Ockham's razors: a user's manual
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Cambridge University Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 314 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107692534 9781107068490 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV043347182 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20170911 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 160208s2015 |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 015 | |a GBB580113 |2 dnb | ||
| 020 | |a 9781107692534 |c (pbk.) £17.99 |9 978-1-107-69253-4 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781107068490 |9 978-1-107-06849-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)915385877 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)HBZHT018681932 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-355 |a DE-19 |a DE-29T |a DE-739 |a DE-188 |a DE-91G | ||
| 082 | 0 | |a 121.3 |2 23 | |
| 084 | |a CE 4917 |0 (DE-625)17977:11616 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a WIS 370f |2 stub | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Sober, Elliott |d 1948- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)171116666 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ockham's razors |b a user's manual |c Elliott Sober |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge, United Kingdom |b Cambridge University Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a X, 314 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a William |c of Ockham |d approximately 1285-approximately 1349 |
| 650 | 4 | |a Reasoning | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Problem solving | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Simplicity (Philosophy) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Philosophy, Medieval | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ockhams Rasiermesser |0 (DE-588)4590566-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Ockhams Rasiermesser |0 (DE-588)4590566-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028766756 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175899820556288 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | OCKHAM’S RAZORS
/KiflMTTW «9^ FVC « w ■iMS7^VWr* SXhMr»ir. «V · *-r՝Q V
Ockhams razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories
are better than theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back
to Aristotle, and it plays an important role in current science. The ra/or
also gets used in everyday life and in philosophy. This book evaluates the
principle and discusses its many applications. Fascinating examples from
different domains provide a rich basis for contemplating the principle s
promises and perils. It is obvious that simpler theories are beautiful and
easy to understand; the hard problem is to figure out whv the simplic-
ity of a theory should be relevant to saying what the world is like. In this
book, the ABCs of probability theory are succinctly developed and put to
work to describe two “parsimony paradigms within which this problem
can be solved.
F.LITOTT SOBER is Hans Reichenbach Professor and William F. Yilas
Research Professorin the Department ofPhilosophy, UniversityofWiscon-
sin, Madison. In 2014 the Philosophv of Science Association awarded him
the Carl Gustav Hempel Award for lifetime achievement in philosophv ot
the Schnur (2008). Did Darwin Write Ike Origin Backwards?: Philosophical Essays
on Darwin s Theory (201F), and Onto Others: The Evolution and Psychology oj
l ՛nscl/ish Behavior {1998. coauthored with David Wilson).
Contents
Acknowledgments PaSe x
Introduction 1
1 A history of parsimony in thin slices
(from Aristotle to Morgan) 4
The naming ceremony 4
Aristotle’s principle that nature does nothing in vain 6
How Ockham wields his razor 9
Geocentric and heliocentric astronomy 12
Descartes and Leibniz on God and the laws of nature 22
Descartes’s derivations 24
Leibniz on the best of all possible worlds 26
Newton on avoiding the luxury of superfluous causes 33
Hume on the principle of the uniformity of nature 37
Kant’s demotion of God 40
Whewell’s consilience of inductions 44
Mill tries to cut the razor down to size 49
James Clerk Maxwell, the evangelical physicist 50
Morgan’s canon 51
Concluding comments 58
2 The probabilistic turn 61
Two philosophies of probability 61
A probability primer and the basics of Bayesianism 64
Ockham’s razor for Bayesians 84
Two kinds of prior probability 85
Jeffreys’s simplicity postulate 87
Popper’s objection to Jeffreys’s postulate 91
vii
Contents
vin
Popper, falsifiability, and corroboration 93
Popper’s characterization of simplicity 97
Parsimony and non-first priors 99
Likelihoods and common causes 102
On similarity 119
A three-way Reichenbachian distinction 120
Bayesian Ockham’s razor 123
Frequentism and adjustable parameters 128
How many causes for a single effect? 135
Bayesian model selection 138
The world of model selection 140
How the two parsimony paradigms differ 141
Why a false model can be more predictively accurate (and closer to
the truth) than a true one 145
What the two parsimony paradigms have in common 147
Concluding comments 148
3 Parsimony in evolutionary biology - phylogenetic inference 153
Common ancestry 154
Some history 162
Ockham meets Markov 169
Two models that entail mirroring 176
Symplesiomorphies 178
The Smith/Quackdoodle theorem 180
Estimating character states of ancestors - two examples in which
mirroring fails 181
Another criterion ֊ statistical consistency 184
Still another criterion - when is parsimony more reliable than
guessing? 188
Forwards and backwards 189
Estimating the character state of a leaf - anthropomorphism and
comparative psychology 190
Parsimony old and new 197
Concluding comments 197
Appendices 200
4 Parsimony in psychology - chimpanzee mind-reading 207
Experiments 209
Conflicting interpretations 212
Contents
IX
Whiten’s arrows 215
The two parsimony paradigms 217
Lessons from the blackbox 221
A different mind-reading model that also entails no screening-off 226
Learning and screening-off 227
Associations» correlations, and testing 229
Parsimony redux 231
A cross-chimpanzee comparison that is not about screening-off 232
Behaviorism versus mentalism 234
Concluding comments 239
5 Parsimony in philosophy 244
Naturalisms 244
Atheism and the problem of evil 246
Absence of evidence and evidence of absence 252
The mind/body problem 253
The causal efficacy of the mental 260
Moral realism 264
Misinterpreting screening-off 268
Nominalism and Platonism about mathematics 272
Solipsism 276
The problem of induction 283
Concluding comments 286
References 291
Index 309
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sober, Elliott 1948- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171116666 |
| author_facet | Sober, Elliott 1948- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sober, Elliott 1948- |
| author_variant | e s es |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043347182 |
| classification_rvk | CE 4917 |
| classification_tum | WIS 370f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)915385877 (DE-599)HBZHT018681932 |
| dewey-full | 121.3 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 121 - Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) |
| dewey-raw | 121.3 |
| dewey-search | 121.3 |
| dewey-sort | 3121.3 |
| dewey-tens | 120 - Epistemology, causation, humankind |
| discipline | Philosophie Wissenschaftskunde |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01925nam a2200433 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043347182</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20170911 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">160208s2015 |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBB580113</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781107692534</subfield><subfield code="c">(pbk.) £17.99</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-107-69253-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781107068490</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-107-06849-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)915385877</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)HBZHT018681932</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29T</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91G</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">121.3</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CE 4917</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)17977:11616</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WIS 370f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sober, Elliott</subfield><subfield code="d">1948-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)171116666</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Ockham's razors</subfield><subfield code="b">a user's manual</subfield><subfield code="c">Elliott Sober</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cambridge, United Kingdom</subfield><subfield code="b">Cambridge University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">X, 314 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">William</subfield><subfield code="c">of Ockham</subfield><subfield code="d">approximately 1285-approximately 1349</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Reasoning</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Problem solving</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Simplicity (Philosophy)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Philosophy, Medieval</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ockhams Rasiermesser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4590566-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Ockhams Rasiermesser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4590566-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028766756</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV043347182 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:23:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781107692534 9781107068490 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028766756 |
| oclc_num | 915385877 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29T DE-739 DE-188 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29T DE-739 DE-188 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | X, 314 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sober, Elliott 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)171116666 aut Ockham's razors a user's manual Elliott Sober Cambridge, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press 2015 X, 314 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier William of Ockham approximately 1285-approximately 1349 Reasoning Problem solving Simplicity (Philosophy) Philosophy, Medieval Ockhams Rasiermesser (DE-588)4590566-6 gnd rswk-swf Ockhams Rasiermesser (DE-588)4590566-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sober, Elliott 1948- Ockham's razors a user's manual William of Ockham approximately 1285-approximately 1349 Reasoning Problem solving Simplicity (Philosophy) Philosophy, Medieval Ockhams Rasiermesser (DE-588)4590566-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4590566-6 |
| title | Ockham's razors a user's manual |
| title_auth | Ockham's razors a user's manual |
| title_exact_search | Ockham's razors a user's manual |
| title_full | Ockham's razors a user's manual Elliott Sober |
| title_fullStr | Ockham's razors a user's manual Elliott Sober |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ockham's razors a user's manual Elliott Sober |
| title_short | Ockham's razors |
| title_sort | ockham s razors a user s manual |
| title_sub | a user's manual |
| topic | William of Ockham approximately 1285-approximately 1349 Reasoning Problem solving Simplicity (Philosophy) Philosophy, Medieval Ockhams Rasiermesser (DE-588)4590566-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | William of Ockham approximately 1285-approximately 1349 Reasoning Problem solving Simplicity (Philosophy) Philosophy, Medieval Ockhams Rasiermesser |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028766756&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT soberelliott ockhamsrazorsausersmanual |