Vojáci - psanci: Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Ministerstvo obrany České republiky - VHÚ Praha
2015
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. vydání |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9788072786718 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Vojáci - psanci |b Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |c Jiří Friedl |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| 250 | |a 1. vydání | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Praha |b Ministerstvo obrany České republiky - VHÚ Praha |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a 167 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch und Polnisch unter dem Titel: Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1945 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1812173440198639616 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Uvod
5
Rozbor pramenu a literatury . 9
Pochod na zapad . 15
Po valce . 45
Ve Vsekarech a okoli . 45
V Bernarticich a okoli . 64
A co ddl? . 83
Zaver . 89
Dokumenty . 93
Obrazova priloha . 113
Seznam citovanych pramenu a literatury . 145
Seznam zkratek . 151
Jmenny rejstrik . 153
Streszczenie . 157
Summary
161
Polská Svatokfízská brigáda Národních ozbrojenych sil na ceském území v roce 1945
Vzpomínky pamëtnikû ze Vsekar
Rozhovory s Václavem Smazalem (1932), Jaroslavem Smazalem (1926), Jirinou Fenclovou (1924),
Josefem Vdovcem (1934), Annou Hanzlíkovou (1933) uskutecnëné 17. ledna 2015. Audiozáznamy
v drzení autora.
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ce, Katolickâ lublinskâ univerzita 2014.
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II Rzeczpospolita wobec ruchu prometejskiego, Pawel Libera (Ed.), Warszawa 2013.
FRIEDL, Jin (Ed.): Brygada Swi$tokrzyska NSZ w Czechoslowacji. Meldunki czechostowackiego ofi-
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FRIEDL, Jiri (Ed.): Svatokrízská brigáda NSZ v Ceskoslovensku - hlásení ceskoslovenského stycného
düstojníka (cerven - cervenec 1945) Slovansky prehled 91, 2005, c. 2, s. 267-286.
JAXA-MADERSKI, Jerzy: Na dwafronty. Brygada Swigtokrzyska NSZ. Preciwko Niemcom,, Sowie-
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Korespondencja zjerzym Giedroyciem (1959-2000), Zbigniew S. Siemaszko (Ed.), Lublin 2008.
Narodowe Sify Zbrojne. Dokumentyy struktury, personalia, 3. sv., Leszek Zebrowski (Ed.),
Warszawa 1994 - 1996.
PICK, Milos: Nadéje se vzdát neumím, Brno 2010.
Rozkazy dzienne Brygady Swigtokrzyskiej Narodowych Sil Zbrojnych 1944-1945, Czeslaw Brzoza
(Ed.), Kraków 2003.
SMETANA, Vít (Ed.): Mise plukovníka Perkinse v kontextu britské politiky vuci Ceskoslovensku a po-
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SZACKI, Antoni: Bylem dowódcq Brygady Swi$tokrzyskiej, Warszawa - Kraków 2014.
VRBA, Jan: Chodsky büy tyden. Pamétní záznamy. Psáno v létech 1945-1946, Domazlice 2001.
Teczka specjalna Stalina. Raporty NKWD z Polski 1945-1946, Warszawa 1998.
Vysídlení Némcü a promény ceského pohranicí 1945-1951, II. 1, Adrian von Arburg - Tomás Sta-
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VOJÁCI - PSANCI
W marszu i boju. Z walk iprzezycpartyzanckich zolnierzy Brygady $wi$tokrzyskiej, [Warszawa] 2013.
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Tisk
Ceske slovo 1945
Hlas 1945
Närodni osvobozeni 1945
Novy den 1945
Pravda 1945
Pravo lidu 1945
Svobodne slovo 1945
Polská Svatokrízská brigada Národních ozbrojenych sil na území v roce 1945
M
Adam, Alfons *41,148
Anders, Wladyslaw® 30-32,40-41,49-51,
73-74, 83, 85, 87,109-110,143
Arburg, Adrian von n40,147
Arciszewski, Tomasz® 30
Ausky, Stanislav A. m 27,148
Badziewski, Jözef® 96
Baginski, Stanislaw (Zuraw) ® 110
Bajcer, Franciszek (Sanowski) • 107
B^kiewicz, Wincenty® 83
Balcar, Bohuslav« 11-12,148
Baran, Adam F® 5,149
Bartosek, Karel m 11,148
Benda, Jifi® 106
Benes, Edvard m 24,45,47,71,81
Bilek,//null, 77,148
Bilkovä, Jitka * 6
Blaszczak, Seweryn « 78
Blaz, Franciszek (Mröz)® 28,29,107,136
Böbr-Tylingo, Stanislaw »13
Borowiecki, Zygmunt *31,133
Brzoza, Czeslaw m6, 10,17-22,24,28,30,32,
36, 49-51,74, 83-84,147-148
Celichowski, Stefan (Andrzej Skaiski) « 29,37
Cmolik, Milos ® 35,59,134
övancara, Jaroslav ■6-7,12-13,22-23,26,
93-95
Deszczynski, Marek Piotrm6
Devine, John® 74,140
Dobiasova-Placha, Milena m 36,150
Dobrzanski, /an Jerzy a 85
Dobrzanski, Jerzy « 20,49-50
Dodge, plukovnik americke armddy ® 74
Dovara, V*7em * 78
Dubowski, Mieczyslaw (Ryczek) ■ 53
Dukalski, Mieczyslaw (Mieczyslaw
Pomorski)® 102
Dzielski, Jan (Warecki) * 30
Edl, Jan ■ 7
Eisenhower, Dwight * 74
Enc, Petr®7,13,95
Fenclová, Jifina * 36-37,147
Fierlinger, Zdenek * 62
Figuro-Podhorski, Henryk (Step)® 102,136
FiSer, Jan * 11,39,41,42,148
Fiser, Josef® 63
i
V závorce jsou uvedena krycí jména.
VOJÂCI - PSANCI
Friedl, Jifim 12, 51,63,115,129,137-139,141,
147-148
Friszke, Andrzej * 17,148
Fuchs, Paul M 20, 32,34
Gajdzik, Mieczyslawm 102
Gano, Stanislaw s 49
Gay, Hobart R.« 84
Gebel, Rudolf* 96
Gehlen, Reinhardm 20
Godinger Hoffman, Regina -41,42,145
Gontarczyk, Piotr* 20,148
Guderian, Heinz® 28
Hamperl, starosta obce Dehetne * 69,107
Hanzlik, Frantisek ■ 79
Hanzlikova, Anna a 64,147
Harmon, Ernest * 72-73, 80-81
Hatas, obyvatel Stare Boleslavi % 95
Hatasova, Anna *7,13, 95,146
Hildebrandt, Bogdan * 10,148
Holub, Otam 11, 85,148
Huebner, Clarence m R. 54
Huragan, desatnik Svatokrizske brigadym 61
Cherezihska, Elzbieta ill
Chmurowicz, Roman (Wolf Roman
l Corvin)® 31-32
Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan » 10-12,17,20,24,
30-31, 74, 76-77,148
Itfakowicz, /erzy Olgierd (Jerzy Zawisza,
Michal Zawisza) m 48, 50,106
Jancik, Josef m 27,116,148
Jawor, Zbigniew (Jerzy Jerzy Wojski)® 102
Jaxa-Maderski, Jerzy m 9,11,19,21-22, 29-31,
33, 35-37,41-42, 46, 53, 79, 96,102,107,110,
147
Jirâsek, Zdenëkm 63,148
Jura, Hubert (Tom) ■ 20,102
Kaczorowski, Aleksanderm 66
Kacer, Vladimir mil, 149
Kalla, Josefm 62
Kaminski, Marek Kazimierzm 63,149
Kaniecki, Mieczyslaw®33
Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Michal 16,
Karolewicz, K. « 20-21
Kaszczak, kapitân Svatokrizské brigâdy m 29
Keiner, svobodnik Svatokrizské brigâdy m 61
Kempa, Boleslaw (Ksiqze)m 10-11,21-23,
27-28,34-36, 38,47, 52,54-55, 57-59, 64-66,
68, 74, 79
Kiczka, Wladyslaw (Rys) m 53
Kinkorovâ, Radka m 7
Klis, /dze/ü 36-37
Kocur, /oze/it 58
Kokoska, Stanislav® 6,13,48,108,110,146
Komorowski, Bronislaw* 167
Komorowski, Krzysztof® 11,25, 73,149
Komorowski, Tadeusz (Bôr)m 31,48, 59, 73
Koucky, predseda Okresni sprâvni komise
v Tachovèm72,105,107
Kozlowski, Ste/an Wladyslaw (Aleksander) m 28
Krâkora, Ladislav « 59
Kuncewicz, Tadeusz (Podkowa)®76-79,141,
147
Layock, kapitän americke armädy 47
Libera, Pawel m 6, 52,147
Lichtenau, Gerhard • 42
Litauer, Stefan (Lityhski)® 5, 60, 75-76, 79, 83,
91,149
Loyda, Vladimir m 26,147
Lobkowicz, Max * 62
Maczek, Stanislaw ® 93,109
Majewski, Piotr Maciej m 6,15,149
Malina, Vlastimih 76, 78-79,141
Polská Svatokfízská brigáda Národních ozbrojenych sil na ceském území v roce 1945
Marcinkowski, Wladyslaw (Jaxa)% 18,25,50,
105
Maschke, Margit® 77-78
Materski, Wojciech 176,149
Mazancovä, Marketa* 100
Mazanek-Wilczyriska, Monika® 11,84,148,
150
Mazurkiewicz, Alojzy m 50, 54,133
Mikolajczyk, Cecyliam28,124
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaws 28,30, 65-66,124
Milczarek, Walerian (Stanislaw Wolyniak)®96
Minafik, Pavel s 7
Moravec, Frantisekm 104,149
Morgan, Davidm6,10,13,20, 34,47,55,68,
70,73,75, 80,85,146,149
Morgan, Toddm 10,20, 34,47, 68, 73, 75,80,
85,149
Motyka, Grzegorz® 17-18, 24,27,29,30,85,
149
Muszynski, Wojciech *147
Nakaszydze, Jerzy m 52,149
Nakoniecznikoff-Klukowski, Stanislaw
(Kmicic) 117
Nemecek, /an ^13,48
Noväk, velitel Revolucni gardy
v Hradisfanech m 97
Novotny, Frantisek * 35
Novotny, porucik«107
Nowak, Szymonm 10-11,149
Nurek, Mieczyslaw® 83,149
Ohman, Vaclav « 78
Okulicki, Leopold * 59,
Pale^ek, Karel® 107
Patton, George * 50, 72-74, 83-84,109
Paulová, Marie ® 98
Pecka, Jindfich *11,47,149
Perkins, Harold Benjamin * 46,54,73, 79,
147
Petak, Alois * 7,13, 35-36,47, 55, 59, 60-72,
74-75,80-81,90,93,96- 97,100-103,
105-109,111,134,139,140
Pick, Milos m 40,147
Piechocki, Telesfor (Gustaw) m 96
Pichlik, Karel *11,14 8
Pilsudski, Jozefm 16,67,
Piskor, Lucyna * 67
Piskor, Tadeusz®67
Poraj-Marcinkowa, Halina 140
Poraj-Wybranowska, Hanna (Hajduczek) m 136
Poraj-Wybranowska, Maria (Fala)m 46,52,64
Proks, Petrm 47,149
Raczkiewicz, Wladyslaw * 15
Reicin, Bedfich * 85, 86
Rena, svobodník Svatokrízské brigády®61
Robertson, Walter M.%37
Rudnicki, Klemens® 109
Rydel, Janusz® 109,149
Sachs, poddüstojnik Wehrmachtu m 22
Satzová, Markéta « 99
Schmidt, /. 1107
Siemaszko, Zbigniew S. » 9-12,17-19,21-22,
24,28, 34,42,51,67,74, 76-77,147,149
Sienkiewicz, Henryk* 26
Sierchula, Rafah 10,16,149-150
Sikorski, Wladyslaw®23, 30, 74
Siwy, /flttusz (Malee) * 29, 32
Skubisz, Pawel® 11, 84,148,150
Smal-Stocki, Roman » 52,149
Smazal, Jaroslav * 34,147
Smazal, Václav m 54, 64,147
Smazalovà, /irma * 7, 36,63,146,150
Smetana, V * 46,54,73,147
Smolorz, Roman ® 23,28,149
Sopocko, Stefan (Sçp)m 110,135
Stalin, Josif Vissarionovich 15,23-24, 30,65,
71,79,147
Stanëk, Tomás ^40,78-79,147,149
Steinbach, Jan m 98-99
VOJÁCI - PSANCI
Steiner, Arnostm 34, 67,69-70,72,74,
St^pniak, Paweh7Sy 147
Stojcevska, Jarmila a 7,26,147
Stryjek, Tomaszm 85,149
Svoboda, LudvikmM, 48, 62, 75
Szacki, Antoni (Bohuny Dqbrowski)® 9,11,13,
16-19,21-24, 28, 30-32, 35,37-38,40-43,
47-58,61, 64, 66-67,70-71,73-76, 79-80,
83-86,89-91, 93,102,105,107, 111, 128,
133-134,140,143,147
Szewczyk, Stanislaw (Cebula) ® 58
Szymanski, Antoni m 49
Szymanski, Henryk ® 50,52,
Sindelár, Josef® 11-12,76-79, 91,141
Sole, Jin rn 104,107,149
Spacková, Marie® 36,152
Sperl, Václavm72
Sturz,/. *11,150
V
Vaculik, Jaroslav m 47,150
Vales, Jan® 11,41,150
Vdovec, Josefm 64,147
Vlasov, Andrej Andrejevic m 20,27, 39-40,148
Vrba, Jattü42,147
Walczak, Henryk 11,84,148,150
Waïçsa, Lech m 66, 76,149
Waller, /ose/» 101
Walter, Julian m 51, 59
Warner, Christopher m 62-63
Wçgrzyn,Dariuszmill, 29-30,150
Wiktorin, kapitán Svatokrízské brigády « 102
Wladyka, Sfó/fl« (Lech) a 10-11, 22,24-29,
33-34,36,38, 40,46-47, 51, 53-54, 57, 64-66,
74, 80-81, 91,135
Wnuk, Rafal m 6,12,77-78,85,168
Wódz, Celina® 120
Smigly-Rydz, Edward » 15-16
Tadek, voják Svatokrízské brigády m 64
Tichy, Oldfich® 72,104
Trnka, c/en skupiny Svazu ceské mládeze * 40
Trnka, /ose/® 35,47,57
Urbánková, Katerina m 6
Zapora, kapitán Svatokrízské brigády n7 5
Zub-Zdanowicz, Leonard (Zqb)m 10,18,40,
51-52,64, 74, 76,136
Zukal, Alois® 27,150
Zaryn, Jan ® 10-11,18-20, 22,25, 85, 90,150
Zebrowski, Leszekm 10,14,17,147,150
Zochowski, Stanislaw m 74, 83
Zytowiecki, kapitán Svatokrízské brigády a 69,
109,111
Polska Svatokrizska brigada Narodnich ozbrojenych sil na ceskem uzemi v roce 1945
Soldier-Outlaws: The Polish Holy Cross
Mountains Brigade of the National Armed
Forces on Czech Territory in 1945
The Holy Cross Mountains Brigade was the most important tactical unit of the National Armed
Forces (Narodowe Sily Zbrojne - NSZ), nationalist factions that formed part of the domestic Polish
resistance movement during the Second World War. Its establishment in August 1944 (when Co-
lonel Antoni Szacki was appointed as its commander) was actually one of the NSZs consummate
achievements, but one which at the same time underscored the persistent divisions within the Polish
domestic resistance movement. When the Red Army launched its offensive in January 1945, the
NSZs leadership realized that it was necessary to safeguard the Holy Cross Mountains Brigade from
destruction. The prevailing conviction within the resistance movement was that after the definitive
defeat of the Germans a conflict would soon break out between the Western Allies and the Soviet
Union in which the strength of the Holy Cross Mountains Brigade could be used to help liberate Po-
land from Soviet occupation. The only solution, therefore, was to withdraw the brigade to territories
behind the German lines in the west, marching toward the British and American forces. The whole
story of the brigades dealings with the Germans (in which it is known that they even made use of
their former contacts with the Gestapo in Radom) still has not been satisfactorily reconstructed and
explained to this day. The truth remains that the brigade did manage to withdraw behind German
lines, which cost them certain compromises, particularly in the form of air landings within Poland.
The Germans, however, were unable to supervise their activities, so the members of these groups
were able to apply themselves to fulfilling the tasks that Colonel Szacki set for them. Namely, they
were to establish connections with the remnants of NSZ structures that carried on with the resis-
tance against the communist regime that had been in power in Poland (unlike in Czechoslovakia)
since the summer of 1944.
The Germans probably intended to utilize the Holy Cross Mountains Brigade for their own
propaganda purposes, and it is also possible that in the face of their increasingly imminent defeat
they wanted to create more advantageous conditions for negotiating with the Allies, or else take
VOJACI - PSANCI
advantage of it as an intermediary with the Poles in London. (They may have been considering
a defense along these lines: “We could have destroyed this Polish unit, but refrained from doing so.
And look - we even transferred some of our concentration camp prisoners to them,” which would
be another attempt to drive a wedge between the Soviets and the West.) The wars swift end, the
weakening of the Germans’ might and therefore also their supervision of the brigades activities thus
gave rise to a situation in which the Holy Cross Mountains Brigade was able to successfully join up
with the American army in Western Bohemia.
The same questions as the ones being posed by researchers today were also asked by Czechs who
came into contact with members of the brigade during its westward march in 1945. Most frequently
such encounters would have happened during the stops in towns where the Poles spent a night -
or sometimes a longer spell - in Czech households. Polish sources prove that the Czechs did not
grasp how the brigade was able to move around more or less at will on German territory and bear
weapons - but at the same time claim that they were not collaborating with the Germans and were
actually working against them. Explaining all of this must have been quite difficult and certainly
some attempts at its elucidation did not necessarily meet - from the perspective of the Poles - with
the hoped-for result. This is because no one among the residents of Bohemia and Moravia could
have had much idea about what was going on in Poland, or about the structure and internal conflicts
within the Polish resistance movement.
A full account of the contacts that are known to have been established between the brigade and
the Czech resistance movement would comprise a chapter unto itself. According to Polish sources,
the Poles were in contact with their Czech counterparts practically from the moment they entered
the territory of the protectorate, but Czech sources that would confirm this are entirely lacking. Only
in the report by Alois Petak is there an indication of when the contact happened. He wrote that the
Pilsen resistance fighters learned about the brigade only when it was already entering the vicinity of
Pilsen at the end of April 1945. Therefore, this account is at variance with what is claimed by Polish
sources, according to which the brigades march toward Pilsen had been agreed upon with the Czech
resistance. And if that were the case, the Pilsen resistance fighters had to have been informed about
the brigades imminent arrival. Petak also - by contrast with the Polish sources - does not mention
plans to join forces with the Poles in an insurgency against the occupiers. We can only learn about
contacts with the Czech resistance in the recollections of some of the Poles (including Colonel Szac-
ki). Thus, our present account cannot preclude their possible efforts to doctor up the brigades image
with references to contacts with the Czech resistance which, although they wouldn’t have had to be
entirely untrue, could well have been exaggerated or distorted. It is therefore necessary to approach
these sources circumspectly. One can additionally harbor doubts that the domestic Czech resistance
was interested in including the Poles in their plans for an uprising or in cooperating closely in any
other way with the brigade. The differences in the two sides’ political opinions were diametrical.
Moreover, as demonstrated by, for example, passages from chronicles, the Czechs usually perceived
the brigade as a unit that collaborated with the Germans, which is to say that they didn’t trust it. Of
course, it is still possible that further research will yield more findings that can help us construct
a more exact picture.
Another great obstacle in understanding between the Czechs and members of the Holy Cross
Mountains Brigade was their differing relationships with the Soviet Union. Whereas the Czechs -
practically without any exceptions - looked up to the USSR and admired the accomplishments of
the Red Army, the Poles regarded it as their worst enemy. The reason for these opposite positions
Polská Svatokrízská brigáda Národních ozbrojenych sil na ceském území v roce 1945
inhered in their disparate historical experiences; or, to put a finer point on it, the absence of any
first-hand experiences by the overwhelming majority of Czechs with the Soviet regime. The larger
problem, however, consisted in the Czechs and Poles not knowing about their disparate experiences
because they hardly knew one another at all. Whereas the Czechs didn’t know anything (or very
little) about the Polish resistance and the way the German occupation in Poland had proceeded,
the Poles had no notion about the conditions under the protectorate. They evaluated everything
from the standpoint of their experiences in Poland, not taking into account the specifics of the
occupation in the Czech lands and the problems the Czech resistance had been reckoning with. For
several years, members of the brigade had known no other life than the partisan one. On the one
hand, thanks to this they had become experienced warriors, but on the other the long years spent
under such conditions had to have left their mark on the mens conduct: to civilians they must have
seemed arrogant, overbearing, and lacking in empathy. It can be said that the nationalist ideology
they professed - which was in and of itself not very obliging to other ethnic groups - was also
reflected to a certain extent. It is also necessary to remark that just like every military unit, the bri-
gade was also composed of people with various dispositions: some of them were good soldiers who
behaved decently, but there were also some individuals who lacked such sterling morals. Farmers in
towns where the Holy Cross Mountains Brigade settled in during the war or just after it ended were
accustomed to a quiet, sedentary way of life, which had perhaps last been disrupted by the Napoleo-
nic Wars. They were unable to accept the attitude of the Poles, who, on the contrary, were longing to
wage another war, which they saw as their only hope for liberating Poland from communism. All of
these factors are necessary to keep in mind when we encounter somewhat contemptuous remarks
addressed toward the Czechs in Polish documents
At the same time, it is also clear enough that the Poles were aware of the inappropriateness of
their behavior towards the Czechs. Even though Colonel Szacki repeatedly apprised his soldiers of
the necessity of courteous and respectful behavior toward the local civilian population, he could not
provide an absolute guarantee that all the members of the brigade would obey his orders. Some of
the brigades offenders were disciplined by the brigades own field court, but in other cases the muni-
cipal councils in Vsekary, Kvícovice, Néumér and Stichov required the Poles to financially reimburse
them for damages incurred. Nevertheless, the mutual antipathy between members of both nations
continued to grow. Czech Russo/Sovietophilia irritated the Poles, while the Czechs were put off by
the Polish repugnance towards the Soviet Union and Russians, which may have additionally aroused
strong suspicions among some Czechs that the Poles were collaborators fleeing before justice for
their crimes. The Czechs rancor was exacerbated by the supercilious conduct of the Poles, and their
commanders further irritated them with arbitrary requisitions and purchases of provisions (some
of which were doubtlessly imposed from above) in the Sudeten region and by allowing them to eat
cupboards bare in villages in their vicinity. It is understandable that the brigade wanted to cope with
the food shortages in this manner, but it is also necessary to have sympathy for the outrage of the
Czechoslovak authorities, because the Poles’ actions disrupted the system of compulsory distributi-
ons and, as a result of this, the general food supply situation in the region deteriorated.
The Holy Cross Mountains Brigade sojourned on Czechoslovak territory during a period when
full-fledged territorial conflicts broke out between Poland and Czechoslovakia; namely, the struggle
for Cieszyn Silesia. The pages of the daily newspapers were filled with reports of the fraught rela-
tions between Czechs and Poles in Cieszyn Silesia and about incidents on the borders. The Polish
government refused the Czechoslovak demands for the Kfodzko, Giubczyce and Raciborz regions,
VOJACI - PSANCI
which are located in the territory that was temporarily under their administration. Those in power
in Prague had had information since May about the problems with the Holy Cross Mountains Bri-
gade, but probably in the attempt to prevent further aggravation of the Czech-Polish relations that
were already so tense (precisely because of the conflict over Cieszyn Silesia) and the pains they took
to avoid strengthening anti-Polish sentiments, they did not share this information with the press.
Newspaper editors only grasped hold of the sensational subject of the Holy Cross Mountains Briga-
de after the publication of reportage by the pro-Soviet correspondent Stefan Litauer. And even the
interventions of the Brits in June 1945 whilst withdrawing the brigade from Czechoslovak territory
were managed discreetly. It can only be imagined with difficulty that a Czech journalist would have
managed to infiltrate the brigade and gain detailed information about it. The lack of credible reports
led to the creation of fantastical confabulations, such as the connection of the brigade with the death
of Lieutenant Josef Sindelar at Sluknov or with the activities of the Wehrwolf.
American military leaders in Western Bohemia were getting to their wits' end with the Holy
Cross Mountains Brigade by this time. Besides the above named factors we can also to a certain
extent attribute this weariness to their unfamiliarity with (from their point of view, the “differences”
bordering on exoticness) of the relations within Central Europe. Thus, even they were not con-
fident at the outset about whether or not they could count the brigade as an allied unit. The high
command was evidently impressed by the Poles anticommunism and military bearing; however,
due to the growing number of complaints about the Poles behavior toward the civilian population it
was starting to become a liability for them. They found a solution to this in transferring the brigade
to Bavaria and transforming it into guard divisions.
The story of the Holy Cross Mountains Brigades sojourn on Czech territory certainly cannot
be painted only in tones of black and white. Even when we take into account all the negative cir-
cumstances associated with its activities on Czech soil and some of the unelucidated questions (for
example, about their contacts with Germans or with the Czech resistance), it is not possible to
describe this unit in such oversimplified terms as “fascist desperados” as the period Czech press
portrayed them. The complicated history of Poland and its inhabitants during the Second World
War is reflected in the history of the brigade.
Translated by Melinda Reidinger |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Friedl, Jiří 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1032893613 |
| author_facet | Friedl, Jiří 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Friedl, Jiří 1976- |
| author_variant | j f jf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043457406 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)956312266 (DE-599)BVBBV043457406 |
| edition | 1. vydání |
| era | Geschichte 1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Böhmische Länder Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV043457406 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-06T14:01:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788072786718 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028874704 |
| oclc_num | 956312266 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Ministerstvo obrany České republiky - VHÚ Praha |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Friedl, Jiří 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1032893613 aut Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Jiří Friedl Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 1. vydání Praha Ministerstvo obrany České republiky - VHÚ Praha 2015 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch und Polnisch unter dem Titel: Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Brygada Świȩtokrzyska (DE-588)7578934-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1945 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Widerstand (DE-588)4079262-6 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Widerstand (DE-588)4079262-6 s Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Brygada Świȩtokrzyska (DE-588)7578934-6 b Geschichte 1945 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Friedl, Jiří 1976- Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Brygada Świȩtokrzyska (DE-588)7578934-6 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Widerstand (DE-588)4079262-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7578934-6 (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4079262-6 (DE-588)4069573-6 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| title_alt | Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| title_auth | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| title_exact_search | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| title_full | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Jiří Friedl |
| title_fullStr | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Jiří Friedl |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vojáci - psanci Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 Jiří Friedl |
| title_short | Vojáci - psanci |
| title_sort | vojaci psanci polska svatokrizska brigada narodnich ozbrojenych sil na ceskem uzemi v roce 1945 soldiers outlaws the polish holy cross mountains brigade of the national armed forces on czech territory in 1945 |
| title_sub | Polská Svatokřížská brigáda Národních ozbrojených sil na českém území v roce 1945 = Soldiers-outlaws: the Polish Holy Cross Mountains Brigade of the National Armed Forces on Czech territory in 1945 |
| topic | Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Brygada Świȩtokrzyska (DE-588)7578934-6 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Widerstand (DE-588)4079262-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Narodowe Siły Zbrojne Brygada Świȩtokrzyska Militär Widerstand Böhmische Länder Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028874704&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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