Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, New Jersey
Wiley
2016
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | xxii, 592 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9781119078326 9781119078333 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xi
Foreword xvii
List of Symbols xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Thermodynamic Quantities and their Interrelationships, 5
1.1.1 General Thermodynamics, 5
1.1.2 Solution Thermodynamics, 15
Further Reading, 37
2 Roasting of Sulfide Minerals 39
2.1 Methods of Roasting, 40
2.2 Objectives, 41
2.3 Chemistry of Roasting, 42
2.4 Thermodynamics of Roasting, 43
2.5 Kinetics of Roasting, 47
2.6 Predominance Area Diagrams as a Useful Guide in Feed
Preparation, 51
2.7 Problems, 53
References, 68
3 Sulfide Smelting 71
3.1 Matte Smelting of Chalcopyrite, 72
3.1.1 Flash Smelting, 74
3.1.2 Submerged Tuyere Smelting, 76
vi
CONTENTS
3.1.3 Matte Converting, 7 6
3.1.4 Ausmelt/Isasmelt: Top Submerged Lancing (TSL) Technology, 80
3.2 Matte Smelting of Galena, 83
3.3 Matte Smelting of Nickel Sulfide, 85
3.3.1 Theory of Direct Conversion of Molten Nickel Sulfide
into Nickel, 87
3.4 Continuous Converting, 89
3.4.1 Noranda Continuous Converting Process, 90
3.4.2 Outokumpu Flash Converting Process, 90
3.4.3 Mitsubishi Continuous Converting Process, 91
3.5 Direct Metal Extraction from Concentrates, 92
3.5.1 Outokumpu Flash Smelting Process, 93
3.5.2 Mitsubishi Process, 94
3.6 Problems, 96
References, 100
4 Metallurgical Slag 103
4.1 Structure of Oxides, 103
4.1.1 Role of Ion Dimension, 104
4.1.2 Metal-Oxygen Bonds, 106
4.2 Structure of Slag, 108
4.3 Properties of Slag, 110
4.3.1 Basicity of Slag, 110
4.3.2 Oxidizing Power of Slag, 112
4.3.3 Sulfide Capacity of Slag, 112
4.3.4 Electrical and Thermal Conductivity, 113
4.3.5 Viscosity, 113
4.3.6 Surface Tension, 117
4.3.7 Diffusivity, 117
4.4 Constitution of Metallurgical Slag, 118
4.4.1 State of Oxidation of Slag, 120
4.5 Slag Theories, 125
4.5.1 Ionic Theories, 126
4.5.2 Molecular Theory, 130
4.6 Problems, 131
References, 143
5 Reduction of Oxides and Reduction Smelting 145
5.1 Reduction Methods, 146
5.2 Thermodynamics of Reduction of Oxides, 147
5.2.1 Métallothermie Reduction, 148
5.2.2 Thermal Decomposition, 154
CONTENTS
vii
5.2.3 Reduction with Carbon Monoxide, 155
5.2.4 Reduction with Hydrogen, 159
5.3 Kinetics of Reduction of Oxides, 161
5.3.1 Chemical Reaction with Porous and Nonporous Product Film, 162
5.4 Commercial Processes, 170
5.4.1 Production of Iron, 170
5.4.2 Production of Zinc, 174
5.4.3 Production of Tungsten and Molybdenum, 177
5.5 Problems, 179
References, 196
6 Interfacial Phenomena 199
6.1 Precipitation, 201
6.2 Nucléation of Gas Bubbles in a Liquid Metal, 205
6.2.1 Role of Interfaces in Slag-Metal Reactions, 208
6.3 Emulsion and Foam, 209
6.4 Froth Flotation, 211
6.5 Other Applications, 213
6.6 Problems, 214
References, 230
7 Steelmaking 233
7.1 Steelmaking Processes, 234
7.1.1 Bessemer Process, 234
7.1.2 Open Hearth Process, 235
7.1.3 Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Process, 236
7.1.4 Top-Blown Basic Oxygen Converter Process, 236
7.1.5 Rotating Oxygen-Blown Converter Process, 238
7.1.6 Bottom-Blown Oxygen Converter Process, 239
7.1.7 Hybrid/Bath Agitated/Combined-Blown Process, 240
7.2 Physicochemical Principles, 242
7.2.1 Sulfur Reactions, 242
7.2.2 Phosphorus Reactions, 246
7.2.3 Silicon Reactions, 250
7.2.4 Manganese Reactions, 251
7.2.5 Carbon Reactions, 253
7.2.6 Kinetics of Slag-Metal Reactions, 256
7.3 Pre-treatment of Hot Metal, 261
7.3.1 External Desiliconization, 262
7.3.2 External Desulfurization, 262
7.3.3 External Dephosphorization, 262
7.3.4 Simultaneous Removal of Sulfur and Phosphorus, 263
viii
CONTENTS
7.4 Chemistry of Refining, 264
7.4.1 Bessemer Process, 264
7.4.2 Open Hearth Process, 266
7.4.3 Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Process, 266
7.4.4 Top-Blown Basic Oxygen Converter Process, 267
7.4.5 Rotating Oxygen-Blown Converter Process, 272
7.4.6 Bottom-Blown Oxygen Converter Process, 274
7.4.7 Hybrid/Bath Agitated/Combined-BJown Process, 276
7.5 Problems, 279
References, 286
8 Secondary Steelmaking 289
8.1 Inert Gas Purging (IGP), 290
8.2 Ladle Furnace (LF), 291
8.3 Deoxidation, 291
8.3.1 Choice of Deoxidizers, 293
8.3.2 Complex Deoxidizers, 294
8.3.3 Vacuum Deoxidation, 299
8.3.4 Deoxidation Practice, 299
8.3.5 Removal of Deoxidation Products, 300
8.4 Stainless Steelmaking, 301
8.4.1 Physicochemical Principles, 302
8.4.2 Stainless Steelmaking Processes, 305
8.5 Injection Metallurgy (IM), 307
8.6 Refining with Synthetic Slag, 309
8.7 Vacuum Degassing, 311
8.7.1 Nitrogen in Iron and Steel, 312
8.7.2 Hydrogen in Iron and Steel, 315
8.7.3 Vacuum Treatment of Steel, 319
8.8 Problems, 325
References, 348
9 Role of Halides in Extraction of Metals 351
9.1 Preparation of Halides, 354
9.1.1 Complex Fluoride Processes, 354
9.1.2 Halogénation of Oxides, 355
9.1.3 Halogénation of Ferro-Alloys, 359
9.1.4 Crystallization from Aqueous Solution, 360
9.2 Purification of Chlorides, 362
9.2.1 Purification of Titanium Tetrachloride, 363
9.2.2 Purification of Columbium Pentachloride, 363
9.2.3 Purification of Vanadium Tetrachloride, 363
CONTENTS
9.3 Metal Production, 364
9.3.1 Métallothermie Reduction, 365
9.3.2 Fused Salt Electrolytic Process,
9.4 Purification, 369
9.4.1 Disproportionate Process, 369
9.4.2 Iodide Process, 370
9.5 Problems, 370
References, 380
10 Refining
10.1 Principle, 384
10.2 Methods of Refining, 384
10.2.1 Fire Refining, 385
10.2.2 Metal-Metal Refining, 391
10.2.3 Metal-Gas Refining, 394
10.2.4 Miscellaneous Group, 400
10.3 Ultra-purification, 400
10.3.1 Zone Refining, 400
10.3.2 Electro-transport, 403
10.3.3 Iodide Decomposition, 404
10.4 Refining along with Melting and Consolidation, 409
10.5 Problems, 410
References, 420
11 Hydrometallurgy
11.1 Leaching, 425
11.1.1 Leaching Methods, 427
11.2 Breakdown of Refractory Minerals, 431
11.2.1 Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Breakdown, 432
11.2.2 Concentrated Alkali Breakdown, 432
11.3 Physicochemical Aspects of Leaching, 433
11.3.1 Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions, 433
11.3.2 Stability Limit of Water, 435
11.3.3 Potential-pH Diagrams, 437
11.3.4 Electrochemical Phenomenon in Leaching, 444
11.3.5 Kinetics of Leaching, 448
11.4 Treatment of Leach Liquor, 465
11.4.1 Chemical Precipitation, 466
11.4.2 Fractional Crystallization, 467
11.4.3 Ion Exchange, 468
11.4.4 Solvent Extraction, 476
11.5 Recovery of Metals from Leach Liquor, 492
11.5.1 Precipitation of Metal Sulfides, 492
11.5.2 Cementation, 495
X
CONTENTS
11.5.3 Gaseous Reduction, 502
11.6 Problems, 507
References, 519
12 Electrometallurgy 523
12.1 Principle, 525
12.1.1 Cell Potential, 527
12.1.2 Discharge Potential, 530
12.1.3 Current and Energy Efficiency, 532
12.2 Applications, 534
12.2.1 Electrowinning, 534
12.2.2 Electrorefining, 545
12.3 Problems, 549
References, 556
Appendixes
Index
559
585
Physical Chemistry of
METALLURGICAL
PROCESSES
Based on four decades of teaching and research experience in metallurgical
thermodynamics and chemical-extractive metallurgy
Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes is a comprehensive presentation of the most
recent knowledge relating to the nature and role of the physical chemistry principles in
force during the extraction of various types of metals.. A rich variety of metallurgical topics
covered include the roasting of sulfide minerals, sulfide smelting, reduction of oxides and
reduction smelting, interfacial phenomena, steelmaking, secondary steelmaking, role of
halides in extraction of metals, refining, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. The book
also delves into the physical chemistry of slag and its critical role in the extraction of metals
from sulfide and oxide minerals. To guide readers through the text, the book features:
• Helpful illustrations and examples of technique applications related to the extraction
of selected common, reactive, rare, or refractory metals in every chapter
• Worked-out problems that illuminate the principle of each operation to help stimulate
critical thinking about the creative application of thermodynamic data
• End-of-text flow sheets demonstrating various steps in the extraction of copper, lead,
nickel, zinc, tungsten, and other metals from their respective ores
Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes is an essential resource for students,
metallurgical/chemical engineers and chemists alike, increasing understanding of our
present knowledge of metallurgical processes and the potential for future innovations to
pursue more efficient and effective extraction and processing methods.
M. Shamsuddin is the former Professor and Head of the Department of Metallurgical
Engineering at Banaras Hindu University (BHU), India. )r e has also taught a graduate
course on the Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. He retired from the faculty at BHU in June 2010.
www.wiley.com
Cover Image: Courtesy of the Author
Wiley
Also available
as an e-book
TIMS
|
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author | Shamsuddin, M. 1945- |
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discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik |
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spellingShingle | Shamsuddin, M. 1945- Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes Metallurgy Chemistry, Physical and theoretical Physikalische Chemie (DE-588)4045959-7 gnd Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4045959-7 (DE-588)4074756-6 |
title | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes |
title_auth | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes |
title_exact_search | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes |
title_full | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes M. Shamsuddin |
title_fullStr | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes M. Shamsuddin |
title_full_unstemmed | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes M. Shamsuddin |
title_short | Physical chemistry of metallurgical processes |
title_sort | physical chemistry of metallurgical processes |
topic | Metallurgy Chemistry, Physical and theoretical Physikalische Chemie (DE-588)4045959-7 gnd Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Metallurgy Chemistry, Physical and theoretical Physikalische Chemie Metallurgie |
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