Leaf defence:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2016
|
| Ausgabe: | First published in paperback |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 187-204 |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 216 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780198777830 9780199671441 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175917058097152 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
F)
1. Introduction: the leaf and the pressures it faces 1
Herbivory and the terrestrial carbon cycle 2
The range of leaf-eating organisms to be considered 4
Herbivores outnumber plants 5
Vertebrate folivores 11
The nature of the leaf 17
Summary 26
2. Leaf colour patterning and leaf form 29
The palette of colour available to leaves 29
Folivore exposure colouration 31
Non-deceptive colouration: warning 33
Deceptive colouration: colonization and damage mimicry 37
Dissimulation and crypsis 40
Crypsis through movement 44
3. Structural defences and specialized defence cells 47
Leaf surface defence cells and leaf surface habitats 47
Stings 52
Glochids, hairs, prickles, and thorns 55
Silica: targeting teeth and mandibles 62
Crystalline defences 65
Fibre cells and sclereids 68
Defence cells: idioblasts 70
Exudates 70
Summary 73
4. Chemical defences 75
Selection for novel defence chemistries 75
Alkaloids 86
Phenolics 92
Detoxification: the important tail end of the defence process 100
Terpenes 104
5. Inducible defences and the jasmonate pathway 115
Inducible proteins that deplete energy and essential nutrients 115
The moving defence horizon 119
Activating inducible defence: the importance of having good teeth 120
The jasmonate pathway 122
lasmonate and growth 132
viii Contents
The evolution of jasmonic acid-based signalling 135
The suppression of jasmonate signalling by herbivores 138
6. Top-down pressures and indirect defences 141
Plant population remodelling after carnivore removal 141
Ant-plant interactions; extrafloral nectaries, and food bodies 143
Mite domatia 147
Predator and parasitoid attraction by plant volatiles 150
Kudus and acacias: a cautionary tale 154
7. Release and escape from herbivory 155
Release from herbivory: anachronistic defences 155
Escape from vertebrate folivores 161
8. Escape in space: the cliff trees of Socotra 165
Socotra 165
Candidate invertebrate herbivores on Socotra 172
Candidate vertebrate herbivores on Socotra 172
Synthesis 177
Wealth and social context 177
Tolerance and escape 177
Defence expenditure is proportional to attack pressure 178
The time factor in defence 178
Energetics: leaves and digestive tracts have co-evolved 178
Defence inducibility and the jasmonate pathway 179
There is no single best defence strategy 179
Leaves co-operate with the enemies of their enemies 180
Relevance of plant defences in agriculture and industry 180
Glossary 183
References 187
Index 205
Leaves are among the most abundant organs on earth and are a defining feature of
most terrestrial ecosystems. However, a leaf is also a potential meal for a hungry animal
and the question therefore arises, why does so much foliage survive in nature? What
mechanisms protect leaves so that, on a global scale, only a relatively small proportion
of living leaf material is consumed? Leaf survival is in large part due to two processes:
firstly, leaf-eating organisms fall prey to predators (top-down pressure on the herbivore);
secondly, leaves defend themselves (bottom-up pressure on the herbivore). Remarkably,
these two types of event are often linked; they are controlled and coordinated by plants
and the molecular mechanisms that underlie this are now beginning to emerge.
This novel text focuses exclusively on the leaf, on the herbivorous organisms that attack
leaves, and the mechanisms that plants use to defend these vital organs. It begins with an
assessment of the scale of herbivory, before examining direct physical and chemical defences
on leaf surfaces and within the leaf itself. Although some leaf defences are easily seen, most
operate at the molecular level and are therefore invisible to the naked eye. Many of these
recently elucidated mechanisms are described. Throughout the book, perspectives from
both the laboratory and the field are combined. A central feature of the work is its emphasis
on the coevolution of leaf defences and the digestive tracts of animals including humans,
making the book of relevance in understanding the role of leaf defences in agriculture.
Leaf Defence is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking
courses in plant science, as well as a broader audience of biologists and biochemists
seeking a comprehensive and authoritative overview of this exciting and emerging topic.
‘Leaf Defence provides an excellent review of the rapidly evolving literature in this field.’
Nature
‘In a very succinct yet comprehensive format, Farmer explores the remarkably diverse
means by which leaves defend themselves against herbivores ... As a guide, Farmer is
engaging, authoritative and didactic... [His] text is an enjoyable read for anyone interested
in plant defences with an evolutionary perspective, accessible to a general audience from
students studying ecological courses to interested biologists and biochemists.
Edinburgh Journal of Botany
Cover images: front Mantled howler monkey copyright i
back A young koala copyright Shutterstock/com/Giann
ISBN 978-0-19-877783-0
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Farmer, Edward E. |
| author_facet | Farmer, Edward E. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Farmer, Edward E. |
| author_variant | e e f ee eef |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043358980 |
| classification_rvk | WN 9720 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)953528696 (DE-599)OBVAC12638170 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | First published in paperback |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 9780198777830 9780199671441 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Farmer, Edward E. Verfasser aut Leaf defence Edward E. Farmer First published in paperback Oxford Oxford University Press 2016 viii, 216 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 187-204 Coevolution (DE-588)4148204-9 gnd rswk-swf Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd rswk-swf Abwehrreaktion (DE-588)4416206-6 gnd rswk-swf Blatt (DE-588)4007051-7 gnd rswk-swf Abwehrmechanismus (DE-588)4000317-6 gnd rswk-swf Samenpflanzen (DE-588)4076988-4 gnd rswk-swf Blatt (DE-588)4007051-7 s Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 s Abwehrmechanismus (DE-588)4000317-6 s DE-604 Samenpflanzen (DE-588)4076988-4 s Abwehrreaktion (DE-588)4416206-6 s Coevolution (DE-588)4148204-9 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028778249&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028778249&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Farmer, Edward E. Leaf defence Coevolution (DE-588)4148204-9 gnd Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd Abwehrreaktion (DE-588)4416206-6 gnd Blatt (DE-588)4007051-7 gnd Abwehrmechanismus (DE-588)4000317-6 gnd Samenpflanzen (DE-588)4076988-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4148204-9 (DE-588)4159584-1 (DE-588)4416206-6 (DE-588)4007051-7 (DE-588)4000317-6 (DE-588)4076988-4 |
| title | Leaf defence |
| title_auth | Leaf defence |
| title_exact_search | Leaf defence |
| title_full | Leaf defence Edward E. Farmer |
| title_fullStr | Leaf defence Edward E. Farmer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leaf defence Edward E. Farmer |
| title_short | Leaf defence |
| title_sort | leaf defence |
| topic | Coevolution (DE-588)4148204-9 gnd Herbivoren (DE-588)4159584-1 gnd Abwehrreaktion (DE-588)4416206-6 gnd Blatt (DE-588)4007051-7 gnd Abwehrmechanismus (DE-588)4000317-6 gnd Samenpflanzen (DE-588)4076988-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Coevolution Herbivoren Abwehrreaktion Blatt Abwehrmechanismus Samenpflanzen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028778249&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028778249&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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