Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului: 1 Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cluj-Napoca
Mega
2015
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9786065436336 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cc4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV043575003 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20170626 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 160530s2015 a||| |||| 00||| rum d | ||
| 020 | |a 9786065436336 |9 978-606-543-633-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)992454782 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV043575003 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a rum | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-M515 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Bejinariu, Ioan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |n 1 |p Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu |c Ioan Bejinariu |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cluj-Napoca |b Mega |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a 151 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Pläne, Karten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |w (DE-604)BV043574882 |g 1 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |f 09013 |g 498 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 709 |e 22/bsb |f 09013 |g 498 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |f 09013 |g 3 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 930.1 |e 22/bsb |f 0905 |g 498 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028989768 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1813276402241241088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Introducere.9
Capitolul 1.11
Cadrul geografic.11
Capitolul II.15
II. 1. Justificarea teoretică a subiectului.15
11.2. Probleme de terminologie. Preocupări de periodizare a descoperirilor epocii bronzului din nord-vestul României
(cu referire specială asupra descoperirilor din Depresiunea Şimleului).16
11.3. Situri arheologice cercetate în Depresiunea Şimleului şi în zonele adiacente.19
Capitolul III.25
Consideraţii referitoare la descoperirile din Eneoliticulfinal şi Bronzul timpuria.25
Capitolul IV.37
Perioada mijlocie a epocii bronzului.37
IV.l. Habitatul şi componentele sale pe parcursul Bronzului mijlociu din Depresiunea Şimleului.37
IV.2. Comportamentul funerar al comunităţilor Wietenberg din Depresiunea Şimleului.43
IV.3. Inventarul arheologic.45
IV.3.1. Ceramica.45
IV.3.2. Alte piese din lut ars.55
IV.3.3. Piese din piatră.57
IV.34. Prelucrarea cornului şi a osului.57
IV.3.5. Piese din alte materiale.57
IV. 4. Indicii ale activităţilor metalurgice. Depozite şi piese de bronz.57
IV.5. Fazele evolutive şi cronologia descoperirilor Wietenberg din Depresiunea Şimleului. Concluzii.61
Anexa 1 (Planşa 11).71
Repertoriul descoperirilor aparţinândfazeifinale a culturii Coţofeni şi din Bronzul timpuriu din judeţul Sălaj.71
Anexa 2 (Planşa 45).73
Repertoriul descoperirilor culturii Wietenberg din Depresiunea Şimleului.73
Anexa 3. Abrevieri bibliografice.79
Anexa A. Lista ilustraţiilor.95
Abstract. Archaeological Contributions to the Knowledge of the Bronze Age in the Western Part
of the Meseş Mountains. (I). The Early and Middle Bronze Age.97
Planşe.
.105
Abrevieri bibliografice
Periodice si serii
f
AAH
AÉ
AJA
Alba Regia
AMN
AMP
AnBanatului (SN)
Angustia
Antaeus
APULVM
ArchPolona
ATS
Banatica
BCŞS
BerRGK
BMTA
CCA
Crisia
CultCivDunârea de Jos
Dacia (N.S.)
DMÉ
Dolgozatok
EJA
EphNap
EurAntiq
ÉvkPécs
FÁ
Germania
Istros
LucrŞt
MCA
MMMK
MOMOZ
OL
Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae, Budapest.
Archaeologiai Értesítő, Budapest.
American Journal of Archaeology, New York.
Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani regis, Székesfehérvár.
Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca.
Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău.
Analele Banatului (Serie Nouă). Arheologie-Istorie, Timişoara
Angustia. Muzeul Carpaţilor Răsăriteni, Sfântu Gheorghe.
Antaeus. Communicationes ex Instituto Archaeologico Academiae Scientarum
Hungaricae, Budapest.
Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.
Archaeologia Polona, Warsaw.
Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis, Sibiu.
Banatica. Muzeul de istorie al judeţului Caras-Severin, Reşiţa.
Buletinul Cercurilor Ştiinţifice Studenţeşti. Arheologie-Istorie-Muzeologie, Alba Iulia.
Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archölogischen
Instituts, Frankfurt am Main.
Buletinul Muzeului „Teohari Antonescu”, Giurgiu.
Cronica Cercetărilor Arheologice din România, CIMeC / Institutul Naţional al
Patrimoniului.
Crisia. Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor, Oradea.
Cultură şi Civilizaţie la Dunărea de Jos, Călăraşi.
Dacia. Revue d'archéologie et dhistoire ancienne. Nouvelle série, Bucureşti.
A debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve, Debrecen.
Az Erdély Múzeum Érem - és Régiségtárából, Koloszvár.
European Journal of Archaeology, London.
Ephemeris Napocensis, Cluj-Napoca.
Eurasia Antiqua, Berlin.
A Janus Pannonius Múzeum Évkönyve, Pécs.
Folia Árchaeologica, Budapest.
Germania. Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen
Instituts. Frankfurt am Main, Bamberg, Berlin, Mainz.
Istros. Buletinul Muzeului Brăilei, Brăila.
Lucrări Ştiinţifice, Oradea.
Materiale şi Cercetări Arheologice, Bucureşti.
A Magyar Mezögazdásig Múzeum Közleményei, Budapest.
MÜMOI „Fiatal Őskoros Kutatók”. Összejövetelének konferenciakötete, Debrecen,
Szombathely.
Ősrégészeti Levelek / Prehistoric Newsletter, Budapest.
80
IOAN Bejinariu
PBF
Рейсе (SN)
PPSoc
PZ
RevBistriţei
Sargetia
Savana, P.A.
Sălajul
SCIV(А)
SlovArch
S pra w Arch
Starinar
StComSM,
StComSibiu
SympThrac
TerraSebvs
TD
Zalai Muzéum
Zborník
Volume
Arheologie în context.
Arheovest I.
Between the Egea and
Baltic Seas.
Bronze Age Communities.
Bronze Age Rites-
Bronze Age tell
settlements.
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien
(I) ···,
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien
(II) .,
Bronzezeit in Ungarn.
Bronzezeitliche
Depotfunde.
Bronzezeitliche
Gräberfeld.
Bronzezeitliche
Kulturerscheimmgen.
Prähistoriche Bronzefunde, München, Stuttgart.
Рейсе, Serie Nouă. Studii şi Cercetări de Istorie şi Arheologie, Tulcea.
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Cambridge.
Praehistorische Zeitschrift, Berlin.
Revista Bistriţei, Bistriţa.
Sargetia. Buletinul Muzeului judeţului Hunedoara (Acta Mvsei Devensis), Deva.
Savaria. A vas megyei múzeumok értesítője, Szombathely.
Sălajul. Ziar, Zalău.
Studii şi Cercetări de Istorie Veche (şi Arheologie), Bucureşti.
Slovenská Archaeológia, Bratislava.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, Kraków.
Starinar, Beograd.
Studii şi Comunicări Satu Mare, seria arheologie, Satu Mare.
Studii şi Comunicări Muzeul Brukenthal, Sibiu.
Symposia Thracologica.
Terra Sebvs, Acta Musei Sabesiensis, Sebeş.
Thraco-Dacica, Bucureşti.
Zalai Muzéum, Zalaegerszeg.
Zborník. Slovenského Národtrého Múzea / Annales Musei Nationalis Slovaci,
Bratislava.
Arheologie în context regional şi european. Studii în onoarea lui Németi János la ani-
versarea a 75 de ani, R. Gindele (ed.), Muzeul Judeţean Satu Mare, Studii şi Comunicări,
seria arheologie, XXX/I, Satu Mare 2014.
Arheovest I. In Memóriám Liviu Măruia. Interdisciplinaritate în Arheologie şi Istorie,
Timişoara 7 decembrie 2013, Szeged 2013.
Between the Egea and Baltic Seas. Prehistory across Borders. Proceedings of
the International Conference: Bronze and Early Iron Age Interconnections and
Contemporary Developments between the Aegean and the Regions of Balkan
Peninsula, Central and Northern Europe, University of Zagreb, 11-14 April 2005,
I. Galanaki, H. Thomas, Y. Galanakis, R. Laffmeur (eds.). AEGAEUM, Liege 2007.
Bronze Age Communities in the Carphatian Basin. Proceedings of the International
Colloquium from Târgu Mureş, 24—26 October 2008, S. Berecki, R.E. Németh, B. Rezi
(eds.), Cluj-Napoca 2009.
Bronze Age Rites and Rituals in the Carphatian Basin. Proceedings ofthe International
Colloquium from Târgu Mureş, 8-10 October 2010, S. Berecki, R.E. Németh, B. Rezi
(eds.), Tg. Mureş 2011.
Bronze Age teil settlements of the Great Hungárián Piain I. (Inventaria praehistorica
hvngariae L), Kovács T., Stanczik I. (eds.), Budapest 1988.
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien (I), T. Soroceanu (hrsg.), PAS 10, Berlin 1995.
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien / Descoperiri de bronzuri din Romania (II), T. Soroceanu
(hrsg.), Bistriţa - Cluj-Napoca 2005.
Bronzezeit in Ungarn. Forschungen in Teil-Siedlungen am Donau und Theiß,
W. Meier-Arendt (hrsg.), Frankfurt am Main 1992.
Bronzezeitliche Depotfunde - Probleme der Interpretation. Materialen der
Festkonferenz für Tivodor Lehoczki zum 175. Geburstag, Ushhorod 5.-6. Oktober 2005,
Uzgorod 2006.
Bronzezeithehe Gräberfeld in der Sudwestslowakei, M. Dušek (autor), Bratislava 1969.
Bronzezeitliche Kulturerscheinungen im Karpatischen Raum. Die Beziehungen zu den
Benachbarten Gebieten. Ehrensymposium für Alexandru Vulpe zum 70. Geburtstag,
Baia Mare, 10.-13. Oktober 2001, C. Kacsó (hrsg.), Baia Mare 2003.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului
81
Cercetări privind epoca
bronzului.
Comori.
Contribuţii arheologice.
DACI ŞI ROMANI.
Der Nordkarpatische
Raum.
Die Kupferzeit.
Funeral Practices.
Hügelbestattung.
Il passagio dal neolitico.
In honorem emeritate.
In memoriam C.
Daicoviciu.
In Memoriam Nicolae
Chidiosan.
i
Istoria Românilor (I)
Kulturen der
Friihbronzezeit.,
Kurgan Studies.
Mensch und Umwelt-
Moments in time.
Morgenrot der Kulturen.
Necropola din epoca
bronzului.
Omagiu profesorului Ioan
Andriţoiu.
Peştera Cauce.
Praistorija Vojvodine.
Prehistoric Bulgaria
SAX.
Semper fidelis.
Cercetări privind epoca bronzului şi prima vârstă a fierului în Transilvania,
H. Ciugudean (autor), Alba Iulia 1997.
Comori ale epocii bronzului din România / Treasures of the Bronzé Age in Romania,
C. Stoica, N. Boroffka, M. Rotea (eds.), Bucureşti 1995.
Contribuţii arheologice la istoria oraşului Dej, D. Isac (coord.), Cluj-Napoca 2008.
DACI ŞI ROMANI. 1900 de ani de la integrarea Daciei în Imperiul Roman, (Timişoara
24-26 martie 2006), D. Benea (red.), Timişoara 2006.
Der Nordkarpatische Raum in der Bronzezeit / Spaţiul nordcarpatic în epoca bronzu-
lui. Symposium Baia Mare 7.-10. Oktober 1998, C. Kacsó (hrsg.), Baia Mare 2001.
Die Kupferzeit als Historische Epoche, Symposium Saarbrücken und Otzenhausen,
6.-13.111988, J. Lichardus (hrsg.), Bonn 1991.
Funeral Practices of the Bronze and Iron Ages in Central and South-Eastern Europe.
Proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium of Funerary Archaeology, Bistriţa,
România, May 9th-lTh 2008, V. Sîrbu, D. L. Vaida (eds.), Cluj-Napoca 2008.
Hugelbestattung in der Karpaten-Donau-Balkan-Zone wahrend der Aneolithischen
Periode: Internationales Symposium Donij Milanovac, 1985, D. Srejovic, N. Tasič
(hrsg.), Beograd 1987.
Il passagio dal neolitico ali' eta del Bronzo nell' Europa Centrale e nella regione al-
pina. Problemi cronologici e terminologici. Atti del X Simposio Internazionale sulla
fine del neolitico e gli inizi del Bronzo in Europa, Larise - Verona 8-12 aprile 1980,
Verona 1982.
In honorem emeritate Ligiae Bârzu. Timpul istoriei I. Memorie şi patrimoniu, volum
îngrijit de: M. Ciho, V. Nistor, D. Zaharia, Bucureşti 1997.
In memoriam Constantin Daicoviciu, H. Daicoviciu (ed.), Cluj 1974.
In Memoriam Nicolae Chidioşan, L. Cornea, C. Ghemiş, G. Moisa (coord.), Oradea
2003.
Istoria Românilor, vol. I Moştenirea Timpurilor îndepărtate, Acad. M. Petrescu-
Dîmboviţa, A. Vulpe (coord.), Bucureşti 2001.
Kulturen der Frühbronzezeit des Karpatenbeckens und Nordbalkans, N. Tasič (hrsg.),
Beograd 1984.
Kurgan Studies. An environmental and archaeological multiproxi study of burial
mounds in the Eurasian steppe zone, Á. Pető, A. Barezi (eds.), BAR International
Series 2238, 2011.
Mensch und Umwelt in der Bronzezeit Europas / Man and Environment in European
Bronze Age, B. Hánsel (Hrsg.), Kiel 1998.
Moments in time. Papers presented to Pál Raczky on this 60th Birthday, Al. Anders,
G. Kulcsár, G. Kalla, V. Kiss, G.V. Szabó (eds.), Ősrégészeti Tanulmányok / Prehistoric
Studies, Budapest 2013.
Morgenrot der Kulturen. Frühe Etappen der Menschengeschichte in Mittel-und
Südeuropa. Festschrift für Nándor Kalicz zu 75. Geburtstag, E. Jerem, P. Raczcky
(hrsg.) Budapest 2003.
Necropola din epoca bronzului de la Sebeş. Catalog de expoziţie, G. Bălan,
C. Fântâneanu, D. Anghel (autori), 2014.
Omagiu profesorului Ioan Andriţoiu cu prilejul împlinirii a 65 de ani. Studii şi cercetări
arheologice, C.I. Popa, G. T. Rustoiu (eds.), Alba Iulia 2005.
Cercetări arheologice în Peştera Cauce (II) (sat Cerişor, comuna Lelese, judeţul
Hunedoara), S.A. Luca, C. Roman, D. Diaconescu, H. Ciugudean, G. El Suši, C. Beldiman
(autori), Sibiu 2005.
Praistorija Vojvodine, B. Brukner, B. Jovanovič, N. Tasič (autori), Novi Sad 1974.
Prehistoric Bulgaria, D. W. Bailey, I. Panajotov (eds.), Madison 1995.
SAX. Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition. Report 2 - Field season 2000-2003,
Százhalombatta 2005.
Semper fidelis. In honorem magistri Mircea Ignat, B.P. Niculică, D. Boghian (eds.),
Suceava 2013.
82
Ϊ0AN BeJINARUT
Studia Archaeologica.
Şantiere arheologice.
Şimleu Silvaniei.
The Early Hallstatt.
The Early and Middle
Bronze Age.
The Thracian World.
The Yugoslav Danube.
Thracians.
Transitions to the Bronze
Age.
Viaţă privată.
Vorgeschichtliche.
Χρόνος.
*** Sălaj
Studia Archaeologica et Historica Nicolao Gudea dicata. Omagiu profesorului Nicolae
Gudea la 60 de ani / Festschrift fur Professor Nicolae Gudea gelegentlich des 60.
Geburtstages, C. Cosma, D. Tamba, A. Rustoiu (eds.), Zalău 2001.
Şantiere arheologice ale anilor 2001-2002 (pliant de expoziţie), Zalău 2002.
Şimleu Silvaniei. Monografie arheologică. (I). Istoricul cercetărilor, H. Pop, I. Bejinanu.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, D. Sana, Csók Zs. (autori), Cluj-Napoca 2006.
The early Hallstatt period (1200-700 B.C.) in south-eastern Europe, H. Ciugudean.
N. Boroffka (eds.), Alba Iulia 1994.
The Early and Middle Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. Proceedings of the
International Symposium in Alba Iulia, 24—28 September 1997, H. Ciugudean,
F. Gogâltan (eds.), Alba Iulia 1998.
The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilisations. The 7tl։Intemational Congress
of Thracology, May 1996. Report and summaries, Bucharest 1996.
The Yugoslav Danube Basin and the Neighbouring Regions in the 2nd Millennium
B.C., N. Tasič (ed.), Beograd - Vršac 1996.
Thracians and Circumpontic World (I-III). Proceedings of the Ninth International
Congress of Thracology, Chişinău - Vadul lui Vodă, 6-11 September 2004,1. Niculiţă.
A. Zanoci, M. Băţ (eds.), Chişinău 2004.
Transitions to the Bronze Age. Interregional Interraction and Socio-Cultural Change
in the Third Millenium BC Carpathian Basin and Neighbouring Regions, V. Heyd,
G. Kulcsár, V. Szeverényi (eds.), Budapest 2013.
Viaţă privată, mentalităţi colective şi imaginar social în Transilvania, S. Mitu,
F. Gogâltan (eds.), Oradea-Cluj-Napoca, 1995-1996.
Vorgeschichtliche Untersuchungen in Siebenbürgen, I. Paul (autor), Alba lulia 1995.
Χρόνος. Beiträge zur prähistorischen Archäologie zwischen Nord-und Südosteuropa.
Festschrift für Bernhard Hansel, C. Becker, M. L. Dunkelmann, C. Metzner-Nebelsick,
H. Peter-Röecher, M. Roeder, B. Teržan (hrsg.), Espelkamp 1997.
*** Sălaj. Monografie, Bucureşti 1980.
Literatură
Alexandrescu 1966
Alexandrov 1995
Andriţoiu 1992
Andritoiu - Rustoiu 1997
Audouze - Buchsenschuz
1991
Babič 2007
Bača — Bartík 2012
Bader 1978
Bader 1991
Baillie 1998
Baltag - Boroffka 1996
Bankoff- Winter 1990
A. D. Alexandrescu, Die Bronzeschwerter aus Rumänien, Dacia NS, 10,1966,117-189.
S. Alexandrov, The Early Bronze Age in Western Bulgaria. Periodization and Cultural
Definition, Prehistoric Bulgaria., 253-270.
I. Andriţoiu, Civilizaţia tracilor din sud-vestul Transilvaniei în epoca bronzului,
Bucureşti 1992.
»
I. Andriţoi, A. Rustoiu, Sighişoara - Wietenberg. Descoperirile preistorice şi aşezarea
dacică, Bucureşti 1997,
F. Audouze, O. Buchsenschutz, Town, villages and countryside of Celtic Europe,
London 1991.
S. Babič, „Translation zones’or gateway communities revisited: the case ofTrebenište and
Sindos, Between the Egea and Baltic Seas., 57-61.
R. Bača, J. Bartík, Kamenný kadlub z obce Dojč, Zborník, CVI, 2012, archeológia, 22,
39-41.
T. Bader, Epoca bronzului în nord-vestul României. Cultura pretracică şi tracică,
Bucureşti 1978.
T. Bader, Die Schwerter in Rumänien, PBF, IV, 8,1991.
M.G.L. Baillie, Evidence for Climatic Deterioration in the 12^ and l?b centuries B.C.,
Mensch und Umwelt., 49-55.
G. Baltag, N. Boroffka, Materiale arheologice preistorice de la Albeşti, jud. Mureş, SCIVA,
47,4,1996, 375-393.
H. A. Bankoff, F. A. Winter, The Later Aeneolithic in Southeastern Europe, AJA, 94/2,
1990,175-191.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului
83
Bailey 2002
Băcueţ-Crişan D. - Csók
2010
Băcueţ-Crişan D. etalü 2009
Băcueţ-Crişan S. 2000
Băcueţ-Crişan S. 2001
Băcueţ-Crişan S. 2008
Băcueţ-Crişan S. 2008 a
Băcuet-Crisan S. 2011
» *
Băcueţ-Crişan S. - Băcueţ-
Crişan D. 2001
Băcueţ-Crişan S. - Băcueţ-
Crişan D. 2008
Băcueţ-Crişan S. etalii 2002
Băcueţ-Crişan S. etalii2012
Băjenaru 2002
Băjenaru 2003
Băjenaru 2003a
Bălan 2014
Behre 1998
Bejinariu 1995
Bejinariu 1995-1996
Bejinariu 1998
Bejinariu 2001
Bejinariu 2001 a
Bejinariu 2001 b
Bejinariu 2002
Bejinariu 2003
Bejinariu 2004
Bejinariu 2004 a
D. W. Bailey, Balkan Prehistory. Exclusion, incorporation and identity, London -
New York 2002.
D. Băcueţ-Crişan, Zs. Csók, Şantierul arheologic Ip, corn. Ip, jud. Sălaj. Punct: Dealul
Bisericii, în CCA, Campania 2009, http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/cronicaCA2010/
cd/index.htm.
D. Băcueţ-Crişan, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, I. Bejinariu, H. Pop, Al. V. Matei, Cercetări arheolo-
gice preventive pe traseul şoselei ocolitoare a municipiului Zalău, Cluj-Napoca 2009.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Noi descoperiri preistorice în judeţul Sălaj, AMP, XXIII/1, 2000,9-28.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Complexe neolitice cu ceramică pictată din judeţul Sălaj, Studia archae-
ologica., 49-65.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Cultura Starcevo-Criş în Depresiunea Şimleului, Cluj-Napoca 2008.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Un cărucior de lut descoperit la Bădăcin (jud. Sălaj), APULVM, XXXV,
1998,37-41.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Neoliticul în Depresiunea Şimleului: aşezarea de la Şimleu Silvaniei
„Tudor Vladimirescu", AMP, XXXIII, 2011,49-71.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Pericei, com. Pericei,jud. Sălaj.
Punct: „Keller-tag”, CCA, Campania 2000,178.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan - D. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Lompirt, com. Sărmăşag,
jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Kövices”, CCA, Campania 2007,184—185.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, H. Pop, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Pericei, com. Pericei,
jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Keller-tag”, CCA, Campania 2001, 230-231.
S. Băcueţ-Crişan, I. Bejinariu, D. Culic, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, H. Pop, Şantierul arheologic
Port, com. Port,jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Corău”, CCA, Campania 2011,245-247.
R. Băjenaru, Date noiprivind cronologia bronzului timpuriuînjumătatea sudică a României,
APULVM, XXXIX, 2002,107-143.
R. Băjenaru, Die Keramik von typ Runcuri und die Frage der Gliederung der Glina kultur,
Bronzezeitliche Kulturerscheinungen., 15-24.
R. Băjenaru, Die Siedlung von Odaia Turcului und die Südliche Beziehungen der
Norddonauländischen Frühbronzezeit, PZ, 78,140-155, 2003.
L. Bălan, Aşezarea Wietenberg delaMiceşti, TerraSebvs, 6, 2014,25-86.
K.-E. Behre, Landwirtschaftliche Entwiklungslinien und die Veränderung Kulturlandschaft
in der Bronzezeit Europas, Mensch und Umwelt., 91-109.
I. Bejinariu, Materiale arheologice preistorice din colecţia Liceului „Simion Bărnuţiu” din
Şimleu Silvaniei, AMP, XIX, 1995,17-38.
I. Bejinariu, Despre unele amenajări de cult din epoca bronzului în nord-vestul României,
Viaţă privată., 50-55.
I. Bejinariu, The Settlements of Wietenberg culture in Şimleu Silvaniei area, The Early
and Middle Bronze Age., 243-254.
I. Bejinariu, Consideraţii privind sfârşitul culturii Wietenberg la vest de M-ţii Meseş,
RevBistriţei, XV, 2001, 21-32.
I. Bejinariu, Late Bronze Age in the Depression of Şimleu, Der Nordkarpatische Raum.,
157-174.
I. B ejinariu, Consideraţii privind descoperirile culturii Wieten berg din judeţul Sălaj, Studia
archaeologica., 95-117.
I. Bejinariu, Şantierul arheologic Plopiş, com. Plopiş, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Cucleu”, CCA,
Campania 2001, 239.
I. Bejinariu, Opinions on the Wietenberg type findsfrom Sălaj county, Bronzezeitliche
Kulturerscheinungen., 25-68.
I. Bejinariu, Săpăturile arheologice de la Giurtelecu Şimleului „Coasta lui Damian. (I)
Câteva consideraţii referitoare la staţiunile fortificate din aria culturii Wietenberg, AMP,
89 -109.
I. Bejinariu, About the fortified settlements within the area of the Wietenberg culture,
Thracians. (I), 77-90.
84
IOAN Bejinariu
Bejinariu 2005
Bejinariu 2005 a
Bejinariu 2005 b
Bejinariu 2006
Bejinariu 2006 a
Bejinariu 2011
Bejinariu 2013
Bejinariu 2013 a
Bejinariu - Lakó 2000
Bejinariu - Sana 2002
Bejinariu - Kadar 2003
Bejinariu - Csók 2004
Bejinariu - Băcueţ-Crişan
D.2007
Bejinariu - Pop 2009
Bejinariu - Băcueţ-Crişan
S. 2012
Bejinariu etalii 2009
Bejinariu et alii 2014
Bejinariu etalii2014 a
Bente 1999
J
Berciu 1966
Beşliu etalii 1992
Bolohan 2007
Bondár1994
Bondár 2001
Borofflca 1994
I. Bejinariu, Cercetările arheologice de la Giurtelecu Şimleului - „Coasta lui Damian" (III)
Descoperirile culturii Coţofeni, Sargetia, XXXIII, 2005,51-93.
I. Bejinariu, Săpăturile arheologice de la Giurtelecu Şimleului - Coasta lui Damian. (W
Descoperirile culturii Wietenberg, Omagiu profesorului Ioan Andriţoiu., 363-390.
I. Bejinariu, Beiträge zur kermtnis der Bronzemetallurgie im Nordwesten Rumäniens (un-
ter Berücksichtigung des Oberlaufes von Crasna und Barcău / Contribuţii la cunoaşterea
metalurgiei bronzului în nord-vestul României (cursul superior al Crasnei şi al Barcăului),
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien (II)., 47-74.
I. Bejinariu, Precursorii. „Arheologi” şi colecţionari, Şimleu Silvaniei., 15-18.
I. Bejinariu, Descoperiri din epoca bronzului şi prima epocă a fierului, Şimleu Silvaniei.,
31-44.
I. Bejinariu, Noi descoperiri ale culturii Wietenberg din zona oraşului Şimleu Silvaniei,
AMP, XXXIII, 2011, 73-89.
I. Bejinariu, Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea culturii Coţofeni. Descoperirile de la
Leşmir- Dealul lui Kun (¡ud. Sălafi, AMP, XXXV, 2013, 81-101.’
I. Bejinariu, Strategie şi prestigiu. Controlul accesului prin trecătoarea de la Marca (valea
Barcăului) în preistorie şi antichitate, ARHEOVEST, I, 2013,461-472.
I. Bejinariu, É. Lakó, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea Bronzului târziu din nord-vestul României.
Aşezarea de la Crasna, AMP, XXIII/1,2000,163-219.
I. Bejinariu, D. Sana, Şantierul arheologic Giurtelecu Şimleului, jud. Sălaj. Punct „Coasta
lui Damian”, CCA, Campania 1999, http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/newcronica2000/
indici/cronica.htm.
I. Bejinariu, M. Kadar, Toporul din perioada timpurie a epocii bronzului de la Şasa, In
Memóriám Nicolae Chidioşan., 47-59.
I. Bejinariu - Zs. Csók, Şantierul arheologic Şimleu Silvaniei. Punct: „Pământul lui
Bacsadi”, CCA, Campania 2003,337.
I. Bejinariu, D. Băcueţ-Crişan. Şantierul arheologic Marca, corn. Marca, jud. Sălaj. Punct:
„Primăria Nouă”, CCA, Campania 2006,223-224.
I. Bejinariu, H. Pop, Şantierul arheologic Recea Mare, corn. Vârşolţ, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Valea
Sulduba”, CCA Campania 2008,338-339.
I. Bejinariu, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Leşmir, corn. Marca, jud. Sălaj. Punct:
„DealulluiKuhn /Kuhnhégy”, CCA, Campania 2011,232-233.
I. Bejinariu, D. A. Băcueţ-Crişan, S. O. Băcueţ-Crişan, Al. V. Matei, H. Pop, Şantierul
arheologic Cehei, oraş Şimleu Silvaniei, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Nove”, str. Pustă, CCA,
Campania 2008,284-285.
I. Bejinariu, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, D. Culic, H. Pop, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Date preliminare des-
pre săpăturile arheologice preventive efectuate pe traseul autostrăzii Transilvania, sector 3C,
judeţ Sălaj, Banatica, 24 -1,2014, 85-104.
I. Bejinariu, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, D. V. Culic, Cercetări arheologice preventive pe traseul
Autostrăzii Transilvania. Descoperirile Bronzului târziu din zona comunei Marca, judeţul
Sălaj, Cluj-Napoca 2014.
F. Benţe, Depresiunea Şimleului, Cluj-Napoca 1999.
D. Berciu, Zorile istoriei în Carpaţişila Dunăre, Bucureşti 1966.
C. Beşliu, G. Lazarovici, A. Olariu, O piesă de cupru din Sălaj şi câteva probleme teoretice
privind analizele de cupru preistoric în Muzeul din Cluj, AMP, XVI, 1992,97-128.
N. Bolohan, New stories about„buffer territories”in the Balkans, Between theAegean and
BalticSeas., 307-314.
M. Bondar, Eine frühbronzezeitliche Siedlung in Börzönce, Komitat Zala (Vorbericht),
Zalai Muzeum, 5,1994, 9-19.
M. Bondár, Adatok a Délnyugat-Dúnantúl kora bronzkori kutatási problémáihoz, Zalai
Múzeum, 10,2001,67-79.
N. Boroffka, Die Wietenberg-kultur. Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Bronzezeit in
Südosteuropa, Bonn 1994.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 85
Boroffka 1998
Bona 1958
Bòna 1965
Bòna 1975
Bòna 1992
Bòna 1992 a
Bòna 1992 b
Brorsson - Grönberg 2001
Brudiu 1993
Cavruc 1997
Cârciumaru 1996
Chidioşan 1974
Chidioşan 1980
Chidioşan - Ordentlich 1975
Chidioşan - Ordentlich
1975 a ’
Childe 1929
Ciugudean 1986
Ciugudean 1994
Ciugudean 1994 a
Ciugudean 1996
Ciugudean 1996 a
Ciugudean 1997a
Ciugudean 2000
Ciugudean 2003
Costea - Székely 2011
Crăciunescu - Văcuţă 2011
Crişan et alii 2009
Csăny - Stanczik 1992
Dani 1999
N. Boroffka, Bronzé und- Früheisenzeitliche Geweihtrensenknebel aus Rümanien und ihre
Beziehungen. Alte Funde aus dem Museum Jur Geschichte Aiud. Teii 2, EurAntiq, 4,1998,
81-195.
I. Bòna, Chronologie derHorţfund vom Koszider-typus, AAH, 9,1958, 213-243.
I. Bòna, The Peoples of southern origin ofthe Early Bronzé Age in Hungary (I-II), Alba
Regia, IV-V, 1963-1964 (1965), 17-65.
I. Bòna, Die Mittlere Bronzezeit Ungam und ihre Südöstlichen Beziehungen,
Budapest 1975.
I Bòna, Bronzezeitliche Tell-kulturen in Ungam, Bronzezeit in Ungam., 9-39.
I. Bòna, Bronzeguji und Metallbearbeitung bis zum Ende der mittleren Bronzezeit,
Bronzezeit in Ungam., 48-65.
I. Bòna, Wagen und Wagenmodelle in der Tell-kulturen, Bronzezeit in Ungam.,73-75.
T. Brorsson, E. Grönberg, The potteryfrom the ritual complex of thè Wietenberg culture in
Cluj-Napoca, Romania, AMN, 38/1,2001, 7-16.
M. Brudiu, Cercetări arheologice în zona Boghiş - Şimleu Silvaniei, AMP, XVII, 1993,
191-198.
V. Cavruc, The Final Stage ofthe Early Bronze Age in South-Eastern ofTransylvania (on the
lightofnewexcavations at Zoltán), TD, XVIII, 1997,97-133.
M. Cârciumaru, Paleobotanica (Studii în preistoria şi protoistoria României), Iaşi
1996.
N. Chidioşan, Sincronismele apusene ale culturii Wietenberg stabilite pe baza importurilor
ceramice, Crisia, 4,1974,153-176.
N. Chidioşan, Contribuţii la istoria tracilor din nord-vestul României. Aşezarea
Wietenberg de la Derşida, Oradea 1980.
N. Chidioşan, I. Ordentlich, Cămcioare miniatură din lut aparţinând culturii Otomani
(epoca bronzului) de pe teritoriul României, Crisia, XII, 1982,61-86.
N. Chidioşan, I. Ordentlich, Un templu-megaron din epoca bronzului de la Sălacea, Crisia,
5,1975,15-26.
G. Childe, The Danube in Prehistory, Oxford 1929.
H. Ciugudean, Grupul Bedeleu şi câteva consideraţii privind epoca timpurie a bronzului în
vestul Transilvaniei, APULVM, XXII, 1986,67-82.
H. Ciugudean, Perioada Hallstatt A în centrul Transilvaniei, APULVM, XXXI, 1994,
59-73.
H. Ciugudean, The Hallstatt A period in Central Transilvania, The Early Hallstatt.,
25-40.
H. Ciugudean, Epoca timpurie a bronzului în centrul şi sud-vestul Transilvaniei,
Bucureşti 1996.
H. Ciugudean, The Early Bronze Age in Central and South-Western Transylvania, The
Thracian World., 254—255.
H. Ciugudean, Consideraţii privind sfârşitul culturii Wietenberg în Transilvania, Cercetări
privind epoca bronzului., 65-97.
H. Ciugudean, Eneoliticul final în Transilvania şi Banat. Cultura Coţofeni, Bucureşti
2000.
H. Ciugudean, Noi contribuţii privind bronzul timpuriu din Transilvania, APULVM, XL,
2003,89-122.
I. Costea, Zs. Székely, Aspect ofthe Ritual Life ofthe Wietenberg culture. Miniature Religios
Shrinesfrom Racoş, Transylvania, Bronze Age Ritus.,107-114,
G. Crăciunescu, G.E. Văcuţă, O locuinţă Coţofeni de la Gârla Mare, judeţul Mehedinţi,
Sargetia, S.N., II (XXXVIII), 2011,9-15.
V. Crişan, P. Pupeză, Sz. Nagy, B. Gergely, T. Tecar, Şantierul arheologic Ghiorghieni,
corn. Feleacufud. Cluj. Punct: „Valea Mare”, CCA, Campania 2008,303-305.
M. Csány, I. Stanczik, Tiszaug„Kéménytető”, Bronzezeit in Ungam., 115-119.
J. Dani, A kora bronzkori Nyírség-kultúra települései Polgár határában, DMÉ, 1997-1998
(1999), 49-128.
86
IOAN Bejinarju
Dani 2001 J. Dani, A Kárpát-medence ÉK-i részének kulturális és kronológiai kérdései a kora
bronzkor időszakában, MflMOE L, 2001,129-161.
Dani - Kis-Varga 2000 J. Dani, M. Kis-Varga, Fajszi típusú rézbalta Hajdúdorog-Szállásfóldekről, ŐL, 2, 2000.
27-30.
Dani - Tóth 2014 J. Dani, K. Tóth, Reflections on the Early Bronze Age contact Systems on the Great Hungárián
Piain in connection with Panyola burial, Arheologie in context., 39-66.
David 2002 W. David, Studien zu Ornamentik und Datierung der bronzezeitlichen
Depotfundgruppe Hajdúsámson-Apa-Ighiel-Zajta, Alba Iulia 2002.
Dároczi 2011 T. T. Dároczi, Associations oft archaeological finds in Middle Bronze Age centres of the
Eastern Carpathian Basin - aspects ofpower, ATS, X, 2011,113-140.
Diaconescu 2009 D. Diaconescu, Cultura Tiszapolgár in Romania, Sibiu 2009.
Dietrich L. 2010 L. Dietrich, Eliten der frühen und mittleren Bronzezeit im südöstlichen Karpatenbecken,
PZ, 85,2010,191-206.
Dietrich L. 2014 L. Dietrich, Datele radiocarbon din aşezarea aparţinând epocii bronzului de la Rotbav
(jud. Braşov, România), SCIVA, 65,1-2, 2014,59-70.
Dietrich L. 2014 a L. Dietrich, Die mittlere un späte Bronzezeit und die ältere Eisenzeit in
Südostsiebenbürgen auf grund der Siedlung von Rotbav, UPA 248, Bonn 2014.
Dietrich O. 2011 O. Dietrich, Kinderspielzeug oder Kultobjekte? Überlegungen zu anthropomorphen
Figurinen der Wietenberg-und Tei- Kultur, Bronze Age Ritus., 87-106.
Dietrich L. - Dietrich O. 2011 L. Dietrich, O. Dietrich, Wietenberg ohne Mykene? Gedanken zu Herkunft und Bedeutung
der Keramikverzierung der Wietenberg-kultur, PZ, 86, 2011, 67-84.
Dimitrijevič 1997 B. Dimitrijevič, Uloga Vučedolske kulture u genezi njezinih nasljednika, (m agi s tarska
rad, mentor: prof. dr. M. Zaninovič), Zagreb 1997.
Dumitraşcu 1967 S. Dumitraşcu, Colecţia arheologică „Eugen Potoran", LucrŞt, 1,1967,73-78.
Dumitraşcu 1971 S. Dumitraşcu, Dacidava?, Crisia, 1,1971,39-46.
Dumitraşcu 1989 S. Dumitraşcu, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea tehnologiei metalurgiei din epoca bronzului în
judeţul Bihor, Crisia, XIX, 1989,119-168.
Dumitraşcu --- Căbuz 1971 S. Dumitraşcu, I. Căbuz, Descoperiri arheologice la Şimleu Silvaniei, LucrŞt, II, 1971,
25-30.
Dumitrescu 1974 V. Dumitrescu, Arta preistorică în România, Bucureşti 1974.
Dušek 1969 M. Dušek, Birituelles Gräberfeld der Karpatenländlischen Hügelgräberkultur in Dolny
Peter, Bronzezeitliche Gräberfeld., 50-81.
Ecsedy 1979 I. Ecsedy, Die Siedlung der Somogyvár-Vinkovci-kultur bei Szava und einige Fragen der
Frühbronzezeit in Südpannonien, ÉvkPécs, 23,1978 (1979), 97-136.
El Susi 2005 G. El Susi, Cercetări arheozoologice, Peştera Cauce.(I), 120-124.
El Susi 2009 G. El Susi, Data about animal exploitation at Racoş - Piatra Detunată / Durduia (county
Braşov, Romania) in the Bronz Age and Hallstattian habitations, ATS, VIII, 2009,229-242.
Emödi 2002 J. Emödi, O aşezare din epoca bronzului de la Palota Veche, EphNap, XII, 2002,5-35.
Facko 1989-1993 T. Facko, Cercetări etnoarheologice asupra ceramicii şi olăritului tradiţional din satul Manta
(Republica Mali), AMN, 26-30/2,1989-1993,535-551.
Fazecas 1996-1997 G. Fazecaş, Aspecte privind aşezările culturii Otomani de pe teritoriul României, Crisia,
» XXVI-XXVII, 1996-1997,51-65.
Fântâneanu etalii 2014 C. Fântâneanu, G. Bălan, S. Popa, D. Tentiş, Necropola din epoca bronzului dela Sebeş-
între răstoace, în Necropola din epoca bronzuluL., 1-20.
Fetzer 1896 J. F. Fetzer, A szilágyvármegey leletekről, AÉ, 16,1896, 60---65.
Fetzer 1897 J. F. Fetzer, Szilágysági régiségekről, AÉ, 17,1897,356-359.
Fetzer 1898 J. F. Fetzer, Szilágysági leletekről, AÉ, 18,1898,416---423.
Figler 1994 A. Figler, Die Fragen der Frühbronzezeit in Nord-west-Transdanubien, Zalai Muzeum, 5,
1994, 21-38.
Florescu 1991 A.C. Florescu, Repertoriul culturii Noua-Coslogeni din Romania. Aşezări şi necropole,
CultCivDunărea de Jos, VIII, 1991.
Garasanin 1987 M. Garasanin, Kulturhistorische undEtnische Probleme des Aeneolitikums an der unteren
Donau, Hügelbestattung., 31-36.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 87
Garasanin 1991
Gerling - Ciugudean 2013
Gaiu 2002
Ghemiş 1998
Gimbutas 1989
Gogâltan 1996
Gogâltan 1998
Gogâltan 1999
Gogâltan 2001
Gogâltan 2003
Gogâltan 2003 a
Gogâltan 2008
Gogâltan 2008 a
Gogâltan - Tamba 1992
Gogâltan etalii 1992
Gumă 1992
Gumă 1993
Gumă 1995
Gumă 1997
Gyulai 1993
Haimovici 2003
Hampel 1889
Hansen 2009
Harding 1997
Harding 1998
Harding 2007
Hansel 1968
Hansel 1998
Hodder1982
M. Garasanin, Der Übergangvom Neolithikum zur Frühbronzezeit auf dem Balkan und an
der Unteren Donau. Ein Rückblick nach dreißig Jahren, Die Kupferzeit., 205-216.
C. Gerling, H. Ciugudean, Insights into the Transylvanian Early Bronze Age using stron-
tiul and oxygen isotope Analyses: A Pilot Study, Transition to the Bronze Age., 181-202.
C. Gaiu, Şantierul arheologic Stupini, com. Sânmihaiu de Câmpie, jud. Bistriţa Năsăud.
Punct: „Fânaţele Archiudulu!’, CCA, Campania 2001,301-302.
C. Ghemiş, Note privind metalurgia bronzului în nord-vestul României, Crisia, XXVIII,
1998,189-195.
M. Gimbutas, Civilizaţie şi cultură. Vestigii preistorice în sud-estul European,
Bucureşti 1989.
F. Gogâltan, About the Early Bronze Age in the Románián Banat, The YugoslavDanube.,
43-68.
F. Gogâltan, Early and Middle Bronze Age Chronology in south-west Romania. General
aspects, The Early and Middle Bronze Age., 191-212.
F. Gogâltan, Bronzul timpuriu şi mijlociu în Banatul românesc şi pe cursul inferior al
Mureşului Cronologia şi descoperirile de metal, Timişoara 1999.
F. Gogâltan, ThesettlementofCăşeiu andsomeproblems concerning the Late Bronze Age in
the Center and Northern Transylvania, Der Nordkarpatische Raum., 194—214.
F. Gogâltan, Apariţia tell-urilor epocii bronzului în Bazinul Carpatic. Probleme de cronolo-
gie, EphNap, XII, 2003 (2005), 4-40.
F. Gogâltan, Die neolitische Tellsiedlungen in Karpatenbecken. Ein Überblick, Morgenrot
der Kulturen., 223-262.
F. Gogâltan, Locuirile din „Piaţa Alimentară”, din preistorie până în evul mediu. Epoca
bronzului, Contribuţii arheologice., 26-48.
F. Gogâltan, Fortificaţiile tell-urilor epocii bronzului din Bazinul Carpatic. O privire genera-
lă, AnBanatului, SN, arheologie-istorie, XVI, 2008,81-100.
F. Gogâltan, D. Tamba, Materiale arheologice aparţinând culturii Wietenberg descoperite la
Şimleu Silvaniei, AMP, XVI, 1992,61-78.
F. Gogâltan, S. Cociş, A. Paki, Săpături de salvare la Cluj - Becaş, 1989, EphNap, II, 1992,
7-17.
M. Gumă, Prima epocă a fierului în zona de sud a Banatului (jud. Caras Severin),
SympThrac, 9,1992,26-37.
M. Gumă, Civilizaţia primei epoci a fierului în sud-vestul României, Bucureşti 1993.
M. Gumă, The end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in south-wes-
tern Romania, eastern Serbia andnorth-westem Bulgaria, TD, XVI, 1-2,1995,99-137.
M. Gumă, Epoca bronzului în Banat. Orizonturi cronologice şi manifestări culturale,
Timişoara 1997.
F. Gyulai, Environment and Agriculture in Bronze Age Hungary, Budapest 1993.
S. Haimovici, Resturile animaliere şi umane dintr-o groapă de cult (groapa 4) a culturii
Wietenberg de la Oarţa de Sus-Ghiile Boţii, Marmatia, 7/1,2003,57-64.
J. Hampel, A múzeumi régiségosztály az 1889 április-szeptemberi időszakban, AÉ, 9,1889,
375-378.
Sv. Hansen, Kupferzeitliche Äxte zwischen des 5. und 3. Jahrtausend in Südosteuropa,
AnBanatului, S.N. arheologie-istorie, XVII, 2009,141-160.
A. Harding, Wie große waren der Gruppenverbände der bronzezeitlicher Welt?, Χρόνος.,
443-451.
A. Harding, Resources and their distribution in the European Bronze Age, Mensch und
Umwelt., 149-155.
A. Harding, Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europa, Budapest 2007.
B. Hansel, Beiträge zur Chronologie der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken,
Bonn 1968.
B. Hansel, Die Bronzezeit als erste europäische Epoche, Mensch und Umwelt., 19-26.
I. Hodder, Symbols in action. Etnoarchaeological studies of material culture,
Cambridge 1982.
88
Io an Bejinariu
Horedt 1960
Horedt 1967
Horejs 2007
Horváth 2011
Hundt 1982
Huttel 1978
Ilon 2006
Kacsó 1972
Kacsó 1980
Kacsó 1987
Kacsó 1990
Kacsó 1995
Kacsó 1997
Kacsó 1998
Kacsó 1999
Kacsó 2003
Kacsó 2004
Kacsó 2004 a
Kacsó 2007
Kacsó 2007 a
Kacsó 2011
Kacsó 2013
Kalicz 1968
Kalicz 1982
Kalicz 1984
Kalicz 1984 a
Kalmar - Pop 1988
Kiss - Bernhard-Walcher
1999
Kohl 2007
Kovács M. 1978
Kovács 1970
Kovács 1988
Kovács 1994
K. Horedt, Die Wietenbergkultur, Dacia NS, IV, 1960,107-137.
K. Horedt, Problemele ceramicii bronzului evoluat în Transilvania, StComSibiu 13,1967
137-156.
B. Horejs, Macedonia: mediator or buffer zone between cultural spheres, Between the
Aegean and Baltic Seas., 293-306.
T. Horváth, Hajdúnánás-Tedej-Lyukas-halom ֊ An Interdisciplinary Survey of a typicai
Kurganfrom the Great Hungárián Piain region: a case study (the revision ofthe kurgans
from the territory of Hungary), Kurgan Studies., 71-131.
H. J. Hundt, Einige technologisch-chronologische Bemerkungen zu den Schaftlochäxten, 11
passagio dal neolitico., 153-164.
H.G. Huttel, Zur Enddatierung der Otomani-und Wietenbergkultur, Germania, 56,1978,
424-433.
G. Ilon, Bronzezeitliche Gussformen in dem Karpatenbecken, Bronzezeitliche
Depotfunde., 273-301.
C. Kacsó, Contribuţii la problema începuturilor epocii bronzului în nord-vestul României,
SCIV, 23,1,1972,31-44.
C. Kacsó, Descoperiri din epoca bronzului în Depresiunea Sălajului, AMP, IV, 1980,37-46.
C. Kacsó, Beiträge zurkenntnis der Verbreitungsgebietes und der Chronologie der Suciu de
Sus-kultur, Dacia, N.S., XXXI,1-2,1987,51-75.
C. Kacsó, Bronzul târziu în nord-vestul României, SympThrac, 8,1990,41-50.
C. Kacsó, Date noi cu privire la prima fază a culturii Suciu de Sus, APULVM, XXXII, 1995,
83-99.
C. Kacsó, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea bronzului timpuriu din nord-vestul Transilvaniei.
Descoperirile Makó de la Ciumeşti, Berea şi Foieni, AMN, 34,1,1997,425-434.
C. Kacsó, Ein Sondeiform der Wietenberg-keramik: die Geschlitzte Tonröhre, The Early
and Middle Bronze Age., 255-266.
C. Kacsó, Date noi cu privire la preistoria Maramureşului, Angustia, 4,1999,155-170.
C. Kacsó, Descoperiri Wietenbergla Lăpuş, In Memóriám Nicolae Chidioşan., 77-99.
C. Kacsó, Descoperiri Coţofeni de la Oarţa de Sus - Oul Făgetului, RevBistriţei, XVIII,
2004,29-37.
C. Kacsó, Mărturii arheologice, Baia Mare 2004.
C. Kacsó, Descoperiri de bronzuri din nordul Transilvaniei (I). Colecţia Ferenc Floth,
Baia Mare 2007.
C. Kacsó, „Importuri” Suciu de Sus în culturile epocii bronzului din Transilvania,
RevBistriţei, XXI/1,2007,43-62.
C. Kacsó, Repertoriul arheologic al judeţului Maramureş, I-II, Baia Mare 2011.
C. Kacsó, Câteva observată cu privire la o monografie a culturii Wietenberg, Semper fide-
lis., 125-140.
N. Kalicz, Die Frühbronzezeit Nordostungam, Budapest 1968.
N. Kalicz, Die terminologischen und chronologischen Probleme der Kupfer-und Bronzezeit
in Ungarn, II passagio dal neolitico., 117-137.
N. Kalicz, Die Makó-Kultur, Kulturen der Frühbronzezeit., 93-108.
N. Kalicz, Nyírség-Kultur, Kulturen der Frühbronzezeit., 109-123.
Z. Kalmar, P. Pop, Descoperiri arheologice în comuna Agríj, AMP, XII, 1988, 71-83.
A. Kiss, A. Bernhard-Walcher, Szilágysomlyó. A gepida királyok aranykincsei,
Budapest 1999.
P. L. Kohl, The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia, Cambridge 2007.
M. Kovács, Contribuţu noi la cercetarea arheologică a satului Zăuan (jud. Sălaj), AMP, II,
1978,17-28.
T. Kovács, A Hajdúbagosi bronzkori temető, FÁ, XXXI, 1970, TI—Al.
T. Kovács, Die Bronzezeitliche Siedlung von Sütő - ein kurze Uberschicht, SlovArch,
XXXVI, 1,1988,119-132.
T. Kovács, Zwei Vollgriffschwerter vom Hajdúsamson - Apa-typ aus dem Donau-Theiß
zwieschenstromgebiet, FÁ, XLIII, 1994, 51-69.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului
89
kőszegi 1957 F. Kőszegi, Keleti típusú bronzkori balták a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeumbam, FA, 9, 1957,
47-62.
kulcsár 1998 G. Kulcsár, The distribution of the Makó-culture in south-eastem Hungary, The Early and
Middle Bronze Age., 31-53.
kulcsár 1999 G. Kulcsár, Kora bronzkori belső talpas tálak a Dunántúlon, Savaria, P.A., 24/3,1998-1999
(1999), 115-139.
kulcsár 2002 G. Kulcsár, Die Makó-Kosihy-Caka-Kultur im Spiegel einiger Bestattungen, Antaeus, 25,
2002,441-475.
kulcsár 2013 G. Kulcsár, Glimpses ofthe Third Millenium BC in the Carpathian Basin, Moments in
time., 643---659.
kulcsár - Szeverényi 2013 G. Kulcsár, V. Szeverényi, Transition to the Bronze Age: Issues of Continuity and
Discontinui ty in thefirst half ofthe third Millenium BCin theCarpathian Basin, Transitions
to the Bronze Age.67-92.
Lakó 1978 É. Lakó, Raport prehminar de cercetare arheologică efectuată în aşezarea neolitică de la
Zăuan (jud. Sălaj) în anul 1977, AMP, II, 1978,11-15.
Lakó 1979 É. Lakó, Repertoriul topoarelor de aramă din judeţul Sălaj, AMP, TII, 1979,41-49.
Lakó 1981 É. Lakó, Repertoriul topografic al epocii pietrei şi a perioadei de tranziţie spre epoca bronzu¬
lui în judeţul Sălaj, AMP, V, 1981, 37-119.
Lakó 1983 É. Lakó, Repertoriul topografic al epocii bronzului şi al hallstattului timpuriu în judeţul
Sălaj, AMP, VII, 1983, 69-100.
Lakó 1987 É. Lakó, Piese de bronz din aşezarea de cultură Otomani de la Crasna (jud. Sălaj), AMP, XI,
1987, 77-81.
Lakó - Rád 1988 É. Lakó, V. Rad, Raport preliminar de cercetare arheologică la Cehei - Misig, AMP, XII,
1988,77-81.
Lazarovici etalii 1989-1993 Gh. Lazarovici, Z. Maxim, P. Gyulai, Descoperiri arheologice în comuna Săvădisla (jud.
Cluj) şi câteva probleme privind epoca neolitică şi a bronzului, AMN, 26-30,1/1,1989-1993.
Lazarovici et alii 1996 Gh. Lazarovici, Z. Maxim, M. Meşter, A. Bulbuc, S. Radu, Şantierul arheologic Iclod.
Campania din 1995, AMN, 33,1, 267-300.
László 2011 A. László, Eine Kultstelle der Wietenberg-kultur aus FüvenyestetőAnhöhe bei Mainas Băi
(Südostsiebenbürgen)?, Bronze Age Ritus., 115-130.
Leahu1988 V. Leahu, Obiecte din metal şi mărturii ale practicării metalurgiei în aria culturii Tei,
SCIVA, 39,3,1988, 223-241.
Liusnea 2007 M. D. Liuşnea, Observaţii privind perioada Bronzului timpuriu în sud-estul Europei, Peuce,
S.N.,V, 2007, 77-106.
Lobontiu 1922 E. Lobonţiu, Descoperirea unor urme ale existenţei omului primitiv la Giurtelecu Şimleului,
Sălajul, 23 XI1922,1-2.
Mac - Idu 1992 I. Mac, P.D. Idu, Geografia României, IV, Bucureşti 1992.
Machnik 1990 I. Machnik, Aus dem Studien über die Anfänge des frühbronzezeitlichen Kulturkomplexes
in Mittel- und Südosteuropa, Starinar, XL-XLI, 1989-1990 (1990), 95-104.
Makarovicz - Milecka 1999 P. Makarovicz, K. Milecka, Society and Environment. A case study of Early Bronze Age
settlementfrom Rybiny, Kujawy, Poland, ArchPolona, 37,1999, 49-70.
Manzura 1996 I. Manzura, Long before RigVeda, The Thracian World., 208-209.
Marc 2012 A. Marc, Consideraţii cu privire la „capetele de băţ” din cultura Wietenberg, Sargetia, III
(XXXIX), N.S. 2012, 91-100.
Marinescu G. 2005 G. Marinescu, Urnenfelderzeitliche Bronzefunde aus Nordosten Siebenbürgens,
Bronzefunde aus Rümanien (IT)., 265-284.
Marinescu G. G. 2008 G.G. Marinescu, La necropole de crémation de Fântănele „între Acăţi" (dép. de Bistriţa-
Năsăud) datée ăl'âge du Bronze, Funeral Practices., 151-160.
Marta 2009 L. Marta, The Late Bronze Age settlements of Petea - Csengersima, Satu Mare 2009.
Mátéi etalii2004 Al. V. Matei, H. Pop, M. András, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Zalău, jud. Sălaj.
Punct:„DealulLupului (Farkas Domb)”, CCA, Campania 2003, 375-378.
Mátéi etalii2005 Al. V. Matei, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, I. Bejinariu, H. Pop, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, A. Cârstea,
Şantierul arheologic Fericei, corn. Peticei, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Keller-tag", CCA, Campania
2004, 259-263.
90
Io A N Bejinariu
Matei et alii 2005 a
Mazare 2012
Mâthé 1988
Meier-Arendt 2007
Moga 1950
Moldovan 2009
Molnár 2000
Molnár - Imecs 2006
Morariu - Sorocovschi 1972
Morintz 1978
Motzoi-Chicideanu 2011
Mozsolics 1967
Mozsolics 1985
Muscâ 1979
Nagy 2009
Neagu 1993
Nestor 1933
Németi 1999
Németi - Roman 1995
Németi - Molnár 2001
Németi - Molnár 2002
Németi - Molnár 2012
Nováki 1983
Ordentlich 1970
Ordentlich 1974
Palincas 1999-2000
Paul 1995
Párvan 1926
Petre-Govora 1988
Petrescu-Dímbovita 1977
Al. V. Matei, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, A. Cârstea, Şantierul arheologic Heredean, com. Hereclean.
jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Dămbu’Iazului", CCA, Campania 2004,174-175.
P. Mazăre, Definirea şi clasificarea artefactelor preistorice destinate torsului: fusaiolele.
Terra Sebvs, 4,2012,103-131.
M. Sz. Máthé, Bronze Age Telis in the Berettyovalley, Bronze Age teil Settlements.,
27-123.
W. Meier-Arendt, Despre noţiunea de cultură în neoliticul european, SCIVA, 58,3-4,2007.
393-399.
M. Moga, Traiul populaţiei daco-romane şi barbare la graniţa de vest a Daciei, SCIV, 1,
1950,131-135.
E. Moldovan, Contribuţii la iconografia culturii Wietenberg, APULVM, 46, 1, 2009,
287-312.
Zs. Molnár, Despre cronologia bronzului timpuriu pe valea superioară a Mureşului, AMP,
XXTII/I, 2000, 29-54.
Zs. Molnár, Z. Imecs, Adatok a Nagykároly-síkság és az Ér-vidék településhálózatának
kutatásához, Dolgozatok, Ú.S. I (XI), 2006,29-87.
T. Morariu, V. Sorocovschi, Judeţul Sălaj, Bucureşti 1972.
S. Morintz, Contribuţii arheologice la istoria tracilor timpurii (I), Bucureşti 1978.
I. Motzoi-Chicideanu, Obiceiuri funerare în epoca bronzului la Dunărea mijlocie şi
inferioară, I—II, Bucureşti 2011.
A. Mozsolics, Bronzefunde des Karpatenbeckens. Depotfundhorizonte von
Hajdúsámson und Kosziderpadlás, Budapest 1967.
A. Mozsolics, Bronzefunde aus Ungarn. Depotfundhorizonte von Aranyos, Kurd und
Gyermely, Budapest 1985.
T. Muscă, Unele observaţii în legătură cu fenomenul cultural Ciomortan, APULVM, XVII,
1979, 87-89.
J. -G. Nagy, The WietenbergSitefromFloreşti-Poligon (Cluj County. A Study of Settlement
Archaeology, Bronze Age Communities., 151-182.
M. Neagu, The eastem component of the Coslogeni culture, CultCivDunărea de Jos, X,
1993,165-192.
I. Nestor, Der Stand der Vorgeschichtforschung in Rumänien, BerRGK, 22,1932 (1933),
11-181.
J. Németi, Repertoriul arheologic al zonei Careiului, Bucureşti 1999.
J. Németi - P. I. Roman, Epoca bronzului timpuriu din nord-vestul României (grupul cultu-
ral Sanislău), StComSM, XI-XII, 1994-1995 (1995), 25-32.
J. Németi, Zs. Molnár, Data about the beginning of the Teil- Settlementsfiom the N-V part
of Romania, Studia Archaeologica., 67-93.
J. Németi, Zs. Molnár, A teli telep elterjedése a Nagykároly-síkságon és az Ér
völgyében, Koloszvár 2002.
J. Németi, Zs. Molnár, Bronzkori hatalmi központok Északnyugat - Erdélyben: a
Nagykároly - Bobáld - teli, Szeged 2012.
Gy. Nováki, Régészeti és paleoethnobotanikai adatok a „gabonásvermek” kérdéséhez,
MMMK, 1981-1983 (1983), 57-94.
I. Ordentlich, Die Chronologische Gliederung der Otomanikultur auf dem rumäniscen
Gebiet und ihre wichtigsten Merkmale, Dacia N.S., XIV, 1970, 83-97.
I. Ordentlich, Aspecte privind cultura Otomani, Crisia, 4,1974,135-151.
N. Palincaş, Un topor de bronz găsit la Bucureşti şi câteva observaţii cu privire la tipul
Pădureni, BMTA, 5-6,1999-2000, 263-269.
I. Paul, Die Wietenberg-Nekropole und- Siedlung von Sibişeni - „Deasupra satului”
(Gemeinde Vinţu de Jos, Kreis Alba), Vorgeschichtliche., 164—197.
V. Pârvan, Getica. O încercare de protoistorie a Daciei, Bucureşti 1926.
Gh. Petre-Govora, Descoperiri arheologice din Oltenia privind epoca timpurie a bronzului,
TD, IX, 1988,137-147.
M. Petrescu-Dîmboviţa, Depozitele de bronzuri din România, Bucureşti 1977.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 91
Top 1997 H. Pop, The repertoire of discoveries from the Roman Age beyond the Limes on the teritory
of Sălaj county (2°d֊4'b) / Repertoriul descoperirilor de epocă romană din afara limesului pe
teritoriul judeţului Sălaj (sec. 11-IV p. Ch.), AMP, XXI, 1997,457---476.
Pop 2002 H. Pop, Şantierul arheologic Halmăşd, corn. Halmăşd, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Biserică”, CCA,
Campania 2001,150.
Pop 2002 a H. Pop, Şantierul arheologic de salvare Şimleu Silvaniei, str. George Bariţiu, Şantiere
arheologice., 15.
Pop 2008 H. Pop, Argint dacic sălăjean, Cluj-Napoca 2008.
Pop ֊ Marchiş 2010 H. Pop, I. Marchiş, Şantierul arheologic Şimleu Silvaniei,jud. Sălaj. Punct: „T. Vladimirescu,
ar. 7”, CCA, Campania 2009 http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/cronicaCA2010/cd/in-
dex.htm.
Pop e talii 2000 H. Pop, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Peticei, corn. Pericei.jud.
Sălaj. Punct:„Kel’ler-tag”, CCA, Campania 1999,73-74.
Pop etalii 2000 a H. Pop, I. Bejinariu, D. Băcueţ-Crişan, S. Băcueţ-Crişan, Şantierul arheologic Şimleu
Silvaniei, oraş Şimleu Silvaniei, jud. Sălaj. Punct: „Observator”, CCA, Campania 1999,
102-103.
Popa 1997-1998 C .1. Popa, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea perioadei de tranziţie de la eneolitic la epoca bronzului
în bazinul Cugirului (II), Sargetia, XXVII/1,1997-1998,51-102.
Popa 2005 C.I. Popa, Manifestări culturale la finalul Bronzului timpuriu şi începutul Bronzului mijlo¬
ciu în Transilvania, Omagiu profesorului loan Andriţoiu., 51-183.
Popa 2009 C. I. Popa, Cultura Coţofeni. Cu privire specială asupra Transilvaniei, teză de doctorat,
coord. şt. prof. univ. dr. luliu Paul, Universitatea „1 Decembrie 1918” Alba Iulia, Alba
Iulia 2009 (Mss).
Popa 2012 C. I. Popa, Contribuţii la preistoria Văii Sebeşului. Locuiri Coţofeni din zona deluroa¬
să, Alba Iulia 2012.
Popa - Simina 2004 C.I.Popa, N. M. Simina, Cercetări arheologice la Lancrăm - Glod, Alba Iulia 2004.
Popa - Totoianu 2010 C.I. Popa, R. Totoianu, Aspecte ale epocii bronzului în Transilvania (între vechile şi
noile cercetări), Sebeş 2010.
Popa - Fazecaş 2013 C.I. Popa, G. Fazecaş, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea etapei finale a culturii Coţofeni în Crişana.
Aşezarea de la Tăşad (jud. Bihor), APULVM, L, 2013,47-85.
Popa - Boroffka 1996 D. Popa, N. Boroffka, Consideraţii privind cultura Noua. Aşezarea de la Ţichindeal,
jud. Sibiu, SCIVA, 47,1,1996, 51-6L
Popescu1965 D. Popescu, Asupra începuturilor epocii bronzului în România (III), SCIV, 16, 4, 1965,
775-789.
Popescu 1966 D. Popescu, începuturile epocii bronzului în România (V), SCIV, 17,3,1966,557-570.
Popescu 1968 D. Popescu, Câteva consideraţii asupra perioadei a Il-a a epocii bronzului din România (par¬
tea a Il-a), SCIV, 19, 2,1968, 313-325.
Popescu A.D. - Băjenaru A.D. Popescu, R. Băjenaru, Rivalries and Conflicts in the Bronze Age: two contemporary
2008 communities in the same space, Dacia, NS, LII, 2008,5-22.
Primas 2002 M. Primas, Taking the high ground: continental hill-forts in Bronze Age contexts, PPSoc,
68,2002,41-59.
Primas 2003 M. Primas, Überlegungen zum Bronzezeitlichen Territorial Verhalten, Bronzezeitliche
Kulturerscheinungen., 403-412.
Reinecke 1899 P. Reinecke, Talnumányok a Magyarországi bronzkor cronologiájárol, AÉ, 19, 1899,
225-251.
Reinecke 1899 a P. Reinecke, Talnumányok a Magyarországi bronzkor cronologiájárol, AÉ, 19,1899,316-340.
Reinecke 1924 P. Reinecke, Zűr Chronologische Gliederung dér süddeutschen Bronzezeit, Germania, 8,
1924,43-^4.
Rişcuţa 1998 N.C. Rişcuţa, Archaeological discoveries conceming the Early Bronze Age at Deva, The
Early and Middle Bronze Age., 111-139.
Rişcuţa 2013 N.C. Rişcuţa, Manifestări ale Bronzului timpuriu în Depresiunea Bradului, Sargetia, IV
(XL), S.N., 2013, 57-72.
Rişcuţa et alii 2012 N.C. Rişcuţa, M. Cosac, R. Pavel, Cercetările arheologice din Peştera Prihodişte (corn. Vata
de Jos, jud. Hunedoara) şi câteva consideraţii privind etapa finală a culturii Coţofeni,
Sargetia, III (XXXIX), S.N., 2012,59-89.
92
Io A N Bejinariu
Robinson et alii 2004
Roman 1976
Roman 1984
Roman 1985
Roman 1986
Roman 1988
Roman - Németi 1978
Roman ֊ Németi 1986
Roman - Németi 1990
Roska1942
Rotea 1993
Rotea 1993 a
Rotea 1994
Rotea 2000
Rotea 2003
Rotea - Wittenberger 1999
Rotea et alii 2007
Rotea et alii 2008
Rotea et alii 2010
Rustoiu 1995
Sana 2010
Schreiber-Kalicz 1984
Schuster 1995
Schuster 1996
Schuster 2000
Sirbu et alii 2005
Soroceanu 1974
Soroceanu 1995
Soroceanu 1998
C. Robinson, B. Baczyńska, M. Polańska, TheOrigins ofFayence in Poland, Spraw Arch,
56, 2004, 79-121.
P. I. Roman, Cultura Coţofeni, Bucureşti 1976.
P.I. Roman, Probleme în legătură cu perioada timpurie a epocii bronzului şi începuturile
culturii Otomani, SCIVA, 35,3,1984,266-274.
P.I. Roman, Perioada timpurie a epocii bronzului „tracic” în Oltenia, TD, VI, 1985,116-122.
PI. Roman, Perioada timpurie a epocii bronzului pe teritoriul României, SCIVA, 37,1,1986,
29-56.
P I. Roman, Ostrovul Corbului (Rumänien) und Maié Kosihy (Tschechoslowakei),
SlovArch, XXXVI, 1,1988, 217-224.
P. I. Roman, I. Németi, Cultura Baden în România, Bucureşti 1978.
P. I. Roman, I. Németi, Descoperiri din perioada timpurie (pre-Otomani) a epocii bronzului
în nord-vestulRomâniei, SCIVA, 37,3,1986,198-232.
P I. Roman -1. Németi, Epoca bronzului în nord-vestul României, SympThrac, 8,1990,
34-41.
M. Roska, Erdély Régészeti repertóriuma. I. Őskor, Koloszvár 1942.
M. Rotea, Contribuţii privind bronzul timpuriu în centrul Transilvaniei, TD, XIV, 1993,
65-86.
M. Rotea, Aşezările culturii Wietenberg, EphNap, III, 1993,25-41.
M. Rotea, Contribuţia cercetărilor de la Suatu - „Făneaţa de. jos” la cunoaşterea etapelor
timpurii ale evoluţiei culturii Wietenberg, AMN, 31,1,1994,1994,131-139.
M. Rotea, Beiträge zur kenntnis der phase I der kultur Wietenberg. Die Bewohnung von
Păuleni (Ciomortan), kreis Harghita, AMN, 37,1,2000,21-41.
M. Rotea, Grupul Copăceni. I, Cluj-Napoca 2003.
M. Rotea, M. Wittenberger, The ritual complex of the Wietenberg culture, Cluj-Napoca
(Transylvania), AMN, 36,1,1999, 7-27.
M. Rotea, M. Tecar, D. Tamba, Complexul ritual de la Şimleu Silvaniei aparţinând culturii
Wietenberg, RevBistriţei, XXI/1,2007, 63-92.
M. Rotea, M. Tecar, Sz. Nagy, P. Pupeză, T. Tecar, L. Săsăran, Floreşti-Polus Center.
Preliminary Observations, AMN, 43-44/1, 2008,47-88.
M. Rotea, M. Tecar, T. Tecar, Donaţie de artefacte provenind din situl Wietenberg de la
Derşida - „Dealul lui Balota”, RevBistriţei, XXIV, 2010, 9-27.
G. T. Rustoiu, Tipologia „capetelor de băţ” aparţinând culturilor bronzului mijlociu din
România, BCŞS, 1,1995, 61-72.
D. V. Sana, Prima epocă a fierului în Depresiunea Şimleului şi zonele învecinate.
Descoperirile de tip Gáva (teză de doctorat, coord. şt. prof. univ. dr. F. Draşoveanu),
Alba Iulia 2010.
R. Schreiber-Kalicz, Komplex der Nagyrév-Kultur, Kulturen der Frühbronzezeit.,
133-190.
C. Schuster, Zu den Fußschalen der Übergangsperiode vom Äneolithikum zur Bronzezeit
und Frühbronzezeit aus Rumänien, TD, XVI, 1995,45-53.
C. Schuster, Despre cărucioarele de lut ars din Epoca bronzului de pe teritoriul României,
TD, XVII, 1-2,1996,117-137.
C. Schuster, Unele aprecieri cu privire la instalaţiile de foc pentru uz menajer din epoca
bronzului de pe teritoriul României, Istros, X, 2000,73-92.
V. Sirbu, S.A. Luca, S. Purece, C. Roman, N. Cerişer, Şantierul arheologic Hunedoara, jud.
Hunedoara. Punct:„DealulSânpetru”, CCA, Campania 2004,181-182.
T. Soroceanu, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bronzezeitlichen Keramik in Siebenbürgen, In
memóriám C. Daicoviciu., 367-373.
T. Soroceanu, Die Fundumstände Bronzezeitlicher Deponierungen. Ein Beitrag zur
Hortdeutung beiderseits der Karpaten, Bronzefimde aus Rümanien (I)., 15-80.
T. Soroceanu, Peregrini romani. Römische Fundgut in Vorskytenzeitlichen Horten
Siebenbürgens, PZ, 73,1998,233-251.
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 93
Soroceanu 2012
Székely Z. 1960
Székely Z. 1970
Székely Z. 1971
Szeverényi 2013
Tasié 1967
Tasié 1974
Tasié 1991
Tárnoki 1988
Tecar-Tecar 2011
Thrane 1998
Tompa 1937
Totoianu 2005
Tringham 1991
Vasiliev 1995
Vieze et alii 2005
Vlassa etalii 1995
Vulpe 1970
Vulpe 1971
Vulpe 1989-1990
Vulpe 1995
Vulpe 1997
Vulpe 2001
Vulpe 2001 a
Vulpe 2001 b
Vulpe 2001 c
Vulpe 2001 d
Vulpe 2001 e
Vulpe 2006
Wood2000
flepraueB 1998
T. Soroceanu, Die Kupfer-und Bronzedepots der frühen und mittleren Bronzezeit in
Rumänien / Depozitele de obiecte din cupru şi bronz din România. Epoca timpurie şi
mijlocie a bronzului, Cluj-Napoca - Bistriţa 2012.
Z. Székely, Săpăturile executate de Muzeul Regional din Sf. Gheorghe (Regiunea Autonomă
Maghiară), MCA,VII, 1960,179-190.
Z. Székely, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea prelucrării metalelor la începutul epocii bronzului în
sud-estul Transilvaniei, SCIV, 21,2,1970,201-208.
Z. Székely, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea epocii bronzului în sud-estul Transilvaniei, SCIV,
22,3,1971,387-400. ’
V. Szeverényi, The Earliest Copper Shaft-Hole Axes in the Carpatbian Basin: Interaction,
Chronology and Transformations ofMeaning, Moments in Time., 661-669.
N. Tasié, Badenski i Vucedolski kultumi kompleks u Jugoslaviji / Der Baden und
Vucedoler kultur-komplex in Jugoslawien Beograd - Növi Sad 1967.
N. Tasié, The Bronze Age, Praistorija Vojvodine., 456-458.
N. Tasié, Migrationsbewegungen und Periodisierung der äneolitischen Kulturen des jugos-
lawischen Donauraum und Zentralbalkans, Die Kupferzeit., 265-270.
J. Tárnoki, The Settlement and Cemetery ofthe Hatvan culture at Aszód, Bronze Age teil
settlements., 137-169.
T.I. Tecar, M.V. Tecar, A Unique Cult Object belonging to Wietenberg culture, Bronze Age
Ritus., 77-86,
H. Thrane, The effects of the Bronze Age on the Environment and Culture in Scandinavia,
Mensch und Umwelt., 271-280.
F. v. Tompa, 25Jahre Urgeschichtsforschung in Ungarn 1912-1936, BerRGK, 24—25,1934-
1935 (1937),27-127.
R. Totoianu, Spada de bronz de la Sebeş (jud. Alba), Omagiu profesorului Ioan
Andritoiu., 391—405.
» ·
R. Tringham, Die Vinca-Plocnik-phase der Vinca-Kultur: ein Beispiel für die Manipulation
der Zeit, Die Kupferzeit., 271-286.
V. Vasiliev, Les recherches consacrée au Premier age du Fer en Transsylvanie. Resultats et
problémás, TD, XVI, 1-2,1995, 93-98.
M. Vieze, T. Earle, M. Artursson, Bronze Age Site Gazeetter: Benta volley, Hungary, SAX,
237-250.
N. Vlassa, Z. Maxim, Gh. Lazarovici, Cercetări arheologice la Bernadea (partea I), AMN,
32,1,1995,575-588.
A. Vulpe, Die Äxte und Beile in Rumänien (I), PBF, IX, 2,1970.
A. Vulpe, Cu privire la sistemul cronologic al lui B. Hansel pentru perioada mijlocie a bron-
zului, SCIV, 22, 2,1971, 301-312.
A. Vulpe, Neue Beiträge zur Chronologie und kulturellen Gliederung der Früh bronzezeit im
unteren Donaugebiet, Starinar, XL-XLI, 1989-1990,105-111.
A. Vulpe, Epoca bronzului în spaţiul carpato-dunărean. Privire generală, Comori., 17-23.
A. Vulpe, Contribuţii privind începutul şi definirea perioadei timpurii a epocii bronzului în
România, In honorem emeritae., 37-50.
A. Vulpe, Structuri sociale şi credinţe religioase în epoca bronzului şi în prima epocă a fieru-
lui, Istoria Românilor (I)., 353-366.
A. Vulpe, Epoca metalelor. Introducere, Istoria Românilor (I)., 211-214.
A. Vulpe, Epoca bronzului, Istoria Românilor (I)., 216-237.
A. Vulpe, Problema indoeuropeană, Istoria Românilor (I)., 241-247.
A. Vulpe, The Aegean-Anatolian and south-eastern Europe in the Light of a Revision ofthe
Bronze Age Chronology, Der Nordkarpatische Raum., 9-21.
A. Vulpe, Perioada mijlocie a epocii bronzului, Istoria Românilor (I)-., 247-272.
A. Vulpe, Migraţii. Modelul est-vest, DACI ŞI ROMANI., 11-19.
J. Wood, Food and drink in European Prehistory, EJA 3. (1), 2000, 89-111.
B. A. Дергачев, Кзрьчнский клад / Carbuna deposit, Кишинев 1998.
bstract
Archaeological Contributions to
the Knowledge of the Bronze Age in
the Western Part of the Meses Mountains.
a
(I). The Early and Middle Bronze Age
fTl he archaeological discoveries gathered in this work come mainly from Şimleu depression.
To these ones some other discoveries from near-by areas are added. The last ones were
JsL included in the work because of the desire to have a coherent image of the evolution of the
Early Bronze Age, a period which is not very well known in the area of our focus.
The Şimleu depression is an area relatively well sharpened from the geographical point of view in the
southwestern area of Sălaj (Pi. 1/2). Its limits are the superior basin of the Crasna and Barcău rivers, from
their springs in the Meseş mountains and respectively Plopiş mountains, to the two doughs of Şimleu
Silvaniei — Cehei and the one from Marca. If on the western and southern sides the geographical boundary
is marked by the Meseş and Plopiş mountains, the northern boundary is marked by the area between the
rivers Crasna and Zalău and then by the Măgura Şimleului. Because in our endevour the Măgura Şimleului
represents a central point, because of the extensive archaeological field works and numerous archaeo-
logical discoveries, we have chosen to include in our analysis the entire mountain of Măgura Şimleului,
although the northern sloaps of it are theoretically outside the depression. The western boundary of the
Şimleu depression is represented by the hilly crest which is a completion of the Plopiş mountains and
heavily contrasts the large everglade of the Barcău river, in the downstream exit of the Marca dough.
The two river flows directions are to the west (Barcău) and respectively to the north-west (Crasna).
Because of this, the Şimleu depression appears to be like a link between the north-central part of
Transylvania and the Upper Tisa region. The river alley of Crasna must have had in the Bronze Age and
later on a great importance in the communication networks at a superregional level, because it ensured an
easy passing through the Poarta Meseşană (Meseş Gate) and further on into Transylvania.
The archaeological potential of the area started to be known even from the second part of the 19th
century (Bejinariu 2006; Idem 2006 a). Some bronze and gold pottery and artifacts discovered by chance
in the area of Şimleu Silvaniei or in the localities of the vicinity of Măgura Şimleului ended up in the col-
lections of some museum of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire (Budapest, Debrecen, Cluj-Napoca etc.)
or in other public or private collections. Starting with the year 1992 a large scale archaeological systematic
research project was initiated in the depression of Şimleu, which included archaeological field work, sur-
veys and archive documentation. The systematic archaeological research of the Şimleu depression was
extended after the year 2000 by rescue excavations which, particularly in the last years when systematic
archaeological findings were cut off almost entirely, have contributed to the shaping of a broader view
of the evolution of the Bronze Age. In this more than two decades long period the archaeological sites
from Şimleu Silvaniei „Dealul Cetăţii’, „Observator’, „Piaţa A. Iancu”, „Pământullui Bacsadi”, „G. Bariţiu
T. Vladimirescu - Oaşului street”, Cehei „Mesig” and „Nove”, Giurtelecu Şimleului „Coasta lui Damian”,
Plopiş „Cucleu”, Recea Mare „Valea Sulduba / Fabrica de cărămidă”, Crasna „CsereoldaF’, etc. were exca-
vated. All of these sites have given new information and discoveries of a grave importance, particularly
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
98
I O A N B EJINARIU
for the Middle Bronze Age, when in the area of the Simleu depression and its vicinity the presence of the
Wietenberg culture is archaeologically documented.
Although it is the area which benefitted by the most extensive archaeological field works from the
entire Sālaj county, there are still some limits regarding the knowledge of the evolution of the Bronze Age
communities. These are highlighted by the insufficiency of finds from the Early Bronze Age but bear in
mind the interdisciplinary research of the archaeological findings resulted by the excavations. We refer
ourselves to the lack of (almost none) archaeo-zoological determinations, of those sporo-pollinic spectrum
analyses or of the metal composition, but also to the lack of modern dating analyses of some archaeolog-
ical features. All these remain a future desiderate and the lack of them has stalled the creation of a more
complex image of the evolution of the Bronze Age. Still we preserve our belief that this kind of cogni-
tive endeavors, the intensive research of some micro-regions represent the best long-term solution on the
understanding of some cultural phenomena, with a large territorial extension as those characteristic to the
Bronze Age.
The discoveries of the Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age
Through-out a long period of time during the Eneolithic period traces of a slow transformation of the
Neolithic socio-economic model and the occurrence of new phenomena took place, which slowly ampli-
fied and perpetuated in the Bronze Age society of temperate Europe (Bankojf֊ Winter 1990). A natural pre-
occupation of specialists was that of identifying the factors which determined or encouraged the gradual
orientation of human communities on a course which belongs to a new period of time, that of the Bronze
Age. The research focused mainly on highlighting those phenomena which start to manifest even in some
phases of the Eneolithic, but became pregnant and defining in the next periods of time. In this sense, we
may talk about modifications and restructuring at the level of the habitat, of the economy and technology,
the dynamics of population, the funerary behavior and spiritual life manifestations of the Bronze Age
people. To these we can add the discovery of a new alloy (Vulpe 2001 h). The discoveries of the Cotofeni
culture dated either in a period of transition to the Bronze Age (Roman 1976) either in the final period of
the Eneolithic (Ciugudean 2000) or even in the beginning of the Bronze Age (Vulpe 2001 b) are documented
archaeologically through-out the entire territory of Sālaj county. Until now, there are over 60 finding spots
of this kind of archaeological discoveries belonging to this culture. We have to mention in this context that
for the periodization of the Cotofeni discoveries from Sālaj we will use, for the final phase of this culture
(Cotofeni III), the dating scheme recently proposed by C. I. Popa (Popa 2009; Idem 2012) and N. C. Riscuta
(Riscuta et alii 2012). The definition and content of this phase (and of the three sub-phases in which it is
divided) are different of that proposed by P. I. Roman and H. Ciugudean respectively. Based on some dis-
coveries from Banat area, of western Transylvania and Crisana, the two researchers separately identified
the real content of the last phase of Cotofeni culture (Cotofeni III) and particularly of its last sub-phase
- Cotofeni IIIc. In particular the typological characteristics of the pottery of this later sub-phase were evi-
denced together with the new directions in the manner and style of ornamentation. Some tendencies can
be observed in a whole, the adoption of new forms and ornamentations characteristic to the Kostolac and
Vučedol cultures, corroborated with the low balance of elements from the Cotofeni culture. The appear-
ance of this inhabitation which attests the last evolution phase of the Cotofeni phase can be owned to
dislocation of populations in a period of heavy ethnic instability (Riscuta et alii 2012). These movements
are followed not only by the diffusion of some elements of material culture (forms and ornaments of pot-
tery) but also by some new manifestations in regard of the cult of the dead, more precisely the burials in
tumuli with a stone covering (Riscuta 2013). Based on the existing data, it seems that this late evolution
phase of Cotofeni culture (sub-phase III c) does not cover a broad period of time. Almost all clues (scanty
findings, many disposed in isolated areas, including caves, short-term inhabitance etc.) indicated a poten-
tially unstable period.
At least one fifth of the known settlements of Sālaj county belong to the later phase, Cotofeni III, and
their number can be much higher (Pi. 11). One of the finding spots which was more thoroughly researched
is the one of Giurtelecu Simleului „Coasta lui Damian” (1998-1999). It is one of the most illustrative for
the evolution of the final phase of the Cotofeni culture. Through-out the research process of the site of
Giurtelecu Simleului (1999-2000) only four features and a relatively small amount of pottery from the
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului
99
deposition archaeological layers were discovered (Bejinariu 2005). On top of the plateau, the upper part
of the archaeological deposition was irrecoverably affected by the human actions of the last century.
Therefore, we could not observe a culture stratum dating in the Cotofeni period, and the Cotofeni fea-
tures (three pits) were noticeable only at the level where they were carved into the bedrock. On the other
side, right beneath the plateau, on the access road there was partially investigated a dwelling found on
a terracing on the main route on the plateau. The dimensions and aspect of the dwelling could not be
determined due to some objective reasons, the only certain thing being the fact that we are dealing with
a scooped dwelling (around 50 cm. from the level of its identification). Around the dwelling a deposition
layer dating in the same period formed. Besides the ceramic inventory, the three pits discovered have sim-
ilar features in common, the presence of grinders made out of mica-schist, bones (unanalyzed) and also
the grey filling stratum of the pits. In two of the pits bone or antler manufactured pieces were found: two
antler grubbing hoes in one of them and respectively a bone chisel and a perforator in the other as well as
a canine tooth pendant most probably.
The grinders and also the tools for cultivating the land from the pits from Giurtelecu Simleului prove
the existence of farming by the community which inhabited the „Coasta lui Damian” hill. The fertile soil,
good for agriculture is situated downhill the area where these communities established their settlements
right in the everglade of the rivers which flowed beneath (Crasna, Agrij, Barcáu etc.). As it seems, we deal
with small communities, thus the agricultural land needed was ensured by the everglades found near-by
these settlements. Data about the economy of the lifestock or about the hunting of late Cotofeni commu-
nities in the area of Simleu Depression are missing. One discovery that suggests, indirectly, the raising of
large traction animals (horses, bovines) is a model cart made out of burnt clay found in Bádácin „Cornelf
(Bacuet-Crisan 1998). In the same category we might include two bine pieces (a penetration tool and a spa-
tula) which come from the G2/1998 pit from Giurtelec, artifacts which can be linked with different stages
of the manufacturing of animal skin, both domestic and wild. The weight of a loom discovered in the same
archaeological feature is also a clue of the manufacturing of animal hair (Bejinariu 2005).
Together with the finding spot of Giurtelecu Simleului, other sites from the Simleu depression which
evolve under the same coordinates of this later stage of the Cotofeni culture are the ones of Bádácin
„Dealul Corner, Mesesenii de Sus „Osoiu Mácáului' and Plopis „Ses Nojesti”. To these we can add also
the ones from Simleu Silvaniei „Observatot*’. The places where the discoveries from Simleu Silvaniei
„Observator” were found are located at a close distance, 3-5 km away from those from Giurtelecu Simleului
and Bádácin. This aspect together with the lack of archaeological features and the lack of archaeological
material (mainly pottery), determines us to think of a seasonal inhabitation or in any case, a short term
one during the last evolution phase of this culture. Among the ceramic material linked with the Cotofeni
presence in this finding spot the most suggestive one seems to be a foot of a vessel, maybe a cup or a bowl.
We can distinguish the decoration of this artifact which is composed out of a register made by two par-
allel horizontal lines, one on the lower and one on the upper edge of it. Several vertical lines connect the
horizontal registers. The decoration is exclusively made out in the excision technique. In this way on the
horizontal line from the upper part some sort of diamonds were created, and on the inferior part, as on the
vertical one wide zig-zags. In some areas, some traces of a white incrustation can be distinguished (Pi. 3/1).
The foot of this vessel measures 10 cm in height and 11,2 in a maximum diameter. Other two vessel feet,
almost identical, manufactured from the same raw material, but both undecorated, came from the same
point. The cups with feet are very rare in the cultural environment of Cotofeni and were recorded mainly
in the late contexts (Cotofeni III b-c) (Popa 2012; Popa - Fazecas 2013). Although the discovery does not a
specific archaeological context, we believe that it can be linked with the late Cotofeni inhabitation, which
is well documented from the archaeological point of view in the sites of Giurtelecu Simleului „ Coasta lui
Damian” and Bádácin „Comet”. The decoration is typical for the Vucedol culture and the feet have a form
very commonly found in this cultural environment (Dimitrijevic 1997).
All five discoveries mentioned belong to the end of the evolution of the Cotofeni culture in the area of
Sálaj. It seems like, based on these discoveries, that in the area to the west of the Meses mountains of Sálaj,
and more precisely in the Simleu depression, the evolution of the Cotofeni culture goes on even in this
final stage. The characteristics of these inhabitations I have already synthesized, but still, the data is insuf-
ficient. Together with the results of the research carried out in the south-western part of Transylvania,
100 IO A N Bejinariu
Crişana and Banat they offer a more coherent image, hut not as clear as it should be. The evolution of these
late Coţofeni culture communities is placed on a segment of time contemporaneous with the Vucedol B
phase, as with the phases II and III of the Glina culture and respectively with the Schneckenberg A (Rişcuţa
ei alii 2012). Although there are no solid arguments in this sense, it seems that it cannot be excluded a rela-
tion of contemporaneity of these late Coţofeni inhabitations with the evolution of some cultures attrib-
uted to the Early Bronze Age I from Hungary, more precisely with the manifestations of the Makó type
ones (Horváth 2011) or those of the Roşia type ones from the basin of the Crişu Repede rivers and the
Negru one respectively (Roman - Németi 1986).
To complete the image of the evolution of the Early Bronze Age from the Şimleu depression we have
called upon a series of neighboring area discoveries. A set of ceramic materials, unfortunately very low in
number, comes from Zalnoc (Bobota commune, PL 2/2). We are dealing with fragments of pottery deco-
rated with grooves, together with a fragment of pottery with a thick rim in the shape of the letter „T". This
type of model of the edge of some vessels suggests a wide segment of time regarding their dating, similar
to the discoveries of types from Şoimuş from the south-western part of Transylvania (Early Bronze Age II).
Another set of pottery, this time more numerous comes from the archaeological investigations of a
site in Zalău, in the point called „Dealul Lupului"’. The vast majority of the ceramic material comes from a
dwelling (Pi. 2/1) and several pits. Numerous fragments (PI. 4—10) were part of pots with a relatively simple
profile, with the edge being splayed and a round body. Some of them have handles placed under the rim and
make a connection with the collar of the vessel. Some other pots have massive and wide handles, which are
placed at the middle of the recipient, in the maxim curved area. In a quite important number, but clearly
more reduced than the one of the first category, we can find some sort of bowls or porringers in the form of a
calotte, of large dimensions (with a widening up to 30 cm long at the rim), with the interior edges thickened.
To the same category we can add a recipient with a very large arched widening, having also a strangled pro-
file, while the lower part widens to a diameter equal to the one of the rim. We may also mention fragments
of a vessel which had a pear shape form but also pieces of smaller recipients, among which we can mention
a small porringer or lid with the edges arched to the interior and respectively fragments of a colander. Some
fragments come from the superior part of a bulky cup, with the handle going a little higher than the rim and
a probable by-taper body. In terms of the decoration, what seems to be a special feature of this set of vessels
is the association of the ridgy decoration (Besenstrich) with the textile one, this association being the main
guiding mark for the Early Bronze Age III from Transylvania (Popa - Totoianu 2010). There are also other
decorative elements, especially regarding the painting (the belly bends, bulgings) or small round marks.
The vast majority of the ceramic recipients from the Early Bronze Age III settlement from Zalău has close
analogies in a series of finding spots of this phase from a large area of Transylvania, Banat or areas west
of the Apuseni mountains. A kind of usual find in the set of pottery fragments from Zalău is represented
by the fragment of a porringer with a by-taper body and a splayed edge and conic protuberances on the
shoulder (Pi. 6/5). Similar shaped vessels can be found in Transylvania, but in a segment of time dating
before the Early Bronze Age III, which may be a clue in dating the set of pottery fragments from Zalău
„Dealul Lupului"’, namely in the first stage of the Early Bronze Age III from Transylvania.
The Middle Bronze Age Period. The Wietenberg Culture Discoveries
Until now in the area of the Şimleu depression we know 28 archaeological finding spots attributed to
the Wietenberg culture (Pi. 45). The database is filled by the pieces of information given to us by the dis-
covery of some bronze hoards, respectively of some bronze artifacts discovered by chance, all attributed
to the Middle Bronze Age period. Not far away from the Şimleu Depression, on the Crasna valley there is
the well-known Wietenberg culture settlement of Derşida „Dealul Balota” which offers us real possibili-
ties of correlating the information and archaeological realities from over there with the one in the area of
our focus.
Almost a quarter of the Wietenberg culture finding spots known from this area are placed in high
ground areas, prominent, most often hard to access. We especially deal with the extremities of some hilly
crests (called promontoria) with hard accessible cliffs on two or three sides. Strong evidence for the for-
tification of these areas in the time frame of the Wietenberg culture is missing. The settlements of this
category cover a small area between 0.2-0.4 hectares. The rest of the places of the Wietenberg culture
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 101
from the area of the Simleu depression appear on the terraces from the proximity of some rivers, or more
rarely, at the side of some plateaus. In the heart of the Simleu Silvaniei town (Pi. 46) we have mapped until
now no less than ten finding spots, where pottery fragments with the Wietenberg culture decoration was
discovered through systematic, preventive or rescue archaeological excavations, or through archaeological
surveys. The pottery material discovered in these ten finding spots are decorated in a manner specific to
rhe Wietenberg III phase, thus, in theory, dating all this settlements in the above mentioned time frame
of this culture.
Undoubtedly the pottery represents the category which is overwhelmingly predominant in the
Wietenberg culture discoveries in the above studied area. Although some evidence are missing, we believe
in the existence of some Wietenberg culture pottery workshop centers (Brorsson — Grönberg 2001). The
existence of such centers would be an argument for the explanation of the relative unity of forms, but also
decoration of the pottery on a vast territory as is the one in which Wietenberg culture discoveries were
made. During the chapter in which the analysis of the forms and decoration of pottery was made, we real-
ized a comparative analysis with the products originating in the Wietenberg culture settlement of Dersida
„Dealul Balota”. The main observable thing is the fact that not all the types (and variants) identified in the
settlement of Dersida can be found in the inhabited placed from the Simleu depression. One explanation
resides in the context in which our discoveries were made. On one hand at Dersida the recipients which
stood at the forefront of the typology created by Chidiosan come mainly from „domestic” contexts (dwell-
ings, annexes, pits with different destinations etc.). On the other hand in the case of Simleu depression the
most part of the Wietenberg culture pottery which could be restored, even partially, comes from archaeo-
logical features with a strong special character, supposedly ritual (pits Gl/1998 from Giurtelecu Simleului,
G88 from Recea and Gl/1990 from Simleu Silvaniei). Less numerous are the vessels certainly discovered
in dwellings or their annexes. Also it can be certainly observed the fact that there are few forms of ves-
sels in the early dated stages of this culture (most of them pots), in comparison with the large number
of wide open vessels (porringers, plates etc.) from the seettlements date in the Wietenberg III stage. The
situation is in a way similar to the one regarding the decoration of the pottery. The ornamentation of the
pottery which comes from the finding spots considered earlier (Plopis, Aghires), transpires a sort of a „lack
of inspiration” and is represented by application of plastics, some kind of flutes, impressions, thin lines
hachured or filled with ,,X” signs, or with groups of signs disposed oblique, triangles filled with hachures
and in some cases clusters of short grooves. Starting with the settlement of Giurtelecu Simleului on some
vessels the decoration has spirals created through fluting, having a horizontal ,,S” shape and having the
edges connected. On the pottery from Simleu Silvaniei or Recea the spiral appears to have several variants.
We may encounter it under the form of successive spiraled hooks, with the tangent extremities connected,
under the form of a thin line, filled with simultaneous needle pricks or as a continuous spiral, made out
of 2-3 incised lines or made out of successive needle pricks, with the heads united or surrounding a bump
pushed from the inside-out of the vessel's wall. In the Simleu depression the meander ornaments filled
with simultaneous bunts is a special feature of pottery from the numerous finding spots of the Wietenberg
type from the area of the town of Simleu Silvaniei, as for those from the sites from Recea, Mesesenii de
Sus, Crasna and Port. More rarely the meander appears to be realized in a special technique for the area of
Simleu depression to be more precise through wide ditches filled with successive needle pricks or empty,
as we encounter on a ceramic vessel from the Wietenberg level from the site of Crasna „ CsereoldaF'.
Subsequently the analysis goes further to other categories of artifacts made out of burnt clay, among
them being the „smoke-dry vessels” from the site of Giurtelecu Simleului, small wheels of clay carts,
pyramidal weights, „stick heads” etc. Some of the plastic art of the Wietenberg communities from the
Simleu depression (Giurtelecu Simleului) are also analyzed in this chapter. The above mentioned settle-
ment has offered compelling evidence for the manufacturing of antler and bone artifacts, found in the
Gl/1998 depositing pit but also from other discovered features which concentrate on a relative small area
where probably a „workshop” existed (raw material, finished artifacts, rests, chips and small quartzite
blades etc.). From Giurtelecu Simleului comes also an „exotic” artifact, a bead made out of glass.
The bronze artifacts like the ones showing bronze working in the Wietenberg culture settlements from
Simleu depression are analyzed in a separate chapter. We deal with two hronze deposits: Simleu Silvaniei I
composed out of three axes, two of the Pädureni type and one of Hajdusamson type (Soroceanu 2012), while
102 I O A N Bejinariu
the second deposit, Şimleu Silvaniei II is composed out of a short sword and a bracelet (Mozsolics 1967) to
which we can add a series of fortunate discoveries (stray finds) made out of bronze coming from Meseşenii
de Sus and Şimleu Silvaniei (Bejinariu 2003;Bejinariu 2006a). In different archaeological contexts a chisel of
copper/bronze was discovered in the settlement of Plopiş (Bejinariu 2003), mold valves at Şimleu Silvaniei
(Bejinariu 2003), and an axe with a disc on its backside from the B1 type from Crasna (Bejinariu - Lako
2000). The molds especially attest the presence in some of the settlements of some craftsmen who were
specialized in bronze-workings, and it also show the possibility that some of the metal artifacts discovered
in the area might be the result of their work.
Based on the archaeological evidence we can now certify that the whole area of the Şimleu depres-
sion was inhabited during the Middle Bronze Age period by communities with pottery decorated in the
Wietenberg style. The mapping of these archeological discoveries from areas found north-north-west of
the Şimleu depression proved that these areas belong to the Middle Bronze Age, again being encompassed
in the Wietenberg culture. In the extreme south-western part of the area in question, we have the settle-
ment of Port „Dealul Piesa", but further on, downstream the river Barcău, evidence lack in their existence.
The evolution of the Wietenberg culture in the Şimleu depression stretches through the first three stages
of the culture (Wietenberg I-III) as was already mentioned by N. Chidioşan during the publishing of his
results of his archaeological research carried out in Derşida. The relative chronological interval covers a
segment of time starting with the Middle Bronze Age I (MBA I), a stage which precedes the appearance
and manifestation of the Wietenberg ceramic style with a spiral decoration and in which metal-works of
the Hajdusâmson appear, while the end of this evolution and implicitly of the Middle Bronze Age period
in Şimleu depression can be placed in the Middle Bronze Age III, corresponding to the Central-European
chronology of Bronze Age A3 and respectively Bronze Age Bl. The earliest Wietenberg settlements are
those of Plopiş „Cucleu”, and very close to the eastern boundary of Şimleu depression, the one from
Aghireş „Subpăşune” (Pi. 12-16). The analysis of the forms and decoration of the pottery, some analogies
with the pottery from the first inhabitation layer from Derşida, the lack of specific late Wietenberg culture
decoration (spiral, meander etc.), the small scale ornamentation level, the presence of a low number of
pottery decorated with striations or with the comb (and probably the ones with textile decoration from
Aghireş) all seem to be evidence of the dating of the two finding places from the western area of Sălaj in
the first Wietenberg stage. Some elements do indicate the inheritance or manufacturing specific to the
Early Bronze Age III, documented from now on in this area through the discoveries made in Zalău „Dealul
Lupului /Fabrica Michelin”, but also from the Andrid and Hatvan cultural environments. Given the insuffi-
cient research carried out until now, corroborated with the small quantity of pottery, other considerations
can be risky.
The next phase in the Wietenberg culture evolution, synchronized with the levels 2 and 3 from Derşida,
is documented in the Şimleu depression mainly in the finding spot from Giurtelecu Şimleului „Coasta lui
Damian” (Bejinariu 2005 a). A diverse repertoire of forms can be observed, but still, the flatware like por-
ringers and plates are very rare. The decoration of pottery from Giurtelec we can grasp the maintenance
of some decorative elements evidenced in the case of Plopiş. We refer ourselves especially to the thin lines
or thick lines filled with „X” shaped forms, with hachures, or with horizontal friezes filled with groups of
three or more incisions disposed in a zig-zag form. On the pottery from Giurtelecu Şimleului appears also
the spiral decoration also called „pseudo-spiral decoration made out of S shaped hooks” as it was recently
defined (Dietrich L. - Dietrich O. 2011).
The finding spots of the Wietenberg culture in the area of today’s Şimleu Silvaniei, most of them ben-
efiting of intense systematic or rescue excavations, belong to the Wietenberg III phase. Defining for the
decoration of the pottery of this phase is the meander filled with simultaneous bunts, often associated
with other ornamental motifs (variants 2f, 3n, 3o from Derşida) all characteristic to the 4 and 5 stages of
the inhabitance of the „Dealul Balota”hill. Often in the finding spots in the area of Şimleu these meanders
in the form of the letter „Z” or creating more complex motifs are realized through the alternating of undec-
orated spaces with spaces filled with simultaneous bunts. The pottery forms of wide open vessels (bowls
and porringers) are in a higher number found than in settlements dated in the earlier phases. The motif of
the spiral maintains itself but the drawing of it is different as in the previous phases. More often we deal
with large spirals, drawn through simple, double or multiple incisions, which cover large portions of the
Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 103
vessel. There are also spirals marked by successive bunts in the canal, or filled with simultaneous bunts.
The finding places of this phase of the Wietenberg culture are mostly found in the Şimleu Depression and
the adjacent areas. We can hereby mention except the ones from Şimleu, the discoveries from Meseşenii
de Sus „Osoiu Măcăuluf’, Pericei „Polyas”, Zăuan „Dâmbul Cimitirului', Porţ „Dealul Pleşa", Recea „Valea
Sulduba”. Fifteen years ago we thought that the settlement from Crasna „CsereoldaP (Bejinariu - Lako
2000) may be attributed to the last Wietenberg culture phase (Wietenberg IV), but the analysis of the gen-
eral evolution of this culture convinced us that the Wietenberg inhabitation in this site does not go beyond
the end of the Middle Bronze Age and belongs to the third phase of MBA. In the first phase of the Late
Bronze Age (LBA I) we already have documented in the area of the Şimleu Depression only discoveries
from the Cehăluţ - Hajdubagos type.
In the area of today’s Şimleu Silvaniei town there was evidenced a high concentration of archeological
discoveries (ten settlements and a necropolis, Pi. 46) attributed to the Wietenberg III phase (Bejinariu
2011). Two bronze deposits, discovered by chance can be linked with the evolution of these settlements.
There is no other area in the Şimleu Depression with such a high density of inhabitation, theoretically
contemporaneous, yet the question remains in regard to the factors that generated this powerful inhab-
itation. One of the factors which helped and determined this strong inhabitation was undoubtedly the
geographic placement. This position conferred the area of Şimleu the attribute of an important point,
strategic if you want, in the context of the super-regional network, of an area bonding the area of northern
Transylvania and the area of Upper Tisza. In the structure of the spatial distribution of the Wietenberg
finding spots in the area of Şimleu, the most important position is held by the one of the „Dealul Cetăţi!’
(which is confirmed by the archaeological excavations carried out in the area). The high promontory on
which the settlement is found develops on the side of the Crasna river on the southern slop of the Măgura
Şimleului which confers this position real possibilities to control the area of the pass. The two bronze
deposits, five pieces in total, are composed mainly by objects of prestige and social display, like axes and
a spade. Reaching this conclusion, linked with the strategic importance of the place, of a passing through
area highly important at a super-regional level, makes us suggest the fact that in the Wietenberg III phase
the area of Şimleu Silvaniei was clearly a power center. The control of the passing through area offered
the elite an important position in the regional and super-regional network of the distribution of resources,
from which metal was regarded as highly important.
Radiocarbon dating available from creating an image of the Wietenberg culture are few (only six sam-
ples) and relatively dispersed for a culture known to exist in a wide area. The most important results are
that the most recent data coming from Rotbav (Braşov county) suggest that in the south-eastern side of
Transylvania, the pottery with decoration in the Wietenberg style starts earlier than the 19th century BC
and goes up to the first three quarters of the 15th century BC when the Wietenberg III phase is replaced by
the Noua type culture (Dietrich 2014). |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bejinariu, Ioan |
| author_facet | Bejinariu, Ioan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bejinariu, Ioan |
| author_variant | i b ib |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043575003 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)992454782 (DE-599)BVBBV043575003 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cc4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043575003</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20170626</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">160530s2015 a||| |||| 00||| rum d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9786065436336</subfield><subfield code="9">978-606-543-633-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)992454782</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV043575003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">rum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M515</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bejinariu, Ioan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului</subfield><subfield code="n">1</subfield><subfield code="p">Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu</subfield><subfield code="c">Ioan Bejinariu</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cluj-Napoca</subfield><subfield code="b">Mega</subfield><subfield code="c">2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">151 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Pläne, Karten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV043574882</subfield><subfield code="g">1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">307.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09013</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">709</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09013</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">307.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09013</subfield><subfield code="g">3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">930.1</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0905</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028989768</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV043575003 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-18T18:12:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786065436336 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028989768 |
| oclc_num | 992454782 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M515 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M515 |
| physical | 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne, Karten |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Mega |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bejinariu, Ioan Verfasser aut Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 1 Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu Ioan Bejinariu Cluj-Napoca Mega 2015 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV043574882 1 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bejinariu, Ioan Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |
| title | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_auth | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_exact_search | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_full | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 1 Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu Ioan Bejinariu |
| title_fullStr | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 1 Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu Ioan Bejinariu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului 1 Descoperirile din Bronzul timpuriu şi cel mijlociu Ioan Bejinariu |
| title_short | Contribuţii arheologice la cunoaşterea Epocii bronzului în Depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_sort | contributii arheologice la cunoasterea epocii bronzului in depresiunea simleului descoperirile din bronzul timpuriu si cel mijlociu |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028989768&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043574882 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bejinariuioan contributiiarheologicelacunoastereaepociibronzuluiindepresiuneasimleului1 |