Elements of human voice:
This is a self-contained monograph on human voice. It systematically expounds a theory of voice production initiated by Leonhard Euler, through an analysis of large amount of human voice data, especially simultaneously acquired voice signals and electroglottograph signals, as well as temporal variat...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New Jersey ; London ; Singapore ; Beijing ; Shanghai ; Hong Kong ; Taipei ; Chennai ; Tokyo
World Scientific
[2017]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This is a self-contained monograph on human voice. It systematically expounds a theory of voice production initiated by Leonhard Euler, through an analysis of large amount of human voice data, especially simultaneously acquired voice signals and electroglottograph signals, as well as temporal variations of pressures directly below and above the vocal folds. Its contents include the physics and physiology of human voice production, parametrical representations of voice signals, and technology applications. Background knowledge on general acoustics and mathematical tools pertinent to quantitative descriptions of human voice are explained in detail.Readers of this monograph include researchers, practitioners and students in the fields of physiology and medicine, acoustics, computer science, telecommunication, acoustic phonetics, and vocal music. |
| Beschreibung: | xxvi, 214 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9789814733892 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Preface; Physics and Physiology:Acoustic Waves; Voice Organs; Experimental Facts; Physics of Voice Production; Mathematical Representations:Timbron Extraction; Timbre Vectors; Waveform Recovery; Applications; Appendices:Kramers-Knonig Relations; Laguerre Functions; References; Index; | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface
4 4
Vll
List of Figures xxiii
List of Tables xxvii
Part I Physics and Physiology 1
Chapter 1: Acoustic Waves 7
1.1 Wave Equation in a Tube.................................... 7
1.1.1 Particle displacement and perturbation density .... 7
1.1.2 Particle velocity and equation of continuity........ 8
1.1.3 Perturbation pressure............................... 8
1.1.4 Wave equation.......................................10
1.2 d’Alembert Solution....................................... 11
1.3 Euler’s Transient Resonator................................13
1.4 Energy and Power.......................................... 15
1.4.1 Power of acoustic wave..............................15
1.4.2 Acoustic energy density.............................16
1.5 Zero-Particle-Velocity Wavefronts in a Tube............... 17
1.5.1 Heuristic discussions...............................17
1.5.2 Laplace-transform solution .........................19
1.5.3 Energy conversion...................................20
1.6 Fourier Analysis ..........................................21
1.6.1 Amplitude and phase ................................22
1.6.2 Complex-variable version............................23
1.6.3 Fourier transform................................. 23
1.7 Numerical Values...........................................25
1.7.1 Pitch scale ........................................25
1.7.2 Intensity scale ....................................26
XV111
Contents
Chapter 2: Voice Organs 29
2.1 Overall Structure........................................29
2.2 Vocal Folds..............................................30
2.2.1 Anatomy.............................................31
2.2.2 Strobovideolaryngoscopy.............................32
2.2.3 Laryngeal electromyography..........................33
2.2.4 Electroglottograpy..................................34
2.2.5 Bernoulli force.....................................38
2.2.6 Water-hammer analogy................................44
2.2.7 Incomplete closures.................................46
2.2.8 Isolated closures and glottal stops ................49
2.2.9 Videokymography.....................................49
2.2.10 Closed quotient and voice intensity................51
2.3 Vocal Tract...............................................51
2.3.1 Plosives............................................52
2.3.2 Fricatives...................................... . . 55
2.3.3 Vowels..............................................57
Chapter 3: Experimental Facts 61
3.1 Microphones and Voice Signals.............................61
3.1.1 Types and working principles of microphones ..... 61
3.1.2 Source of voice signals.............................64
3.1.3 Vowels..............................................65
3.1.4 Superposition principle ............................68
3.2 Electroglottograph and Voice Data.........................69
3.2.1 Temporal correlation................................70
3.2.2 Glottal stops.......................................72
3.3 In-Vivo Pressure Measurements.............................73
Chapter 4: The Physics of Voice Production 79
4.1 A Brief Summary of Experimental Facts.....................79
4.2 The Concept of Timbrons...................................80
4.3 Acoustic Waves in the Trachea.............................84
4.4 An Analytic Solution of the Wave Equation.................85
4.4.1 Initial conditions and boundary conditions..........86
Contents
xix
4.4.2 Acoustic waves in the vocal tract................. 87
4.4.3 Analysis of the solution...........................88
4.4.4 Numerical solutions for various vowels.............89
4.5 Explanations of Experimental Facts .......................89
4.5.1 Superposition behavior of vowel signals............90
4.5.2 Efficiency of voice production.....................90
4.5.3 Role of the closed quotient .......................91
4.5.4 Supraglottal pressure and subglottal pressure......92
4.5.5 Radiation and decay of formants....................93
4.6 The Harp Analogy..........................................93
Part II Mathematical Representations 95
Chapter 5: Timbron Extraction 99
5.1 Some Mathematical Theorems ...............................99
5.1.1 Dispersion relations...............................99
5.1.2 Uncertainty principle............................ 100
5.1.3 Independence from frame endpoints.................102
5.2 The Ends-Matching Procedure..............................102
5.3 Segmentation Based on EGG Signals........................104
5.3.1 Generating segmentation points from EGG signals . . 105
5.3.2 Estimating the average pitch period...............105
5.3.3 Voiced signals with incomplete closures...........106
5.4 Segmentation Based on Voice Signals......................107
5.4.1 The profile function............................ 107
5.4.2 Width and polarity of the asymmetric window .... 109
5.4.3 Comparison with segmentation based on EGG .... 110
5.4.4 Intensity distribution within a pitch period......112
5.5 Stops....................................................114
5.6 Extension to Unvoiced Sections...........................116
5.7 Amplitude Spectrum of a Timbron..........................117
5.7.1 Spectral analysis of timbrons.....................118
5.7.2 Examples........................................ 120
XX
Contents
Chapter 6: Timbre Vectors 125
6.1 Distortion Measures.......................................125
6.1.1 Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients................126
6.1.2 Distortion measures for LPC coefficients ........ 127
6.2 Timbre Vectors............................................128
6.2.1 Laguerre functions.................................128
6.2.2 Definition of timbre vector........................131
6.2.3 Feature vector of a frame..........................131
6.3 Timbre Vector and Amplitude Spectrum......................132
6.4 Timbre Distance...........................................136
Chapter 7: Waveform Recovery 139
7.1 Phase Recovery ...........................................139
7.1.1 An analytic model..................................139
7.1.2 Dispersion relation: an analytic example...........142
7.1.3 Phase spectrum from speech signals.................144
7.1.4 Dispersion relation: voice data....................146
7.1.5 d’Alembert wave of glottal airflow.................147
7.2 Timbron Recovery..........................................149
7.3 Unvoiced Consonents.......................................150
7.4 Recovery of Entire Voice Signal...........................151
7.4.1 Breathiness index..................................152
7.4.2 Fractional voicedness index........................153
7.4.3 Jitter and shimmer.................................157
Chapter 8: Applications 159
8.1 Voice Transformation......................................159
8.1.1 Pitch contour modification ........................161
8.1.2 Change of speaker identity ........................164
8.1.3 Speed change.......................................165
8.2 Speech Coding............................................166
8.2.1 Basic techniques...................................166
8.2.2 Vector quantization ...............................169
8.2.3 Coding based on timbre vectors.....................170
8.3 Speech Recognition .......................................176
Contents
xxi
8.3.1 Prontend of a speech recognizer....................176
8.3.2 Acoustic processor with a fixed window size ...... 177
8.3.3 Speech recognition based on timbre vectors.........178
8.3.4 Concept of phonette................................180
8.4 Speech Synthesis..........................................181
8.4.1 Formant synthesizer and concatenative synthesizer . .181
8.4.2 Speech synthesizer based on timbre vectors.........182
8.4.3 Timbre fusing......................................184
8.4.4 Irreducible units..................................186
8.4.5 Phonette-based universal TTS synthesizer...........187
8.5 Syllable-Centered Pitch Parameterization..................188
8.5.1 Linear approximation...............................188
8.5.2 Extraction of parameters...........................191
8.5.3 An exemplifying case ..............................193
8.5.4 Global pitch contour and phrase type...............195
8.5.5 Quadratic approximation............................195
8.5.6 The general procedure..............................197
Appendix A: Kramers-Kronig Relations 199
Appendix B: Laguerre Functions 201
Bibliography 203
Index
211
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Chen, C. Julian |
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| classification_rvk | LR 11040 |
| contents | Preface; Physics and Physiology:Acoustic Waves; Voice Organs; Experimental Facts; Physics of Voice Production; Mathematical Representations:Timbron Extraction; Timbre Vectors; Waveform Recovery; Applications; Appendices:Kramers-Knonig Relations; Laguerre Functions; References; Index; |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)965455335 (DE-599)BVBBV043543236 |
| dewey-full | 612.7/8 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 612 - Human physiology |
| dewey-raw | 612.7/8 |
| dewey-search | 612.7/8 |
| dewey-sort | 3612.7 18 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin Musikwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Chen, C. Julian Verfasser (DE-588)1080876596 aut Elements of human voice C. Julian Chen (Columbia University, USA) New Jersey ; London ; Singapore ; Beijing ; Shanghai ; Hong Kong ; Taipei ; Chennai ; Tokyo World Scientific [2017] © 2017 xxvi, 214 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Preface; Physics and Physiology:Acoustic Waves; Voice Organs; Experimental Facts; Physics of Voice Production; Mathematical Representations:Timbron Extraction; Timbre Vectors; Waveform Recovery; Applications; Appendices:Kramers-Knonig Relations; Laguerre Functions; References; Index; This is a self-contained monograph on human voice. It systematically expounds a theory of voice production initiated by Leonhard Euler, through an analysis of large amount of human voice data, especially simultaneously acquired voice signals and electroglottograph signals, as well as temporal variations of pressures directly below and above the vocal folds. Its contents include the physics and physiology of human voice production, parametrical representations of voice signals, and technology applications. Background knowledge on general acoustics and mathematical tools pertinent to quantitative descriptions of human voice are explained in detail.Readers of this monograph include researchers, practitioners and students in the fields of physiology and medicine, acoustics, computer science, telecommunication, acoustic phonetics, and vocal music. Voice Voice Physiological aspects Speech Sound-waves Stimmapparat (DE-588)4057594-9 gnd rswk-swf Stimme (DE-588)4057587-1 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Stimme (DE-588)4057587-1 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s Stimmapparat (DE-588)4057594-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028958666&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chen, C. Julian Elements of human voice Preface; Physics and Physiology:Acoustic Waves; Voice Organs; Experimental Facts; Physics of Voice Production; Mathematical Representations:Timbron Extraction; Timbre Vectors; Waveform Recovery; Applications; Appendices:Kramers-Knonig Relations; Laguerre Functions; References; Index; Voice Voice Physiological aspects Speech Sound-waves Stimmapparat (DE-588)4057594-9 gnd Stimme (DE-588)4057587-1 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4057594-9 (DE-588)4057587-1 (DE-588)4045981-0 |
| title | Elements of human voice |
| title_auth | Elements of human voice |
| title_exact_search | Elements of human voice |
| title_full | Elements of human voice C. Julian Chen (Columbia University, USA) |
| title_fullStr | Elements of human voice C. Julian Chen (Columbia University, USA) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elements of human voice C. Julian Chen (Columbia University, USA) |
| title_short | Elements of human voice |
| title_sort | elements of human voice |
| topic | Voice Voice Physiological aspects Speech Sound-waves Stimmapparat (DE-588)4057594-9 gnd Stimme (DE-588)4057587-1 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Voice Voice Physiological aspects Speech Sound-waves Stimmapparat Stimme Physiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028958666&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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