How to write and illustrate a scientific paper:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press
2017
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| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 225 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107154056 9781316607916 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Gustavii, Björn |d 1932- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)135781361 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a How to write and illustrate a scientific paper |c Björn Gustavii, Lund University Hospital, Sweden |
| 250 | |a Third edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge, United Kingdom |b Cambridge University Press |c 2017 | |
| 300 | |a xiii, 225 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface to the third edition xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Basic rules of writing 1
Brevity 1
Logic and clarity 2
Physically attractive 2
2 Comments on scientific language 3
English as a foreign language 3
Follow the “leitmotif’ 5
Verbosity 5
He/she 6
Active or passive voice 7
Tense 9
Noun clusters and modifiers 9
Prevalence and incidence 10
Avoid the use of “respectively” 11
The “and/or” construction 11
Unnecessary hedging 12
How old is young? 12
Avoid synonyms to achieve elegant variation 14
The remote verb 14
3 Drafting the manuscript 15
Write down your thoughts as they arise 15
Where and when to write? 16
How it can work in practice 16
The other way around 17
Contents
V
4 Choosing a journal 18
Impact factor 18
Faculty of 1000 19
Open access 19
5 How to begin 22
Begin with the graphs 22
Using a graph 22
Computer graphic programs 23
Programs used 23
Graphs in this book 23
Illustrators 24
6 Figure captions (legends) 25
Two items in the caption 25
Main message 26
Abbreviations 26
Typeface 26
7 Preparing a graph 28
The line graph 28
Curves and gridlines 28
Ratio 1:1 29
Text too small to read 30
Labeling 30
What the graph is meant to say 31
The bar chart 45
The area graph 58
Band graph 59
Grouped area graph 60
The pie chart 61
The box plot 66
The three-dimensional graph 70
False 3-D graphs 70
True 3-D graphs 74
Individual instead of summary data 79
8 Graph combination 84
Bar chart and line graph combined 84
The graph combined with a table 90
9 Drawings 94
10 How to design tables 96
The descriptive title 96
The declarative title 97
Rounding off 97
VI
Contents
Table or graph? 98
Typing the table 101
11 Title 102
Whenever possible, use a declarative rather than a neutral title 102
Titles ending with a question mark 103
Begin with the keywords 104
Use verbs instead of abstract nouns 104
Avoid abbreviations in the title 105
A title for your thesis 105
Running title 106
12 Authors 107
Guidelines on authorship 107
The contributors list 108
A question from a student about coauthorship 109
Deceased author 110
13 Abstract 111
The conventional abstract 111
The structured abstract 112
14 Introduction 114
15 Methods 116
The subjects 117
Informed consent 117
Omissions in reporting of randomized controlled trials 118
Randomization 118
Blinding 119
Number of subjects 120
Guidelines and checklists 120
16 Results 122
Participant flow and follow-up 122
Dropouts 123
Loss of participants to follow-up 124
Details of randomized participants 124
Study outcome 126
17 Discussion 128
A structure for the discussion 128
Evaluate the results — not the authors 130
Avoid claiming priority 131
The reference-13 trick 132
Contents
VII
18 Acknowledgments 133
Thank people who have helped you 133
Always give credit for financial support 134
19 References 135
Vancouver versus Harvard style 135
Accuracy of references and quotations 139
Your own author name 140
Chinese names 140
Anonymous 141
Record titles in the language of publication 143
Citing electronic material 144
20 Ph.D. and other doctoral theses 145
Compilations: the theses of the future 145
Contributors 146
Thesis at a glance 148
General introduction 148
Aims 149
Methods and results 149
General discussion 150
Acknowledgments 151
Cover illustration 152
A closer look 153
The structure of the thesis overview 153
21 Letters and case reports 155
The thalidomide letter 155
Format and size of a letter 156
Transforming a paper into a letter 156
Case reports 157
Format and size of case reports 157
22 Numbers 159
Numbers below 10 159
Two numbers side by side 160
Decimal point 160
Thousands 161
Numbers with several zeros 161
Quotients of units 162
Percentages 162
Rounding to two significant digits 163
Enumeration 163
What do we mean by “often”? 164
vm
Contents
23 Abbreviations 165
Units of measure 166
General principles 167
24 How to present statistical results 168
Using mean when median is meant 168
Using standard error instead of standard deviation 169
Failure to distinguish between statistical significance and biological
importance 169
Selected presentation of multiple statistical testing 170
Överinterpretation of subgroup effects 171
Using relative instead of absolute figures 171
Some further comments 172
25 Typing 174
A model for typing the manuscript 174
“Twain spacing” 182
12-point Times 182
Avoid using block capitals 183
Up-and-down-style versus down style 183
The length of the manuscript 184
The importance of punctuation 184
26 Dealing with editors and referees 186
Deal respectfully with referees’ comments 186
Do referees delay? 187
Unpublished work 187
Shortening the manuscript 188
Accepted or rejected 189
27 Correcting proofs 191
What to correct 191
Making corrections 192
28 Authors’ responsibilities 195
Subjects’ right to privacy 195
Duplicate submission 196
Borrowing published material 196
Saving your original data 199
Literature needed on your desk 201
On phraseology 201
On synonyms 201
On manuscript preparation 201
On how to abbreviate a journal’s title 202
Contents
IX
Further reading 203
Guides to writing 203
Punctuation 204
The English language 205
Style manuals 205
Illustrations 205
Statistics 206
Literature cited 207
Index 221
x
Contents
This compact and easy-to-read book contains essential advice on how to take
a manuscript from planning, right through to publication. It will help both
first-time writers and more experienced authors to present their results more
effectively. While retaining the easy-to-read and well-structured approach
of previous editions, this essential guide has been expanded to include
comprehensive advice on drawing graphs and information about Open Access
publishing. Illustrations are discussed in detail, with poor examples taken
from real papers from top-ranked journals redrawn for comparison. Such
before-and-after examples are also provided to demonstrate good and bad
writing styles. The reader is offered practical advice - from how to present a
paper, where to submit the manuscript, through to responding to reviewers’
comments and correcting the proofs ֊ all developed through the author’s
extensive teaching experience and his many years spent working as a journal
editor.
|
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| spelling | Gustavii, Björn 1932- Verfasser (DE-588)135781361 aut How to write and illustrate a scientific paper Björn Gustavii, Lund University Hospital, Sweden Third edition Cambridge, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press 2017 xiii, 225 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4048476-2 Ratgeber gnd-content Wissenschaftliches Manuskript (DE-588)4066596-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028784632&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028784632&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
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