Bioethics in context: moral, legal, and social perspectives
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
broadview press
[2016]
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | 513 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9781554812349 |
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Contents
Acknowledgments 15
Introduction 17
Chapter i: Moral Theory in Bioethics
CONSEQUENT!ALISM AND DEONTOLOGY 25
Consequentialism 28
RULE CONSEQUENTIALISM 33
hare’s utilitarianism 37
Kantian Deontology 38
Rule Theory 43
Case Study: Dr: Mando 47
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES 49
Principlism 49
Particularism 53
Virtue Ethics 56
Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care 60
Casuistry 6 4
CONCLUSION 66
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 68
Chapter 2: Basic Law 73
THE AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM 73
Common Law 73
Statutory Law 75
Executive Orders and Agencies 76
Constitutional Law 76
State Court Systems 77
The Federal Court System 78
LEGAL PROCESSES AND LAWSUITS 79
Legal Processes 79
Lawsuits 79
ETHICS AND THE LAW 81
CONCLUSION 83
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 84
Chapter 3: Justice and the Right to Care 85
THE MEANING OF JUSTICE 85
JUSTICE AND EQUALITY 86
Equality of Resources: Ronald Dworkin 87
Group Equality: R.H. Tawney 89
Complex Equality: Michael Walzer 90
Criteria of Just Distribution 90
THEORIES OF JUSTICE 92
Utilitarian Theory 92
Social Contract Theory 93
Libertarian Theory 95
Feminist Ethics and Just Health Care 96
Norman Danielss Approach to Health-Care Justice 97
Just Health Care: Beauchamp and Childress 98
ALLOCATION OF HEALTH CARE 99
Models for the Allocation of Health Care to Individuals 99
THE PROPRIETARY MODEL 99
THE MERIT MODEL 102
THE SOCIAL WORTH MODEL 103
THE NEED MODEL 104
Policy Options for the Allocation of Health Care 105
FEE-FOR-SERVICE MODEL 105
THE UNIVERSAL AND COMPREHENSIVE PROVISION OF BENEFITS
MODEL 106
FEE-FOR-SERVICE WITH A SAFETY NET MODEL 107
UNIVERSAL BASIC HEALTH-CARE MODEL 108
6
CONTENTS
Professional Considerations 108
Containment of Health-Care Costs 109
Rationing of Health Care 111
PATIENT protection and AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 115
The PPACA and the Iron Triangle 116
ACCESSIBILITY 117
QUALITY 117
COST 119
Concerns about the Viability of the PPACA 121
The PPACA and the US Constitution 122
EXPANSION OF MEDICAID 123
INDIVIDUAL MANDATE 124
Ethical Aspects of the Individual Mandate and Medicaid Expansion 125
CONCLUSION 128
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 129
Chapter 4: The Duty to Treat 131
PHYSICIANS AND OTHER HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS 131
In General No Duty to Treat 131
Duty Not to Abandon 133
Is There a Moral Duty to Treat? 134
Standards of Care 135
Malpractice 138
Good Samaritan Laws 139
HOSPITALS 141
Medicare 141
Medicaid 142
Emergency Treatment 143
Staff Physicians 145
Nurses 145
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THIRD-PARTY PAYERS 146
ERISA : Employment Retirement Income Security Act 152
CONCLUSION 154
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 155
CONTENTS
7
Chapter 5: Informed Consent 157
THE BASICS OF INFORMED CONSENT 158
Three Concepts of Informed Consent 159
Elements of Informed Consent 162
Disclosure 163
Waiving and Delegating Informed Consent 165
Proxy Decision Making 166
Advance Directives 167
ASSESSING CAPACITY 169
The Meaning of Decisional Capacity 169
Mental Illness and Capacity to Consent 175
Enhancing Capacity 175
Capacity: Young and Old 178
Religion and Capacity 178
Does Rejection of Treatment Indicate Incapacity? 179
Erring on the Side of Autonomy 179
Assessing Capacity 180
INFORMED CONSENT: ETHICAL ISSUES 181
Constraints on Informed Consent 181
coercion 181
MANIPULATION 182
OFFERS AND REWARDS 183
INFLUENCE 183
Medical Paternalism 184
Autonomy vs. Beneficence 184
Ethical Evaluation of Informed Consent 185
Informed Consent and Ethics Committees 186
INFORMED CONSENT! LEGAL ISSUES 187
The Scope of Informed Consent 188
COMMUNITY OF PHYSICIANS STANDARD l88
REASONABLE PHYSICIAN STANDARD 19O
OBJECTIVE PATIENT STANDARD 191
SUBJECTIVE PATIENT STANDARD 195
Three Exceptions to Informed Consent 195
INCOMPETENCY 195
EMERGENCY CARE 196
THE THERAPEUTIC PRIVILEGE 196
8
CONTENTS
Legal Consequences of the Failure to Obtain Informed Consent 198
Revising Informed Consent 202
False Imprisonment 203
Special Problem Areas 207
CONCLUSION 211
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 213
Chapter 6: Informed Refusal and the Discontinuation of
Treatment 221
THE CRITERIA FOR AND MEANING OF DEATH 221
Persistent Vegetative States 223
Religious Objections to the Brain-Death Criterion 224
MEDICAL FUTILITY 224
What Is Medical Futility? 225
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR STRICT FUTILITY 228
QUANTITATIVE FUTILITY 228
QUALITATIVE FUTILITY 228
Case Studies of Medical Futility 229
ARE WANGLIE AND BABY K CASES OF MEDICAL FUTILITY? 231
Who Decides? 231
What Is the Chance of Success? 232
Policies on Futility 234
THE AMA POLICY 235
THE TEXAS STATUTE 235
DISCONTINUING MEDICAL TREATMENT 237
Determining Whether to Discontinue Treatment 237
FAMILY CONSENT 238
SUBSTITUTED JUDGMENT 238
BEST INTEREST STANDARD 239
MIXED STANDARD: LIMITED OBJECTIVE TEST 239
Withdrawing versus Withholding Treatment 242
Passive Euthanasia 243
Active Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide 243
THE ETHICS AND LAWS OF ASSISTED SUICIDE 245
CONTENTS
9
ETHICAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMED REFUSAL 246
The Ethics of Informed Refusal 246
Legal Foundations of Informed Refusal 246
KAREN QUINLAN: PRIVACY AND TREATMENT 247
NANCY CRUZAN: CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE
ELIZABETH BOUVIA: DO MOTIVES MATTER? 249
REMOVING RESPIRATORS VERSUS REMOVING FEEDING
TUBES 250
OTHER CASES*. SCHIAVO AND BORENSTEIN 250
TREATMENT DECISIONS INVOLVING CHILDREN 254
Birth Defects and Treatments 255
Parental Autonomy and Mandated Treatment 256
Refusal of Treatment for Religious Reasons 259
CONCLUSION 261
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 261
Chapter 7: Nursing: Legal and Moral Issues 267
WHAT IS NURSING? 267
Licensure and Credentialing 268
Nurse Practice Acts and Nursing Boards 269
Standard of Care 272
Nurses and Conscience Clauses 276
THE LIMITS OF NURSES' RESPONSIBILITIES 278
Nurses and Diagnoses 278
Whose Obligation: Nurse's or Physicians? 279
Nurses Practicing Medicine? 280
Advocating for a Patient 283
Boundary Violations 285
Nurses in Emergencies 285
SOME PARTICULAR DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS 286
Nursing Assessment 286
Acquiring Informed Consent 286
Duty to Protect against Patient Self-Harm 290
Duty to Warn Third Parties 291
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse 292
CONCLUSION 292
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 293
249
10
CONTENTS
Chapter 8: Privacy and Confidentiality 297
PRIVACY 298
Privacy as a Moral Rule 300
Utilitarian Justifications for Privacy 302
Covert Surveillance 303
The Legal Right to Privacy 305
THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY OF CONDUCT 305
THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY OF INFORMATION 3O7
CONFIDENTIALITY 307
The Physician-Patient Relationship 307
The Physicians Obligation of Confidentiality 310
HIPAA Regulations 311
Maintaining Confidentiality 312
Other Legal Exceptions to Confidentiality 314
EVALUATING THE TARASOFF CASE 318
HIV and the Law 319
Duty to Warn of Genetic Risk 321
CONCLUSION 324
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 324
Chapter 9: Cultural Competency 329
THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCY 329
Reasons in Support of Cultural Competency 330
MEDICAL DIAGNOSES AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCE 332
Reacting to Patients: Responding to Differences 335
Respecting Differences and Negotiating Biases 336
Responding to Patient Biases 339
Not All People in Any Culture Are the Same 340
Whose Culture Dominates? 341
The Initial Encounter with Patients 342
CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND INFORMED CONSENT 344
Cultural Competency and Informed Refusal 345
CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TRANSLATION 346
Translation and the Law 352
When Culture Conflicts with the Law 354
DECIDING TO REPORT 355
BALANCING MORAL AND LEGAL OBLIGATIONS 358
CONTENTS
11
THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 358
CONCLUSION 362
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 363
Chapter io: Issues in Human Reproduction 367
ABORTION 367
Fetuses and Personhood 368
Philosophical Perspectives on Abortion 370
Legal Aspects of Abortion 372
THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE FETUS 375
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION 381
SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD 384
INVOLUNTARY STERILIZATION 387
GENETIC TESTING AND TREATMENTS 390
Genetics and Disease 390
Genetic Testing 392
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis 393
GENETIC ENHANCEMENTS 395
Senescence 400
Happiness 401
THE STEM-CELL DEBATE 402
HUMAN CLONING 406
Cloning to Produce Children 406
Cloning for Research Purposes 408
CONCLUSION 410
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 411
Chapter n: Mental Illness 415
WHAT IS MENTAL ILLNESS? 4x5
COMMITMENT, CONSENT, AND DECISION MAKING 416
Institutional Commitment and Consent 417
Treatment Decisions 418
INCOMPETENCE 422
The Use of Restraints 422
12
CONTENTS
legal RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES 424
Malpractice 424
Duties to Third Parties 426
CONCLUSION 428
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 429
Chapter 12: Medical Research: Clinical Trials 433
WHAT ARE CLINICAL TRIALS? 433
PROTECTING RESEARCH SUBJECTS 435
Historical Abuse 435
The Belmont Report 437
The Declaration of Helsinki 440
PLACEBOS 440
TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIALS 443
Phase 1 Trials 443
Phase II Trials 445
Phase III Trials 446
PROTOCOLS 447
CLINICAL EQUIPOISE 448
PARTICIPATION IN A CLINICAL TRIAL 449
FEDERAL REGULATIONS 451
LEGAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL TRIALS 457
Abney, et al. v. Amgen Inc. 457
Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc.; Myron Higgins, A Minor, Etc.,
et al. v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc. 459
Kristina Ann Dahl, MD, et al. v. HEM Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al. 461
Estate of Kevin Baker v. University of Vermont 462
Greenberg, et al. v. Miami Childrens Hospital Research Institute, Inc., et
al 465
CONCLUSION 468
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 468
CONTENTS
13
Chapter 13: Transplantation Ethics 477
ORGAN DONATION 477
EVALUATING PROSPECTIVE ORGAN RECIPIENTS 478
SELLING ORGANS 480
LIVE DONORS 481
Donors Lacking Competence 482
Donations against Ones Will 484
PRISONERS AS ORGAN DONORS 486
CONCLUSION 487
EXERCISES AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 487
Index 491
Index of Court Cases 507
Index of Statutes 511
Index of Model Acts 513
In Bioethics in Context, Gary Jones and Joseph DeMarco
connect ethical theory, medicine, and the law, guiding
readers toward a practical and legally grounded
understanding of key issues in health-care ethics. This
book is uniquely up-to-date in its discussion of health-
care law and unpacks the complex web of American
policies, including the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act. Useful case studies and examples are embedded
throughout, and a companion website offers a thorough,
curated database of relevant legal precedents as well as
additional case studies and other resources. |
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building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV043508602 |
classification_rvk | CC 7264 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)964453465 (DE-599)BVBBV043508602 |
discipline | Philosophie |
format | Book |
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spelling | Jones, Gary E. Verfasser aut Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives Gary E. Jones, Joseph P. DeMarco Peterborough, Ontario, Canada broadview press [2016] 513 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 gnd rswk-swf Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 s DE-604 DeMarco, Joseph P. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)13032700X aut Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028924861&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028924861&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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subject_GND | (DE-588)4006791-9 |
title | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives |
title_auth | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives |
title_exact_search | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives |
title_full | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives Gary E. Jones, Joseph P. DeMarco |
title_fullStr | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives Gary E. Jones, Joseph P. DeMarco |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioethics in context moral, legal, and social perspectives Gary E. Jones, Joseph P. DeMarco |
title_short | Bioethics in context |
title_sort | bioethics in context moral legal and social perspectives |
title_sub | moral, legal, and social perspectives |
topic | Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Bioethik |
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