser aut Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama John R. Lukacs, Jagannath Pal Oxford British Archaeological Reports Ltd. 2016 xviii, 328 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier BAR International series 2783 Includes bibliographical references Pal, Jagannath Sonstige oth BAR International series 2783 (DE-604)BV023549802 2783 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029002164&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lukacs, John R. Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama BAR International series |
| title | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama |
| title_auth | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama |
| title_exact_search | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama |
| title_full | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama John R. Lukacs, Jagannath Pal |
| title_fullStr | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama John R. Lukacs, Jagannath Pal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Holocene Foragers of North India the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama John R. Lukacs, Jagannath Pal |
| title_short | Holocene Foragers of North India |
| title_sort | holocene foragers of north india the bioarchaeology of mesolithic damdama |
| title_sub | the Bioarchaeology of Mesolithic Damdama |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029002164&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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