Microbial biochemistry:
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Dordrecht
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[2016]
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| Edition: | Fourth edition |
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxx, 767 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
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Titel: Microbial biochemistry
Autor: Cohen, Georges N
Jahr: 2016
Contents
1 Bacterial Growth.1
The Lag Phase.1
The Exponential Phase.2
Linear Growth.2
The Yield of Growth.3
Variation of the Growth Rate at Limiting Carbon Source
Concentrations.5
Continuous Growth: The Chemostat.5
Advantages of the Continuous Exponential Culture.7
Diauxic Growth.8
Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching.10
Ultra-Small Bacteria in Groundwater.12
Phosphorus Is Needed for Growth.13
Biofilms.13
Selected References.14
2 The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria
and the Cytoplasmic Membrane.17
The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria.17
The Cytoplasmic Membrane.20
Energy Generation.22
ATP Synthase.23
Subunit Composition of ATP Synthase.24
ATP Synthesis in Archaea.28
Selected References.29
3 Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Cell Division.33
General Structure.33
Annex: Utilisation of Glucosamine
and N_Acetylglucosamine as Carbon Sources.34
vii
viii Contents
Assembly of the Peptidoglycan Unit.34
Formation of UDP-MurNAc.34
Peptide Addition.35
The Membrane Steps.38
Assembly of the Murein Sacculus.40
Teichoic Acids.41
Penicillin Sensitivity.41
Cell Surface Signaling.41
Cell Division.42
Archeal Cell Shape.48
Rod Shape.49
Selected References.49
4 Cellular Permeability.51
Accumulation, Crypticity, and Selective Permeability.52
(J-Galactoside Permease.53
Accumulation in Induced Cells: Kinetics and Specificity.54
The Induced Synthesis of Galactoside Permease.58
Functional Significance of Galactoside Permease.
Specific Crypticity.59
Functional Relationships of Permease: Induction.60
Genetic Relationships of Galactosidase and Galactoside Permease. 60
Galactoside Permease as Protein.61
Periplasmic Binding Proteins and ATP Binding Cassettes.67
Phosphotransferases: The PTS System.71
TRAP Transporters.73
A Few Well-Identified Cases of Specific Cellular Permeability.75
Amino Acid Permeases.75
Peptide Permeases.77
Porins.79
Iron and Sodium Uptake and Transport.83
Magnesium Uptake.86
Ion Channels.86
Nanotubes.87
Conclusion.88
Selected References.88
5 Allosteric Enzymes.93
Allosteric Inhibition and Activation.97
Polymeric Nature of Allosteric Enzymes. The Model
of Monod, Wyman and Changeux.99
An Alternative Model.104
Probing Allostery Through DNA.105
Conclusion.105
Selected References.106
Contents ix
6 Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen
and Cellulose Synthesis.107
Glycogen Degradation.107
Glycolysis.107
Hexokinase.109
Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase.110
Phosphofructokinase.110
Regulation of Phosphofructokinase in Bacteria.Ill
Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase.112
Triose-Phosphate Isomerase.113
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH).113
Phosphoglycerate Kinase.114
Phosphoglyceromutase.114
Enolase.115
Pyruvate Kinase.115
Lactate.116
L-Glucose Catabolic Pathway.116
Gluconeogenesis.117
Fructose Bisphosphatase in Microorganisms.117
Glycogen Synthesis.118
Glycogen Synthase.118
Control of Glycogen Biosynthesis.119
Branching Enzyme.120
Cellulose Synthesis.120
Cellulose Degradation.121
Selected References.122
7 The Pentose Phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff Pathways.123
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway.123
The Enzymes of the Oxidative Phase.123
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase.123
6-Phosphogluconolactonase.124
6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating).124
Ribose Phosphate Isomerase.124
The Enzymes of the Non Oxidative Phase.125
Transketolase.126
T ransaldolase.126
Ribulose-5-Phosphate-3-Epimerase.126
The Particular Case of Brucella.126
Regulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.128
A Pentose Bisphosphate Pathway for Nucleoside
Degradation in Archaea.128
The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway.128
Selected References.130
x Contents
8 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Glyoxylate Bypass.131
The Origin of Acetyl CoA: The Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase Complex.131
Overview of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle.133
Origin of the Oxaloacetate.133
Citrate Synthase.134
Aconitase (From Citrate to Isocitrate Through m-Aconitate).137
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH).139
E. coli Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Kinase/Phosphatase.141
a-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex.142
Succinyl CoA Synthetase.142
Succinate Dehydrogenase.144
Fumarase.146
Malate Dehydrogenase.148
Organization of the Enzymes of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.150
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Is a Source
of Biosynthetic Precursors.151
The Anaplerotic Glyoxylic Pathway Bypass.151
Selected References.154
9 ATP-Generating Processes: Respiration and Fermentation.157
The Biological Oxidation of Organic Metabolites
Is the Removal of Electrons.157
Respiration.157
Dioxygenases.161
Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Transfer.162
Fermentation.163
Formate Hydrogenlyase Complex.163
Acetone-Butanol Fermentation.164
The Stickland Reaction.164
Ornithine Fermentation.164
Glycine and Proline Degradation.165
Threonine Degradation.166
Histidine Degradation.167
Glutamate Degradation.168
Lysine Degradation.168
Arginine Fermentation.170
Methionine Degradation.171
D-selenocystine and D-cysteine Degradation.171
Respiration Versus Fermentation.172
Anaerobic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds.172
Degradation of Pyrimidines and Purines.173
Radical Species in the Catalytic Pathways of Enzymes
from Anaerobes.173
Selected References.174
Contents xi
10 Biosynthesis of Lipids.179
Biosynthesis of Short Chain Fatty Acids.179
Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids.180
Synthesis of Acetyl CoA.180
Synthesis of Malonyl CoA.180
From Malonyl CoA to Palmitate.182
Regulation of Yeast Fatty Acid Synthesis at the Genetic Level.187
Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Bacteria.188
Biosynthesis of Triglycerides.189
Biosynthesis of Phosphoglycerides.189
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase (CFA Synthase).191
Lipoproteins.192
Selected References.193
11 Iron-Sulfur Proteins.195
Iron-Sulfur Clusters.195
2Fe-2S Clusters.196
4Fe-4S Clusters.196
3Fe-4S Clusters.197
Other Fe-S Clusters.197
Biosynthesis of Fe-S Clusters.197
Iron-Sulfur Proteins.199
Selected References.201
12 The Archaea.203
Origin of the Eukaryotes.208
Chemical Characteristics of Archaea.208
Archaea: Fossil Record.213
Origin of Archaea.214
Economic Importance of the Archaea.214
Selected References.215
13 Methanogens and Methylotrophs.217
Methanogens and Methanogenesis.218
Reduction of CO2.219
Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase.220
Formylmethanofuran: Tetrahydromethanopterin
Formyltransferase.222
Methenyltetrahydromethanopterin Cyclohydrolase.222
5, 10-Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin Dehydrogenase.223
5, 10-Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin
F42o Oxidoreductase.224
Methylcoenzyme M Methylreductase.224
Simplification of the Methylreductase System.226
Structure and Reaction Mechanism of the Methylreductase.227
xjj Contents
Source of the Energy Needed for the Growth of Methanogens.228
Biosynthesis of Some Cofactors Involved in Methanogenesis.228
Methanofuran.2.28
Methanopterin.229
Coenzyme M.230
7-Mercaptoheptanoylthreoninephosphate (Coenzyme B).231
Biosynthesis of Coenzyme F420.232
Biosynthesis of Factor F430.232
Biosynthesis of Factor III.233
The Aerobic Formation of Methane.233
Methylotrophs.234
Methanotrophs.234
Metabolism of Methyl Compounds.236
Methanol Dehydrogenase (MDH).237
Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane.237
Methylamine Dehydrogenase.239
Carbon Assimilation by Methylotrophs.240
Carboxydotrophs.241
Selected References.243
14 Enzyme Induction in Catabolic Systems.247
The Specificity of Induction.247
De Novo Synthesis of p-Galactosidase.250
Constitutive Mutants.251
Pleiotropy of the Constitutive Mutants.252
The Genetic Control and the Cytoplasmic Expression
of Inducibility in the Synthesis of fl-galactosidase in E. coli.
The Lac Repressor.253
Operators and Operons.258
Selected References.261
15 Transcription: RNA Polymerase.263
The Synthesis of Messenger RNA. The Bacterial
RNA Polymerase.264
Termination of Transcription in Prokaryotes.271
Messenger RNA Degradation.275
Yeast RNA Polymerases.275
Archaeal RNA Polymerases.276
Transcriptional Termination and PolyA Tails.277
Selected References.278
16 Negative Regulation.281
Induction Is Correlated with the Synthesis
of a Specific Messenger.281
Isolation of the Lac Repressor.283
Contents xiii
The lac Operator Is a DNA Sequence. 286
Direct Observation of Transcription Factor Dynamics
in a Living Cell.291
Selected References.292
17 Enzyme Repression in Anabolic Pathways.293
Description of the Phenomenon.293
Isolation of Derepressed (Constitutive) Mutants
in Biosynthetic Pathways. The Use of Structural Analogues.297
Replacement of Methionine by Selenomethionine in Proteins.299
Selected References.299
18 Positive Regulation.301
The Promoter Region.302
Role of Cyclic AMP and of the CAP Protein in the Binding
of RNA Polymerase to the Promoter Region.303
The Synthesis and Degradation of Cyclic AMP.306
How Does Glucose Exert Its Inhibitory Effect on E.
coli p-galactosidase Synthesis?.307
Coordination of Bacterial Proteome with Metabolism
by Cyclic AMP Signaling and Second Messengers.307
Cyclic-di-GMP.309
Alarmones.310
Selected References.311
19 The Ribosomes, Translation, Chaperones
and Protein Kinases.313
The Components of E. coli Ribosomes.314
The Ribosomes of Eukaryotes and of Archaea.316
Post-translational Modifications of Proteins.317
Mechanistic Aspects of Translation of Messenger RNA
to Protein by Ribosomes.318
Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthesis.327
Chaperones and Chaperonins.328
Role of the Genomic Location of the Major Ribosomal
Protein Gene Locus.334
Extraribosomal Functions.335
Microbial Protein Kinases.335
Post-transcriptional Modifications of Proteins.336
Selected References.337
20 The Genetic Code, Transfer RNAs
and Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetases.341
The Genetic Code.341
Codon Bias.347
The Transfer RNAs.348
xjv Contents
Modulation of tRNA Function.356
Selected References.358
21 Attenuation.361
Regulation of the Trp Operon in Bacillus Subtilis.366
General Remarks on Regulatory Mechanisms.366
Selected References.367
22 Regulation by RNAs and Riboswitches.369
Mechanisms of Riboswitches.373
Selected References.375
23 The Biological Fixation of Nitrogen.377
Control of Nitrogenase Synthesis and Activity.382
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation.384
Selected References.385
24 How Biosynthetic Pathways Have Been Established.387
Use of Isotopes.387
Use of Auxotrophic Mutants.390
Enzymatic Analysis.392
Selected References.392
25 The Aspartic Acid Family of Amino Acids: Biosynthesis.393
The Biosynthesis of Aspartic Acid and Asparagine.393
Asparaginase.395
The Biosynthesis of Aspartate Semialdehyde,
the Common Intermediate in the Biosynthesis
of Lysine, Methionine, Threonine and Isoleucine.395
Biosynthesis of Lysine from Aspartate Semialdehyde
in Bacteria.396
The Synthesis of Dipicolinic Acid, a Substance Present
in the Spores of Gram-Positive Bacilli.399
The Reduction of Aspartate Semialdehyde to Homoserine,
the Common Precursor of Methionine and Threonine.400
Biosynthesis of Methionine from Homoserine.401
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Biosynthesis
and Its Role in Methylations.406
Biosynthesis of Threonine from Homoserine.410
Biosynthetic Threonine Dehydratase.412
Isoleucine Biosynthesis.412
Ectoine Biosynthesis.413
Selected References.416
Contents xv
26 Regulation of the Biosynthesis of the Amino Acids
of the Aspartic Acid Family in Enterobacteriaceae.419
A Paradigm of Isofunctional and Multifunctional Enzymes
and of the Allosteric Equilibrium.419
Two Aspartokinases in E. Coli.420
The Threonine-Sensitive Homoserine Dehydrogenase
of E. Coli.422
Isolation of a Mutant Lacking the Lysine-Sensitive
Aspartokinase and of Revertants Thereof.422
Evidence That the Threonine-Sensitive Aspartokinase
and Homoserine Dehydrogenase of E. Coli Are Carried
by the Same Bifunctional Protein.424
The Binding of Threonine to Aspartokinase I-Homoserine
Dehydrogenase 1.427
The Binding of Pyridine Nucleotides to Aspartokinase
I-Homoserine Dehydrogenase 1.428
The Effects of Threonine on Aspartokinase I-Homoserine
Dehydrogenase I Are Not Only Due to Direct Interactions.428
The Allosteric Transition of Aspartokinase
I-Dehydrogenase 1.431
Aspartokinase II-Homoserine Dehydrogenase II.434
Aspartokinase HI.436
From Homoserine to Methionine.436
From Threonine to Isoleucine.437
Multifunctional Proteins.438
Regulations at the Genetic Level.439
The Threonine Operon.439
Regulation of the Lysine Regulon at the Genetic Level.440
Regulation of Methionine Biosynthesis at the Genetic Level.441
The Methionine Repressor.443
The metR Gene and Its Product.448
Damage Induced by Oxidation of Methionine
to Methionine Sulfoxide.449
Methionine Sulfoxide.450
The Regulation of Isoleucine Synthesis at the Genetic Level.450
Appendix: More on Regulons.450
Selected References.452
27 Other Patterns of Regulation of the Synthesis
of Amino Acids of the Aspartate Family.455
Concerted Feedback Inhibition of Aspartokinase Activity
in Rhodobacter capsulatus (Formerly Rhodopseudomonas
capsulata).455
Pseudomonads.456
xvj Contents
Specific Reversal of a Particular Feedback Inhibition
by Other Essential Metabolites. The Case
of Rhodospirillum Rubrum.458
Archaea.459
The Particular Case of Spore-Forming Bacilli.461
Some Other Cases.462
Conclusion.463
Selected References.463
28 Biosynthesis of the Amino Acids of the Glutamic Acid
Family and Its Regulation.465
The Biosynthesis of Glutamine.465
Biosynthesis of Glutamine. Cumulative Feedback Inhibition.465
Biosynthesis of Glutamine. The Covalent Modification
of Glutamine Synthetase.467
Glutamine Synthetase Structure.468
Reversible Adenylylation of the Glutamine Synthetase.471
Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Activity
by Covalent Adenylylation.472
The Regulation of the Synthesis of Glutamine Synthetase
Also Involves the Two Forms of PII and UTase/UR.474
Glutamine Synthetase in Other Microorganisms.475
The Biosynthesis of Glutamate.477
Glutamate Dehydrogenase.478
Glutamate Synthase.478
Glutamate Decarboxylase.479
Biosynthesis of Proline.480
In Enterobacteriaceae.480
In Other Genera.481
Utilization of Proline.482
Degradation of Hydroxyproline.483
The Biosynthesis of Arginine and Polyamines.483
Biosynthesis of Arginine.483
Regulation of Arginine Biosynthesis
at the Transcriptional Level.487
The Arginine Repressor.487
Polyamine Biosynthesis.488
Urease.492
Utilization of Arginine as Sole Nitrogen Source
by B. Subtilis.493
Urease as a Source of Ammonia.493
Nitric Oxide Synthase in Bacteria.493
The Biosynthesis of Lysine in Yeasts and Molds.495
The Aminoadipic Acid Pathway.495
Selected References.499
Contents xvii
29 Biosynthesis of Amino Acids Derived from Phosphoglyceric
Acid and Pyruvic Acid.503
Biosynthesis of Glycine and Serine.503
Regulation of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase
at the Transcriptional Level.506
Biosynthesis of Cysteine.506
O-acetylation of Serine.509
Cysteine Synthesis in Methanogens.510
Allosteric Regulation of Cysteine Synthesis.511
Regulation of Cysteine Synthesis at the Genetic Level.512
Biosynthesis of Alanine.512
Biosynthesis of Valine.513
Biosynthesis of Leucine.516
Isoleucine Synthesis from Pyruvate.518
Overproduction of Noncanonical Amino Acids
by Escherichia coli.518
Regulation of Valine, Isoleucine and Leucine Biosynthesis.519
Selected References.520
30 Selenocystelne and Selenoproteins.523
Outlook.523
Selenium Binding Protein.524
Enzymes Containing Selenocysteine.524
Formate Dehydrogenases.524
The Glycine Reductase Complex.525
The Nicotinic Acid Hydroxylase of Clostridium Barkeri.526
Hydrogenases.527
Xanthine Dehydrogenase.527
Acetoacetyl CoA Thiolase.528
D-Proline Reductase from Clostridium sticklandii.528
Thioredoxin.528
Gene Products Involved in Selenocysteine Biosynthesis
and Incorporation.529
Selenocysteine Synthase.529
Selenophosphate Synthetase.530
Selenocysteine Lyase.530
Selenocysteyl tRNA.531
Insertion Sequences (SECIS Elements).532
Selenocysteine and Archaea.533
Biochemical Function of the Selenocysteine Residue
in Catalysis.533
Selected References.534
xviii Contents
31 Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids and Its Regulation.535
The Common Pathway (Shikimic Pathway).535
Formation of Shikimic Acid.535
Formation of Chorismic Acid.539
Physiological Aspects of the Regulation
of the Common Pathway.541
Characteristics of the Common Pathway
in Several Organisms.542
Biosynthesis of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
from Chorismic Acid.544
The tyrR Regulon.545
Regulation of the pheA Gene by Attenuation.546
Other Organisms. The Arogenate Pathway
of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Biosynthesis.546
Aspartate as a Presursor of Aromatic Amino Acids.547
The Biosynthesis of Tryptophan from Chorismic Acid.548
Anthranilate Synthase: Anthranilate
Phosphoribosyltransferase.549
Phosphoribosylanthranilate Isomerase:
Indoleglycerophosphate Synthase.550
Tryptophan Synthase.551
Organization of the Tryptophan Genes in Other Organisms.555
Regulation of Tryptophan Biosynthesis at the Genetic Level.
The Tryptophan Repressor.556
A Unitary Model for Induction and Repression.558
Isolation of the Trp Repressor.558
Enterochelin (Enterobactin) Biosynthesis.560
The Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid.560
Aromatic Azoxy Compounds.562
Selected References.562
32 The Biosynthesis of Histidine and Its Regulation.565
Regulation of Histidine Biosynthesis at the Genetic Level.569
Synthesis of Diphthamide, a Modified Histidine, by Archaea.574
Selected References.575
33 The Biosynthesis of Nucleotides.577
The Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleotides.577
Synthesis of 5-Phosphoribosyl-1 -Pyrophosphate.577
Synthesis of Carbamylphosphate.578
Synthesis of Cytidine and Uridine Triphosphates.580
Direct Utilization of Pyrimidines and of Their Derivatives.583
Aspartate Transcarbamylase of E. Coli.584
The Aspartate Transcarbamylase of Other Organisms.590
Regulation of Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis
at the Genetic Level.591
Contents xix
Pyrimidine Homeostasis.592
The Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides.592
Biosynthesis of 5-Amino-4-Imidazole Carboxamide
Ribonucleotide.592
Synthesis of Inosinic Acid.595
Synthesis of Guanylic and Adenylic Acids.596
Remarks on the Control of Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis.597
From Nucleoside Monophosphates to Nucleoside
Diphosphates and Triphosphates.599
Selected References.600
34 The Biosynthesis of Deoxyribonucleotides.603
The Formation of Deoxyribonucleoside Diphosphates
from Ribose Nucleoside Diphosphates.603
The Ribosenucleoside Diphosphate (NDP) 'Reductase System
of E. coW.604
Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin Reductase.604
Ribonucleoside Reductase.607
Regulation of the Activity of Ribonucleoside Diphosphate
Reductase.609
dCMP Deaminase and Thymidylate Synthase.612
dUTPase.613
The Ribonucleoside Phosphate Reductase of Other Organisms.613
A Ribonucleotide Triphosphate Reductase Reaction in E. coli
Grown Under Anaerobic Conditions.615
The Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates
from the Diphosphates.617
Organization of DNA Precursor Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells.617
Selected References.618
35 Biosynthesis of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins
and of Their Coenzyme Forms.621
Biosynthesis of Thiamin and Cocarboxylase.621
Control of Thiamin Biosynthesis.624
Biosynthesis of Riboflavin.626
Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide, NAD+ and NADP+.630
Regulation of the Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide
and Its Derivatives.635
NAD+ and the ADP-Ribosylation of Proteins.635
Biosynthesis of Para-aminobenzoic Acid, of Folic Acid
and Its Derivatives.636
Biosynthesis of Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine,
and of Its Derivatives, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
and Pyridoxal Phosphate.641
Biosynthesis of Biotin, Biotin C02, and Biocytin.643
The Biotin Operon and Its Repressor.648
Biosynthesis of Lipoic Acid.650
xx Contents
Biosynthesis of Pantothenate and Coenzyme A.653
The Synthesis of Pantothenic Acid.653
The Synthesis of Coenzyme A from Pantothenic Acid.654
The Acyl Carrier Protein.656
The Biosynthesis of Inositol.656
The Degradation of Myo-inositol by Bacillus subtilis.657
Biosynthesis of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone.657
Selected References.660
36 Biosynthesis of Carotene, Vitamin A, Sterols, Ubiquinones
and Menaquinones. .663
Synthesis of the Common Precursor.663
The Non-mevalonate Pathway of Isoprenoid Precursor
(Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate) Biosynthesis.665
Terpenes and Terpenoids.667
Synthesis of ^-Carotene, Carotenoids and Vitamin A.668
Synthesis of the Carotenoids.668
Synthetic Biology and Carotenoids.672
Regulation of Carotenoid Synthesis.672
Synthesis of Vitamin A.673
Synthesis of Sterols.673
The Biosynthesis of Ubiquinones and Menaquinones.676
Prenylations.681
Selected References.682
37 Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole Ring System.685
Synthesis of Protoporphyrin.685
Synthesis of Heme from Protoporphyrin.691
Heme Biosynthesis in Archaea.692
Synthesis of Chlorophyll from Protoporphyrin.692
Biosynthesis of the Phycobilin Chromophores. Chromatic
Adaptation.696
Cyanobacteria and Orcadian Clock.699
A Type of Chromatic Adaptation Under Conditions
of Sulfur Starvation.701
Selected References.701
38 Biosynthesis of Cobalamins Including Vitamin B12.705
Cobinamide Biosynthesis.709
From GDP-Cobinamide to Cobalamin.712
Elucidation of the Anaerobic Pathway for the Corrin Component
of Vitamin B12.714
Vitamin B12 Dependent Enzymes.714
Dehalogenases and Vitamin B12.715
Adenosylcobalamin as Photoreceptor.716
Adenosylcobalamin Dependent Radical Enzymes.716
Selected References.717
Contents xxi
39 Interactions Between Proteins and DNA.719
DNA-Binding Proteins.719
Study of the Protein-DNA Complexes.722
Some Other Types of DNA-Binding Proteins.727
Selected References.730
40 Evolution of Biosynthetic Pathways.733
Principles of Protein Evolution.733
Two Theories for the Evolution of Biosynthetic Pathways.733
The Methionine and Cysteine Biosynthetic Pathways.734
The Threonine, Isoleucine, Cysteine and Tryptophan Biosynthetic
Pathways.737
The Evolutionary Pathway Leading to the Three Isofunctional
Aspartokinases in Escherichia coli.743
The Aspartokinase and Homoserine Dehydrogenase Activities
of Microorganisms Other Than Enterobacteriaceae.747
Transmembrane Facilitators.750
DNA-Binding Regulator Proteins.751
Selected References.751
Index.755 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cohen, Georges N. 1920- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142904864 |
| author_facet | Cohen, Georges N. 1920- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cohen, Georges N. 1920- |
| author_variant | g n c gn gnc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043496903 |
| classification_rvk | WF 1350 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)951729273 (DE-599)BVBBV043496903 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | Fourth edition |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043496903 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-04-02T14:00:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789401775779 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028913378 |
| oclc_num | 951729273 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-20 |
| physical | xxx, 767 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cohen, Georges N. 1920- Verfasser (DE-588)142904864 aut Microbial biochemistry Georges N. Cohen Fourth edition Dordrecht Springer [2016] 2016 xxx, 767 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd rswk-swf Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd rswk-swf Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd rswk-swf Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 s Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 s DE-604 Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 s 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-94-017-7579-3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028913378&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Cohen, Georges N. 1920- Microbial biochemistry Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039226-0 (DE-588)4006777-4 (DE-588)4039983-7 |
| title | Microbial biochemistry |
| title_auth | Microbial biochemistry |
| title_exact_search | Microbial biochemistry |
| title_full | Microbial biochemistry Georges N. Cohen |
| title_fullStr | Microbial biochemistry Georges N. Cohen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial biochemistry Georges N. Cohen |
| title_short | Microbial biochemistry |
| title_sort | microbial biochemistry |
| topic | Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mikroorganismus Biochemie Molekularbiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028913378&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cohengeorgesn microbialbiochemistry |