Global physical climatology:
Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the cl...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier
[2016]
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the climate system, including the principles and processes that determine the structure and climate of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. More advanced topics apply the basic knowledge introduced to understanding natural variability of the climate in both the present and past, the sensitivity of climate to external forcing, explanations for the ice ages, and the science of human-induced climate change. The physical principles and computer models necessary for understanding past climate and predicting future climate are also discussed. This book is recommended for upper division undergraduates and graduates in meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, and other environmental fields. It is also suitable for students with a background of at least one year of college physics and calculus as well as researchers in academia, government (military, NOAA, NWS), and policymakers. |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 485 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (überwiegend farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9780123285317 0123285313 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the climate system, including the principles and processes that determine the structure and climate of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. More advanced topics apply the basic knowledge introduced to understanding natural variability of the climate in both the present and past, the sensitivity of climate to external forcing, explanations for the ice ages, and the science of human-induced climate change. The physical principles and computer models necessary for understanding past climate and predicting future climate are also discussed. This book is recommended for upper division undergraduates and graduates in meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, and other environmental fields. It is also suitable for students with a background of at least one year of college physics and calculus as well as researchers in academia, government (military, NOAA, NWS), and policymakers. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Global physical climatology
Autor: Hartmann, Dennis L
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
1. Introduction to the Climate System
1.1 Atmosphere, Ocean, and Land Surface 1
1.2 Atmospheric Temperature 3
1.3 Atmospheric Composition 6
1.4 Hydrostatic Balance 9
1.5 Atmospheric Humidity 11
1.6 Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Vertical Stability and Lapse Rate 13
1.7 The World Ocean 17
1.8 The Cryosphere 20
1.9 The Land Surface 20
Exercises 23
2. The Global Energy Balance
2.1 Warmth and Energy 25
2.2 The Solar System 25
2.3 Energy Balance of Earth 27
2.4 Emission Temperature of a Planet 30
2.5 Greenhouse Effect 32
2.6 Global Radiative Flux Energy Balance 33
2.7 Distribution of Insolation 36
2.8 The Energy Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere 40
2.9 Poleward Energy Flux 45
Exercises 48
3. Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
3.1 Photons and Minority Constituents 49
3.2 The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation 50
3.3 Description of Radiative Energy 51
3.4 Planck s Law of Blackbody Emission 53
3.5 Selective Absorption and Emission by Atmospheric Gases 54
3.6 The Lambert—Bouguer-Beer Law: Formulation of Flux Absorption 62
3.7 Infrared Radiative Transfer Equation: Absorption and Emission 66
3.8 Heuristic Model of Radiative Equilibrium 71
3.9 Clouds and Radiation 74
3.10 Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Temperature Profiles 78
3.11 The Role of Clouds in the Energy Balance of Earth 83
3.12 A Simple Model for die Net Radiative Effect of Cloudiness
3.13 Observations of Real Clouds
Exercises
87
89
93
4 The Energy Balance of the Surface
o 7 gc
4.1 Contact Point
4.2 The Surface Energy Budget ^
101
107
4.3 Storage of Heat in the Surface
4.4 Radiative Heating of the Surface
4.5 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer
4.6 Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes in the Boundary Layer 115
4.7 Diurnal Variation of the Surface Energy Balance 120
4.8 Seasonal Variation of the Energy Balance of Land Areas 123
4.9 Geographic Variation of the Surface Energy Balance 126
Exercises 129
5. The Hydrologie Cycle
5.1 Water, Essential to Climate and Life 131
5.2 The Water Balance 133
5.3 Surface Water Storage and Runoff 137
5.4 Precipitation and Dewfall 138
5.5 Evaporation and Transpiration 140
5.6 Annual Variation of the Terrestrial Water Balance 147
5.7 Modeling the Land Surface Water Balance 152
Exercises 157
6. Atmospheric General Circulation and Climate
6.1 The Great Communicator 159
6.2 Energy Balance of the Atmosphere 160
6.3 Atmospheric Motions and the Meridional Transport of Energy 161
6.4 The Angular-Momentum Balance 176
6.5 Large-Scale Circulation Patterns and Climate 180
Exercises jg2
7. The Ocean General Circulation and Climate
7.1 Cauldron of Climate
7.2 Properties of Seawater
7-3 The Mixed Layer
7-4 The Wind-Driven Circulation 206
7.5 Theories for Wind-Driven Circulations 216
7.6 The Deep Thermohaline Circulation 221
7.7 Transport of Energy in the Ocean 227
7.8 Mechanisms of Transport in the Ocean 229
Exercises ^
8 1 aSeaSOnal md Interannual Variability
8-1 Stuff Happens 233
8.2 Internal Atmospheric Variability 235
195
196
200
8.3 HI Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation 246
8.4 Decadal Variations of Weather and Climate 254
Exercises 258
9. History and Evolution of Earth s Climate
9.1 Past is Prologue 261
9.2 The Instrumental Record 262
9.3 The Historical Record 265
9.4 Natural Recording Systems: The Paleoclimatic Record 266
9.5 A Brief Survey of Earth s Climate History 271
9.6 Uses of Paleoclimatic Data 288
Exercises 290
10. Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Mechanisms
10.1 Fools Experiments 293
10.2 Objective Measures of Climate Sensitivity and Feedback 294
10.3 Basic Radiative Feedback Processes 296
10.4 Ice-Albedo Feedback 304
10.5 Dynamical Feedbacks and Meridional Energy Transport 311
10.6 Longwave and Evaporation Feedbacks in the Surface Energy Balance 313
10.7 Cloud Feedback 317
10.8 Biogeochemical Feedbacks 318
Exercises 323
11. Global Climate Models
11.1 Mathematical Modeling 3 25
11.2 Historical Development of Climate Models 326
11.3 The Atmospheric Component 329
11.4 The Land Component 334
11.5 The Ocean Component 335
11.6 Sea Ice Models 336
11.7 Validation of Climate Model Simulations 340
11.8 Feedback Strength and Sensitivity Estimates from Climate Models 342
11.9 Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Processes and the
Thermohaline Circulation 356
Exercises 359
12. Natural Climate Change
12.1 Natural Forcing of Climate Change 361
12.2 Solar Luminosity Variations 362
12.3 Natural Aerosols and Climate 366
12.4 Volcanic Eruptions and Stratospheric Aerosols 371
12.5 The Orbital Parameter Theory of Ice Ages 377
12.6 Modeling of Ice Age Climates 391
Exercises 394
13. Anthropogenic Climate Change
13.1 The Wings of Daedalus
13.2 Humans and the Greenhouse Effect
397
398
13.3 Carbon Dioxide
13-4 Methane
13.5 Halocarbons
13-6 Nitrous Oxide
13.7 Ozone
13.8 Anthropogenic Aerosols and Climate 403
13.9 Changing Surface Conditions 404
13.10 Climate Forcing by Humans 404
13.11 Global Warming Potential 406
13.12 Equilibrium Climate Changes 407
13.13 Detection and Attribution 410
13.14 Time-Dependent Climate Changes 412
13.15 Projections of Future Climate 415
13.16 Outlook foT the Future 421
13.17 Climate Intervention: Geoengineering the Climate of Earth 422
Exercises 424
Appendix At Calculation of Insolation Under Current Conditions 427
Appendix B: Symbol Definitions 431
Appendix C: Système International (SI) Units 443
Appendix D: Useful Numerical Values 447
Appendix E: Answers to Selected Exercises 449
Glossary 455
References 46
Subject Index 47
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Hartmann, Dennis L. Verfasser (DE-588)1274883636 aut Global physical climatology Dennis L. Hartmann, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Second edition Amsterdam Elsevier [2016] xii, 485 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (überwiegend farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the climate system, including the principles and processes that determine the structure and climate of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. More advanced topics apply the basic knowledge introduced to understanding natural variability of the climate in both the present and past, the sensitivity of climate to external forcing, explanations for the ice ages, and the science of human-induced climate change. The physical principles and computer models necessary for understanding past climate and predicting future climate are also discussed. This book is recommended for upper division undergraduates and graduates in meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, and other environmental fields. It is also suitable for students with a background of at least one year of college physics and calculus as well as researchers in academia, government (military, NOAA, NWS), and policymakers. Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 gnd rswk-swf Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 s Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-08-091862-4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028927939&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hartmann, Dennis L. Global physical climatology Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003397-1 (DE-588)4031178-8 (DE-588)4045956-1 |
| title | Global physical climatology |
| title_auth | Global physical climatology |
| title_exact_search | Global physical climatology |
| title_full | Global physical climatology Dennis L. Hartmann, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
| title_fullStr | Global physical climatology Dennis L. Hartmann, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global physical climatology Dennis L. Hartmann, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA |
| title_short | Global physical climatology |
| title_sort | global physical climatology |
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| topic_facet | Atmosphäre Klimatologie Physik |
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