Atanas Burov: život za Bălgarija
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
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Sofija
Fondacija "Atanas Burov"
2016
|
| Ausgabe: | Četvărto izdanie |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 470 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9789549111323 |
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MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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ATANAS BUROV. LIFE FOR BULGARIA
Summary
Research on the life, activity and stand on public issues of Atanas Dimitrov Burov, Bulgarian politician and statesman.
The Burovs is an old Bulgarian family that occupied a place in the public domain for more than three centuries. Pleiades worthy men bearing this name have been eminent figures of the Bulgarian National Revival, participants in the national liberation movement, and builders of modem Bulgaria.
Atanas Burov is one of the representatives of this patriotic Bulgarian family. He was bom in 1875 in the town of Goma Oryahovitsa. The year and place of birth would determine his destiny and life path.
The year 1875 gave birth to the powerful striving of Bulgarians for freedom. Its first manifestation was the Stara Zagora Uprising. In April the following year the land of the Bulgarians was in flames. The cruelty and the massacres during the suppression of the April Uprising awoke the conscience of the democratic European society. Russia took advantage of the established European sentiment against Turkish despotism and in 1877 declared war on Turkey. The Russian Tsar and the government, led by their interests, and the Russian people, led by their sense of solidarity with the Slav brothers, merged their efforts in the same direction and with one goal: freedom for the Bulgarian people.
Freedom was a difficult start in the establishment of the Bulgarian state. Differences were a lot, but the thought of Bulgaria was above all and it accommodated disagreements into creative and constructive activities. And miracles happened. For a quarter of a century, the underdeveloped Turkish province of Bulgaria ensured its place in the European community as a country with modem legislation, with a developed educational system and research institutes, and with economy that Europe dubbed the ‘Bulgarian miracle’. Bulgaria grew up as the first power in the Balkans with its well prepared, equipped and motivated national army.
These were the cornerstones that built Burov as a politician and statesman, a pillar of parliamentary democracy, and as an intransigent opponent of totalitarianism and violence.
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Being a medieval stronghold in the Revival Period, Goma Oryahovitsa developed as a craft and trade centre. Prior to the Liberation, there were six schools, five churches, and network of educational and civil associations in the town. Labour, education and urban solidarity underlay the spiritual and physical appearance of the town. Strata of intellectuals, artisans and traders as educated and business-oriented people developed.
The Burovs were prominent representatives of the class of urban economists. In the early 1860’s, the family appreciated the qualities of Dimitar (father of Atanas Burov) and he was entrusted the management of the family Bank and Trading House. After the Liberation, the company expanded its activities and in 1886 it was reorganized in a general partnership, D. A. Burov and Co. Bank. The company trained family members in banking and assisted thier growth as business leaders and public figures.
These were yet other milestones and family environment that formed the moral qualities of Atanas Burov and impacted his participation in the industrial renewal of Bulgaria, in the banking and insurance sectors.
The documentary evidence of Burov are scarce. Three times, during the Agrarian regime in 1922, and the Communist rule in 1944 and 1951, he was indicted, his home was searched and personal records were seized. The surviving family documents and possessions later formed the Atanas Burov Archives Fund. It comprised copies of all printed texts of Burov: speeches in the National Assembly, at sessions of the League of Nations, at civil society meetings and party forums, articles in the daily and periodical press. Documents relating to his activities as Foreign Minister (1926 - 1931) were collected in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Denominations. The last twenty years of Burov’s life (1934 - 1954) can be traced in the archives of the Ministry of the Interior, investigation and litigation trial papers. Literature is a valuable source of memoirs and research in the field of economy, politics and social processes during his earthly path. The effort of collecting this material was richly rewarded. In place of the person who was maligned during the Communist regime (1944 - 1989) and presented as public enemy emerged the true image of Atanas Burov: extroverted personality with enlightened and comprehensive mind, consistent in his democratic beliefs, patriotic, brave and uncompromising in the struggle for people’s rights and freedoms.
Summary
Burov prepared for his career path as an economic figure and statesman with austerity and hard work. Upon completion of the elementary school in his hometown, he continued his education at the prestigious Aprilov’s High School in Gabrovo. For his passion for socialist ideas at the last grade Burov was expelled from high school and graduated as a private student. He received his higher education at the Sorbonne, Paris, and specialized in Law and Economic Sciences.
In France, Atanas Burov acquired knowledge and experience, which would become the basis of his ideological beliefs. In the decade after his return home, they were adapted to the conditions in Bulgaria, thus forming a coherent set of views and beliefs that would guide his future activities as a politician and statesman.
The mastering the legal and economic sciences, and the understanding of social processes in Europe put an end to his Socialist beliefs. The main line that distinguished Burov from Socialism and Marxism ideas was the attitude toward property and capital. To encroach on one’s property without new forms for its development to have been naturally created meant to eliminate the main incentive and most active energy of human progress. As for the capital, in any case he considered it is a ‘means of production’ and any attempt to limit its functions would paralyze production and would lead to economic chaos.
Atanas Burov spent a lot of his time and energy, invested his oratorical skill and journalistic talent, to clarify what was the best socio-political environment for the implementation of private property and capital. Leading motif in his work as a statesman was his relentless belief in the power and inexhaustible possibilities of democracy. For Burov democracy had no alternative. The in-depth study of dictatorships formed in him the conviction for their negative role in the history of nations. Every dictatorship, he claimed, ended with disaster for which people paid a high price. After the First World War Burov was outspoken opponent of Fascism, National Socialism and the Soviet totalitarian model.
Systemic absorption of modem sociological thought formed in Atanas Burov a lasting conception of relations between classes. Class struggle, which involved extreme forms of opposition could not be the engine of human progress. He favoured exclusively social reforms that would soften the contradictions between labour and capital, between the parties, and would also consolidate public energy for constructive work.
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Ideological beliefs and conviction could be defended in various ways and by different means. Parliamentary and legislative work, however, should stand above all, as a supreme expression of an ideological conviction which was striving to find its public expression.
Finally, Burov concluded that the capital and the bourgeoisie had not exhausted their capacities. Placed in a democratic environment, they would evolve and adapt in order to be most useful to the needs of society.
Burov returned to Bulgaria in 1900. He started working in his father-led family company. He controled bank lending for railway construction, industry, and modem agriculture. Experience showed that successful economic development required state organization - legislation, law and order, public discipline, civil liberties and personal responsibility. Bulgaria was in its infancy in statehood, straining all its forces to join the European civilization model. Burov, however, identified gaps in state legislation and practice. This determined his future destiny: to put his knowledge and perception of the European model in the service of his people and country.
From 1911 until 19 May 1934, when a military coup dissolved the National Assembly and opened the way for the authoritarian regime of the monarch, Ata-nas Burov was Member of Parliament, parliamentary tribune, ideologist and defender of state sovereignty, civil rights and freedoms. The advent of Burov on the public scene earned him the title of ‘most convincing ideologue of the bourgeoisie in our country.’
Burov was a gifted statesman. He had comprehensive intellectual resources and constantly enriched them: he did not stick to schemes and soughts actual solutions, which were constantly evolving and adapting. As minister of various economic sectors, he introduced an optimal programming of the state budget and taxes, and the distribution of external loans. Burov paid particular attention to the state, which in the conditions of the time was a major creditor of economic renovation, and kept an eye open for the extent and way it participated and intervened in the economy management.
Atanas Burov was Foreign Minister in very difficult years. Bulgaria was defeated, the peace treaty imposed heavy duties and restrictions; it was surrounded by hostile neighbours; the Great Powers provided no support and the Communist Party was actually the fifth column of Soviet Russia. The only support lied in the League of Nations. This was a successful choice that allowed Burov to
Summary
raise the issue of protection of Bulgarian minorities and to enter into external borrowing, which stabilized the national economy and provided a decent life for 120,000 refugees from the Bulgarian lands that had remained under foreign rule. He also managed to reduce the heavy Reparations Debt to a bearable levy for the country.
After the coup of 19 May 1934 Burov was at the forefront of the struggle for restoration of the Tamovo Constitution and parliamentarism, for democracy and civil liberties. Journalism was the only means to defend his civil position. For nearly two years he authored the editorials of the Saturday issues of the officious Mir newspaper. The world heard his assessments of fascism, the threat of Nazism, and his calls for peace. The court and the ruling elite remained deaf to his alarming signals. Europe, however, heard them and recognised them. On 20 June 1939 the French government honoured him with the highest distinction of the French Republic, Commander of the Order of the Legion of Honour.
The Second World War found Burov in his 65 years of age. Bulgaria had joined the Hitler’s fascist block and Burov invested all his effort to at least reduce the damage from the shortsightedness of the court and the government that was appointed by the Tsar. He was one of the leaders of the bourgeois opposition. In the criticial and fateful moment for the Bulgarian people, Burov stood in support of a government which had to take Bulgaria out of the war and to prevent the entry of Soviet troops in the country - an effort equal to sacrifice. However, the fate of Bulgaria was agreed between Churchill and Stalin. The 10 years of the monarch’s authoritarian regime and the 45 years in the so-called Socialist block deleted all traces of the nationally responsible and democratic state system, to the introduction of which Burov had had a significant contribution that is still not yet understood and appreciated.
The last ten years of Burov’s life (1944 -1954) were his way to Golgotha. He heard the verdict of the People’s Court; he was pursued as a reactionary and enemy of the people, cursed in the press, abused and deported to a concentration camp in a small provincial town. For two years he was under investigation, and he was sentenced to 20 years in prison in his second trial.
Atanas Burov was then 77 years old. He served only two years of this ominous sentence. On 15 May 1954 he died in prison.
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Ideological beliefs and conviction could be defended in various ways and by different means. Parliamentary and legislative work, however, should stand above all, as a supreme expression of an ideological conviction which was striving to find its public expression.
Finally, Burov concluded that the capital and the bourgeoisie had not exhausted their capacities. Placed in a democratic environment, they would evolve and adapt in order to be most useful to the needs of society.
Burov returned to Bulgaria in 1900. He started working in his father-led family company. He controled bank lending for railway construction, industry, and modem agriculture. Experience showed that successful economic development required state organization - legislation, law and order, public discipline, civil liberties and personal responsibility. Bulgaria was in its infancy in statehood, straining all its forces to join the European civilization model. Burov, however, identified gaps in state legislation and practice. This determined his future destiny: to put his knowledge and perception of the European model in the service of his people and country.
From 1911 until 19 May 1934, when a military coup dissolved the National Assembly and opened the way for the authoritarian regime of the monarch, Ata-nas Burov was Member of Parliament, parliamentary tribune, ideologist and defender of state sovereignty, civil rights and freedoms. The advent of Burov on the public scene earned him the title of ‘most convincing ideologue of the bourgeoisie in our country.’
Burov was a gifted statesman. He had comprehensive intellectual resources and constantly enriched them: he did not stick to schemes and soughts actual solutions, which were constantly evolving and adapting. As minister of various economic sectors, he introduced an optimal programming of the state budget and taxes, and the distribution of external loans. Burov paid particular attention to the state, which in the conditions of the time was a major creditor of economic renovation, and kept an eye open for the extent and way it participated and intervened in the economy management.
Atanas Burov was Foreign Minister in very difficult years. Bulgaria was defeated, the peace treaty imposed heavy duties and restrictions; it was surrounded by hostile neighbours; the Great Powers provided no support and the Communist Party was actually the fifth column of Soviet Russia. The only support lied in the League of Nations. This was a successful choice that allowed Burov to
Summary
raise the issue of protection of Bulgarian minorities and to enter into external borrowing, which stabilized the national economy and provided a decent life for 120,000 refugees from the Bulgarian lands that had remained under foreign rule. He also managed to reduce the heavy Reparations Debt to a bearable levy for the country.
After the coup of 19 May 1934 Burov was at the forefront of the struggle for restoration of the Tamovo Constitution and parliamentarism, for democracy and civil liberties. Journalism was the only means to defend his civil position. For nearly two years he authored the editorials of the Saturday issues of the officious Mir newspaper. The world heard his assessments of fascism, the threat of Nazism, and his calls for peace. The court and the ruling elite remained deaf to his alarming signals. Europe, however, heard them and recognised them. On 20 June 1939 the French government honoured him with the highest distinction of the French Republic, Commander of the Order of the Legion of Honour.
The Second World War found Burov in his 65 years of age. Bulgaria had joined the Hitler’s fascist block and Burov invested all his effort to at least reduce the damage from the shortsightedness of the court and the government that was appointed by the Tsar. He was one of the leaders of the bourgeois opposition. In the criticial and fateful moment for the Bulgarian people, Burov stood in support of a government which had to take Bulgaria out of the war and to prevent the entry of Soviet troops in the country - an effort equal to sacrifice. However, the fate of Bulgaria was agreed between Churchill and Stalin. The 10 years of the monarch’s authoritarian regime and the 45 years in the so-called Socialist block deleted all traces of the nationally responsible and democratic state system, to the introduction of which Burov had had a significant contribution that is still not yet understood and appreciated.
The last ten years of Burov’s life (1944 -1954) were his way to Golgotha. He heard the verdict of the People’s Court; he was pursued as a reactionary and enemy of the people, cursed in the press, abused and deported to a concentration camp in a small provincial town. For two years he was under investigation, and he was sentenced to 20 years in prison in his second trial.
Atanas Burov was then 77 years old. He served only two years of this ominous sentence. On 15 May 1954 he died in prison.
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Atanas Burov. Life for Bulgaria (Summary).453
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| author | Cvetkov, Žoro 1935- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1075337135 |
| author_facet | Cvetkov, Žoro 1935- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cvetkov, Žoro 1935- |
| author_variant | ž c žc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043465063 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)958899814 (DE-599)BVBBV043465063 |
| edition | Četvărto izdanie |
| era | Geschichte 1911-1934 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1911-1934 |
| format | Book |
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| language | Bulgarian |
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| physical | 470 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts |
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| spelling | Cvetkov, Žoro 1935- Verfasser (DE-588)1075337135 aut Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija Žoro Cvetkov Četvărto izdanie Sofija Fondacija "Atanas Burov" 2016 470 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Text bulgarisch Kyrillische Schrift Burov, Atanas 1875-1954 (DE-588)119094738 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1911-1934 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1911-1934 z 1\p DE-604 Burov, Atanas 1875-1954 (DE-588)119094738 p 2\p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028882229&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028882229&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Cvetkov, Žoro 1935- Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija Burov, Atanas 1875-1954 (DE-588)119094738 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)119094738 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4008866-2 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija |
| title_auth | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija |
| title_exact_search | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija |
| title_full | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija Žoro Cvetkov |
| title_fullStr | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija Žoro Cvetkov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atanas Burov život za Bălgarija Žoro Cvetkov |
| title_short | Atanas Burov |
| title_sort | atanas burov zivot za balgarija |
| title_sub | život za Bălgarija |
| topic | Burov, Atanas 1875-1954 (DE-588)119094738 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Burov, Atanas 1875-1954 Politik Bulgarien Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028882229&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028882229&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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