The personality puzzle:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; London
W.W. Norton & Company
2016
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Ausgabe: | Seventh edition, international student edition |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | xxxiv, 664 Seiten, 130 verschieden gezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (überwiegend farbig) |
ISBN: | 9780393283723 9780393265149 |
Internformat
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264 | 4 | |c © 2016 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804176177741430784 |
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adam_text | Chapter l The Study of the Person 2
PART I The Science of Personality: Methods and Assessment 18
Chapter 2 Personality Research Methods 20
Chapter 3 Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics 66
PART II How People Differ: The Trait Approach no
Chapter 4 Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior 112
Chapter 5 Personality Judgment 150
Chapter 6 Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior 178
Chapter 7 Personality Stability, Development, and Change 220
PART III The Mind and the Body: Biological Approaches to Personality 256
Chapter 8 The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality 258
Chapter 9 The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary
Psychology 300
PART IV The Hidden World of the Mind: The Psychoanalytic Approach 348
Chapter 10 Basics of Psychoanalysis 350
Chapter 11 Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current
Research 390
PART V Experience and Awareness: Humanistic and Cross-Cultural Psychology 420
Chapter 12 Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive
Psychology 422
Chapter 13 Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality 456
PART VI What Personality Does: Learning, Thinking, Feeling, and Knowing 502
Chapter 14 Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories 504
Chapter 15 Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion 540
Chapter 16 The Self: What You Know About You 584
Chapter 17 Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health 614
EPILOGUE 652
Preface xxiii
Chapter 1 The Study of the Person 2
The Goals of Personality Psychology 5
Mission: Impossible 5
Competitors or Complements ? 7
Distinct Approaches Versus the One Big Theory 9
Advantages as Disadvantages and Vice Versa 10
The Plan of This Book 12
Pigeonholing Versus Appreciation of Individual Differences 14
Wrapping It Up 16
Summary 16
Think About It 16
PART I The Science of Personality: Methods and
Assessment 18
Chapter 2 Personality Research Methods 20
Psychology’s Emphasis on Method 21
Scientific Education and Technical Training 22
Personality Data 23
Four Kinds of Clues 24
Quality of Data 45
Research Design 54
Case Method 54
An Experimental and a Correlational Study 56
Comparing the Experimental and Correlational Methods 58
Conclusion 61
Wrapping It Up 62
Summary 62
Think About It 64
Suggested Reading 64
xii Contents
Chapter 3 Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics 66
The Nature of Personality Assessment 67
The Business of Testing 68
Personality Tests 69
S-Data versus B-Data Personality Tests 70
Projective Tests 71
Objective Tests 77
Methods of Objective Test Construction 80
Evaluating Assessment and Research 91
Significance Testing 91
Effect Size 94
Ethical Issues 98
Purposes of Personality Testing 98
The Uses of Psychological Research 101
Truthfulness 102
Deception 103
Conclusion 105
Wrapping It Up 106
Summary 106
Think About It 107
Suggested Reading 108
PART II How People Differ: The Trait Approach 110
Chapter 4 Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior 112
The Trait Approach 113
People Are Inconsistent 115
The Person-Situation Debate 117
Predictability 118
The Power of the Situation 125
Absolute Versus Relative Consistency 130
Are Person Perceptions Erroneous ? 134
Personality and Life 137
Persons and Situations 140
Relationships, Jobs, and Business 140
Interactionism 141
Persons, Situations, and Values 142
People Are Different 145
Wrapping It Up 146
Summary 146
Think About It 148
Suggested Reading 149
Contents xiii
Chapter 5 Personality Judgment 150
Consequences of Everyday Judgments of Personality 152
Opportunities 152
Expectancies 153
The Accuracy of Personality Judgment 156
Criteria for Accuracy 157
First Impressions 158
Moderators of Accuracy 163
The Realistic Accuracy Model 173
Accuracy Matters 175
Wrapping It Up 176
Summary 176
Think About It 177
Suggested Reading 177
Chapter 6 Using Personality Traits to Understand
Behavior 178
The Single-Trait Approach 181
Self-Monitoring 182
Narcissism 186
The Many-Trait Approach 191
The California Q-Set 191
Word Use 193
Depression 195
Political Orientation 196
The Essential-Trait Approach 199
Reducing the Many to a Few: Theoretical and Factor Analytic
Approaches 199
The Big Five and Beyond 200
Typological Approaches to Personality 215
From Assessment to Understanding 217
Wrapping It Up 217
Summary 217
Think About It 218
Suggested Reading 219
Chapter 7 Personality Stability, Development, and Change 220
Personality Stability 222
Evidence for Stability 222
Causes of Stability 223
Personality Development 228
Cross-Sectional Studies 228
Cohort Effects 230
xiv Contents
Longitudinal Studies 230
Causes of Personality Development 232
The Social Clock 233
The Development of Narrative Identity 234
Goals Across the Life Span 236
Personality Change 236
The Desire for Change 237
Psychotherapy 238
General Interventions 240
Targeted Interventions 240
Behaviors and Life Experiences 244
Overcoming Obstacles to Change 247
Principles of Personality Continuity and Change 250
Is Personality Change Good or Bad? 251
Wrapping It Up 252
Summary 252
Think About It 254
Suggested Reading 255
PART III The Mind and the Body: Biological Approaches to
Personality 256
Chapter 8 The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality 258
The Anatomy of Personality 261
Research Methods for Studying the Brain 263
TheAmygdala 268
The Frontal Lobes and the Neocortex 272
The Anterior Cingulate 276
The Lessons of Psychosurgery 276
Brain Systems 279
The Biochemistry of Personality 280
Neurotransmitters 282
Hormones 287
The Big Five and the Brain 294
Biology: Cause and Effect 296
Wrapping It Up 297
Summary 297
Think About It 299
Suggested Reading 299
Contents xv
Chapter 9 The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics
and Evolutionary Psychology 300
Behavioral Genetics 302
Controversy 303
Calculating Heritability 303
What Heritability Tells You 306
What Heritability Can t Tell You 309
Molecular Genetics 310
Gene-Environment Interactions 313
Epigenetics 318
The Future of Behavioral Genetics 319
Evolutionary Personality Psychology 320
Evolution and Behavior 320
Individual Differences 331
Five Stress Tests for Evolutionary Psychology 333
The Contribution of Evolutionary Theory 339
Inheritance Is the Beginning, Not the End 339
Will Biology Replace Psychology? 340
Wrapping It Up 342
Summary 342
Think About It 345
Suggested Reading 346
PART IV The Hidden World of the Mind: The Psychoanalytic
Approach 348
Chapter 10 Basics of Psychoanalysis 350
Freud Himself 351
The Key Ideas of Psychoanalysis 354
Psychic Determinism 354
Internal Structure 355
Psychic Conflict and Compromise 356
Mental Energy 356
Controversy 357
Psychoanalysis, Life, and Death 359
Psychological Development: Follow the Money” 361
Oral Stage 362
Anal Stage 365
Phallic Stage 368
Genital Stage 370
Moving Through Stages 371
Thinking and Consciousness 372
xvi Contents
Parapraxes 374
Forgetting 375
Slips 376
Anxiety and Defense 377
Psychoanalysis as a Therapy and as a Route Toward
Understanding 379
Psychoanalytic Theory: A Critique 381
Excessive Complexity 381
Case Study Method 381
Vague Definitions 382
Untestability 382
Sexism 383
Why Study Freud? 383
Wrapping It Up 386
Summary 386
Think About It 388
Suggested Reading 389
Chapter ll Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object
Relations, and Current Research 390
Interpreting Freud 393
Latter- Day Issues and Theorists 394
Common Themes ofNeo-Freudian Thought 394
Inferiority and Compensation: Adler 395
The Collective Unconscious, Persona, and Personality: Jung 397
Feminine Psychology and Basic Anxiety: Homey 398
Psychosocial Development: Erikson 399
Object Relations Theory.- Klein and Winnicott 402
Where Have All the Neo-Freudian Theorists
Gone? 406
Current Psychoanalytic Research 406
Testing Psychoanalytic Hypotheses 408
Attachment Theory 409
Psychoanalysis in Perspective 415
Wrapping It Up 416
Summary 416
Think About It 418
Suggested Reading 418
Contents xvii
PART V Experience and Awareness: Humanistic
and Cross-Cultural Psychology 420
Chapter 12 Experience, Existence, and the Meaning of Life:
Humanistic and Positive Psychology 422
Phenomenology: Awareness Is Everything 424
Existentialism 426
The Three Parts of Experience 427
Thrown -ness” and Angst 427
Bad Faith 429
Authentic Existence 430
The Eastern Alternative 431
Optimistic Humanism: Rogers and Maslow 433
Self-Actualization: Rogers 433
The Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow 434
The Fully Functioning Person 437
Psychotherapy 437
Personal Constructs: Kelly 439
Sources of Constructs 439
Constructs and Reality 441
Flow: Csikszentmihalyi 443
Self- Determination Theoiy: Deci and Ryan 444
Positive Psychology 446
The Implications of Phenomenology 449
The Mystery of Experience 450
Understanding Others 450
Wrapping It Up 452
Summary 452
Think About It 454
Suggested Reading 455
Chapter 13 Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and
Personality 456
Culture and Psychology 458
Cross-Cultural Universals Versus Specificity 458
What Is Culture? 459
The Importance of Cross-Cultural Differences 459
Cross-Cultural Understanding 460
Generalizability of Theory and Research 462
Varieties of Human Experience 462
Characteristics of Cultures 463
Etics and Ernies 464
Tough and Easy 465
xviii Contents
Achievement and Affiliation 465
Complexity 466
Tightness and Looseness 466
Head Versus Heart 467
Collectivism and Individualism 469
Honor, Face, and Dignity 476
Cultural Assessment and Personality Assessment 477
Comparing the Same Traits Across Cultures 478
Different Traits for Different Cultures ? 481
Thinking 483
Values 484
The Origins of Cultural Differences 487
Avoiding the Issue 487
The Ecological Approach 488
Cultural Differences From Genetics ? 490
Challenges and New Directions for Cross-Cultural Research 491
Ethnocentrism 492
The Exaggeration of Cultural Differences 492
Cultures and Values 493
Subcultures and Multiculturalism 494
The Universal Human Condition 496
Wrapping It Up 498
Summary 498
Think About It 500
Suggested Reading 501
PART VI What Personality Does: Learning, Thinking, Feeling,
and Knowing 502
Chapter 14 Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social
Learning Theories 504
Behaviorism 506
The Philosophical Roots of Behaviorism 507
Three Kinds of Learning 510
Punishment 517
Social Learning Theory 522
Rotters Social Learning Theory 524
Bandura s Social Learning Theory 526
The Cognitive-Affective Personality System 531
Interactions Among Systems 532
Cognitive Person Variables 532
If and Then 534
Contents xix
Contributions and Limitations of Learning Approaches to
Personality 535
Behaviorism and Personality 536
Wrapping It Up 538
Summary 538
Think About It 539
Suggested Reading 539
Chapter 15 Personality Processes: Perception, Thought,
Motivation, and Emotion 540
The Historical Roots of Research Into Personality Processes 541
Perception 545
Priming and Chronic Accessibility 545
Rejection Sensitivity 548
Aggression 549
Perceptual Defense 550
Vigilance and Defense 552
Thought 552
Consciousness 552
Two Ways of Thinking 555
Motivation 558
Goals 559
Strategies 566
Emotion 569
Emotional Experience 570
Varieties of Emotions 571
Individual Differences in Emotional Life 573
Happiness 576
Personality as a Verb 579
Wrapping It Up 580
Summary 580
Think About It 582
Suggested Reading 583
Chapter 16 The Self: What You Know About You 584
The I and the Me 585
The Contents and Purposes of the Self 586
The Declarative Self 588
Self-Esteem 588
The Self-Schema 590
Self-Reference and Memory 593
Self-Efficacy 594
xx Contents
Possible Selm 595
Self-Discrepancy Theory 596
Accurate Self-Knowledge 597
Self-Knowledge Versus Knowledge of Others 598
Improving Self-Knowledge 601
The Procedural Self 602
Relational Selves 604
Implicit Selves 604
Acquiring and Changing Procedural Knowledge 606
How Many Selves? 607
The Really Real Self 609
Wrapping It Up 610
Summary 610
Think About It 612
Suggested Reading 613
Chapter 17 Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health 614
Personality and Mental Health: Personality Disorders 616
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 616
Defining Personality Disorders 618
The Major Personality Disorders 620
Organizing and Diagnosing Disorders with
iheDSM-5 630
Personality and Disorder 633
Personality and Physical Health 636
Research on Personality and Health 636
The Type A Personality 638
Emotionality 640
Conscientiousness 642
Prospects for Improving Health 643
The Healthy Personality 644
Wrapping It Up 646
Summary 646
Think About It 649
Suggested Reading 650
Epilogue 652
Which Approach Is Right? 653
What Have We Learned? 655
Research Methods Are Useful 656
Cross-Situational Consistency and Aggregation 657
The Biological Roots of Personality 658
The Unconscious Mind 659
Contents xxi
Free Will and Responsibility 659
The Nature of Happiness 660
Changing Behavior and Personality 660
Culture and Personality 661
Construals 661
The Fine, Uncertain, and Important Line Between Normal and
Abnormal 661
Personality, Behavior, and Health 662
The Quest for Understanding 662
Wrapping It Up 663
Summary 663
Think About It 663
Suggested Reading 664
Credits C-l
References R-l
Glossary G-l
Name Index N-i
Subject Index S-i
|
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author | Funder, David C. 1979- |
author_GND | (DE-588)141261080 |
author_facet | Funder, David C. 1979- |
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author_sort | Funder, David C. 1979- |
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bvnumber | BV043527818 |
classification_rvk | CR 1000 |
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indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:28:02Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780393283723 9780393265149 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028943594 |
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owner_facet | DE-11 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-20 |
physical | xxxiv, 664 Seiten, 130 verschieden gezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (überwiegend farbig) |
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spelling | Funder, David C. 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)141261080 aut The personality puzzle David C. Funder, University of California, Riverside Seventh edition, international student edition New York ; London W.W. Norton & Company 2016 © 2016 xxxiv, 664 Seiten, 130 verschieden gezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (überwiegend farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd rswk-swf Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028943594&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Funder, David C. 1979- The personality puzzle Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4075996-9 |
title | The personality puzzle |
title_auth | The personality puzzle |
title_exact_search | The personality puzzle |
title_full | The personality puzzle David C. Funder, University of California, Riverside |
title_fullStr | The personality puzzle David C. Funder, University of California, Riverside |
title_full_unstemmed | The personality puzzle David C. Funder, University of California, Riverside |
title_short | The personality puzzle |
title_sort | the personality puzzle |
topic | Persönlichkeitspsychologie (DE-588)4075996-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Persönlichkeitspsychologie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028943594&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT funderdavidc thepersonalitypuzzle |