Gravetské osídlení v Lubné: nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Pragae
Národní Muzeum
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Fontes archaeologici Pragenses
42 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 231 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Porträts, Faksimiles |
| ISBN: | 9788070364741 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gravetské osídlení v Lubné |b nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 |c Petr Šída, s příspěvky Kateřiny Blažkové, Dagmar Vokounové Franzeové a Marty Moravcové |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Gravetské osídlení v Lubné
Autor: Šída, Petr
Jahr: 2015
OBSAH
Obsah
ÚVOD 7
1. PRÍRODNÍ PROSTREDÍ OBLASTI LUBNÉ 8
Lokalizace 8
Geologie 9
Klima 10
Sídelní strategie 11
2. Historie výzkumu 12
3. Dokumenty 15
4. Lokality v Lubné 74
Lubná 1 74
Lubná II 75
Lubná IV 76
Lubná V 76
Lubná VII 76
Lubná VIII 76
5. Lubná 1 77
5.1 Suroviny 77
5.2 Technologická skladba 78
5.3 Typologická skladba 81
5.4 Kostená industrie 95
5.5 Osteologický materiál 95
5.6 Hrubotvará industrie a ostatní nálezy 96
5.7 Datování 96
5.8 Skládanky 97
Soupis nálezu 97
6. Lubná II 122
6.1 Suroviny 122
6.2 Technologická skladba 122
6.3 Typologická skladba 125
6.4 Kostená industrie 144
6.5 Umelecké predmety 144
6.6 Osteologický materiál 144
6.7 Hrubotvará industrie a ostatní nálezy 147
6.8 Prostorová analýza lokality 152
6.9 Datování 181
Soupis nálezu 181
7. Lubná IV 218
7.1 Suroviny 218
7.2 Technologická skladba 218
7.3 Typologická skladba 218
Soupis nálezu 220
8. Lubná VIII 221
8.1 Suroviny 221
8.2 Technologická skladba 221
8.3 Typologická skladba 223
Soupis nálezu 223
Appendix 225
Záver 226
Literatura 229
Seznam zkratek: 229
Summary: Gravettian settlement in Lubná ....230
OBSAH
Obsah
Úvod.............................................7
1. Prírodní prostredí oblasti Lubné...............8
Lokalizace.....................................8
Geologie.......................................9
Klima.........................................10
Sídelní Strategie.............................11
2. Historie vyzkumù..............................12
3. Dokumenty.....................................15
4. Lokality V Lubné..............................74
Lubná 1.......................................74
Lubná II......................................75
Lubná IV......................................76
Lubná V.......................................76
Lubná VII.....................................76
Lubná VIII....................................76
5. Lubná 1.......................................77
5.1 Surovíny..................................77
5.2 Technologická skladba.....................78
5.3 Typologická skladba.......................81
5.4 Kostënà industrie.........................95
5.5 Osteologickÿ materiál.....................95
5.6 Hrubotvará industrie a ostatní nálezy.....96
5.7 Datování..................................96
5.8 Skládanky.................................97
Soupis nálezú.................................97
6. Lubná II.....................................122
6.1 Suroviny.................................122
6.2 Technologická skladba....................122
6.3 Typologická skladba......................125
6.4 Kostënà industrie........................144
6.5 Umëlecké predmëty........................144
6.6 Osteologickÿ materiál....................144
6.7 Hrubotvará industríe a ostatní nálezy....147
6.8 Prostorová analÿza lokality..............152
6.9 Datování.................................181
Soupis nálezú................................181
7. Lubná IV..................................218
7.1 Suroviny..............................218
7.2 Technologická skladba.................218
7.3 Typologická skladba...................218
Soupis nálezú.............................220
8. Lubná VIII................................221
8.1 Suroviny..............................221
8.2 Technologická skladba.................221
8.3 Typologická skladba...................223
Soupis nálezú.............................223
Appendix.....................................225
ZÁvÉR........................................226
Literatura...................................229
Seznam zkratek:..............................229
Summary: Gravettian settlement in Lubná....230
FONTES A RC H A EG LO G I G 1 PRAGENSES - VOLUMEN 42 - PRaGAE 2015
5
SUMMARY
Summary: Gravettian settlement in Lubná
Lubnä is one of the most important prehistoric sites in
Bohemia. With a total of 8 Gravettian components located in
a small area, it represents the greatest concentration of Upper
Palaeolithic sites and has no precedent in the area. The clos-
est analogy is the Pavlovian site cluster of Dolni Vestonice II.
However, Lubnä is younger, dating between 24 to 21 thousand
years old and is not so rich in material culture. Lubna is nota-
ble because it is where the oldest art object ever found in the
Bohemiawas discovered.
Lubnä I was the first Paleolithic site excavated in Bohemia.
A high school teacher and amateur geologist named Jan Kusta
discovered it in 1890. Excavations continued the following
year and were completed in 1913 by J. Soukup. The second
main location was discovered and excavated in 1933. The site
was first located by B. Typolt and J. Renner and the excavation
was undertaken by J. Böhm. The excavation of Lubnä II can be
considered to be the first modern excavation of a Paleolithic
site in the country. Even today, after more than 80 years, we
can perform advanced planigraphic analysis based on Böhm s
field documentation.
In the first phase of research at Lubnä, archaeological
remains were also discovered in several other locations (IV,
V, VII and VIII). Some of these components have preserved
archaeological material (IV, VIII), whilst the rest are only
reported in the literature. Lubnä IV was excavated by S. Vend
in 1961. In the same year, Lubnä III was also discovered and
explored. Lubnä VI was discovered in 2006 and the first trench-
ing was undertaken in 2012.
The dominant raw material in the assemblage from Lubnä
I is erratic flint (94.7 %). This may also include the unidentifi-
able patinaed silicites that make up 2.1 % of the assemblage.
Raw materials remained undetermined for 12 artifacts (lost
pieces, 2.6 %). Single examples of Permo-Carbonian limnosilic-
ite, Tusimice quartzite and plattensilex make up 0.2 % of the
total. Permo-Carbonian limnosilicite is a local raw material.
Tusimice quartzite was available in the Northwest Bohemian
lignite basin located about 40 km away. Erratic flint would
have come from a minimum distance of 120 km, obtained
from the area north of the border mountains, and the nearest
sources for plattensilex were outcrops located near the Bavar-
ian Arnhofen, about 150 km from the site.
Of the original assemblage from Lubnä I, a total of 468
stone artefacts remain. The assemblage was larger; in 1891,
J. Kusta noted 750 pieces of worked stone. What happened to
the missing artifacts is not known.
Blades make up the largest part of the assemblage, com-
prising 28.8 % of the total. Microblades comprise 3.2 % of
the assemblage. Flakes comprise 25.2 % and burin spalls an
additional 13.9 %. Cores comprise only 1.5 %, microchips
only 1.3 % and fragments 4.1 % of the total collection. Tools
represent 30.3 % of the assemblage from Lubnä 1.1.7 % of the
collection (8 artifacts) could not be identified because it is
temporarily unavailable.
230
Significantly, the tools from this assemblage are of Gravet-
tian type: predominantly burins (23), end scrapers (9), backed
blades and microlithic tools. Seven identifiable La Gravette
points are present in this assemblage.
In Kusta’s preliminary publication, a fragment of a chisel
(probably a point) made of mammoth ivory is mentioned, and
the discovery of another finding of the same type is noted just
before publication, but no artifacts of this type are currently
in the collection.
In the osteological assemblage, 4 reindeer antlers bear
traces of cutting. The original osteological identification was
conducted first by J. N. Woldrich and after him K. J. Maska.
Both recognized the following seven species: Equus caballus
fossilis minor Woldrich, Bos primigenius Bojanus, Antílope
cf Rupicapra Pallas, Antílope sp„ Cervus elaphus L., Rangifer
tarandus Pallas and Rhinoceros antiquitatis Brdt. Both noted
cut marks on three of the reindeer antlers. K. J. Maska also
noted a bone bearing cut marks (Kusta 1892, 171). J. Kusta
estimated the minimum number of individual reindeer from
the part of the site, that he had excavated, to be 15.
The National Museum still holds the original boxe of ani-
mal bones from Lubná I, which maintain their original pack-
aging from the end of the 19th century, when J. Kusta sent
them to K. J. Maska (see chapter Historie vyzkumu and Doc-
uments 2 and 5).
The bone assemblage from the 1913 excavation is deposited
in the Museum of T.G.M. in Rakovník. K. J. Maska undertook
the identifications (the bones were sent to him in a box which
is still preserved along with the original captions - document
11). Maska s report was not found, but its results were care-
fully cited by J. Soukup (Soukup 1914). K. J. Maska identified
the bones of reindeer and bison in the assemblage. In addition,
there are also older finds from the brickyards (some perhaps
from the time of J. Kusta) in the collection of the Rakovník
museum, among which are found the bones of a rhinoceros.
Several burnt plates of iron sandstone were located in the
cultural layer at Lubná I, which is a common phenomenon in
Lubná (cf. Lubná II and VI) (Kusta 1892, 171). A total of 10 pre-
served pieces were stored in the collections of the Geological
and Paleontological Department of the National Museum at the
end of the 19th century. Now they form part of the collection
of the Department of Prehistory of the National Museum.
From the osteological material held in the National Museum,
A. Verpoorte obtained two radiocarbon dates, both indicat-
ing a date of around 22 thousand years ago.
Again, the dominant raw material from Lubná II is erratic
flint. This raw material comes from a minimum distance of 120
km, from the area north of the border mountains. One worked
stone artifact was not identifiable due to burning, but it is likely
also erratic flint. No other raw material was used at Lubná II.
A total of926 chipped stone artefacts from Lubná II are held
in the collection of the National Museum. The largest group are
flakes (36.7 %), followed by blades (21.4 %) with microblades
- VOLUMEN 42 - PRAGAE 2015
FONTES ARCH AEOLOGICi PRAGENSES
I
SUMMARY
(3.6 %). Fragments make up 10.8 % and burin spalls 13.4 % of
the assemblage. Cores make up only 0.5 % of the assemblage.
Tools make up 13.4 % of the total assemblage.
Significantly, the assemblage was dominated by Gravettian
tool types. Burins were the most numerous (51), followed by
end scrapers (7), backed blades and microlithic tools. Nine La
Gravette points were excavated from Lubna II.
There are two broken bone chisels in the collection. Dur-
ing the excavation a tiny pendant made from mammoth ivory
was discovered in square b2. The pendant is 2.5 cm x 1.35 cm
and 0.74 cm in height. The terminal part of the artefact is flat-
tened, thinned and pierced. The terminal part is partly dam-
aged and there is a crack running through the hole. The entire
surface is finely ground and on the dorsal side are three paral-
lel oblique lines. This tiny pendant is the only art object from
the Gravettian period to be found in Bohemia.
The osteological material from Lubna II is very fragmen-
tary, but it was possible to identify five huntable animal species:
loess horse (Equus germanicus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus),
wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpes sp. - Alopex sp.), and hare (Lepus
sp.), leaving 984 unidentified bone fragments. Where it was
impossible to identify by species, the bones were sorted by size
- large mammal (the size of a horse or aurochs), medium-sized
mammal (the size of a reindeer or wolf) and small mammal
(the size of foxes and hares) (Nyvltova - Fisakova 2009).
Stone paving was present on the site, as is common on
bohemian sites. In the case of Lubna II, the pavement was
made up of fragments of iron sandstone and quartz boulders.
There were two separate concentrations of stone pavement. The
larger concentration is located around the southern hearth.
In this area, the stones are placed very close together. A sec-
ond, much looser accumulation is located around the north
hearth. It seems, therefore, that the pavements are functionally
related to hearths and the technological processes that take
place in their vicinity. The paving stones were not removed
during excavation.
Macroindustry is represented by 25 artifacts, including
one flake and 24 fragments of lydite, slate, quartz, quartzite
and hematite. The last artifact is a hammer stone made of a
diabase boulder.
Thanks to detailed record keeping linking artifacts to the
field plan, we are able to undertake planigraphic analysis of
the site. The excavated area was divided by a regular grid of
squares measuring 0.5 x 0.5 m (1 to 24 x A to V), and all sig-
nificant features and artifacts were recorded. We can distin-
guish several major areas with differing artefact concentra-
tions. They are:
a) a possible dwelling space (squares about HP x 12-17) with
an inner hearth (south) in square J13, empty space in squares
LO x 14-16, and a probable entrance in squares I-N17.
b) a space outside the entrance into the dwelling (south of
it, squares IN x 18-20).
c) an outdoor work area in squares KO x 6-8 with a hearth
(north) in square M7-8.
d) a waste zone around the outdoor work area with a width
of one to two squares (0.5 to 1 m).
e) the main waste zone between the outside working area
and dwelling space (in the shade north of the dwelling, squares
I-L x 10-11).
f) a few isolated accumulations of bones and chipped stone
industry outside the main accumulation on the western edge
(non-specific working space - work with the hunted ani-
mals?)
Two samples of the animal bones were taken for radio-
carbon dating during the laboratory treatment of the assem-
blage in 2005. Relevant results were not obtained due to low
collagen content.
The number of artifacts retained from the excavations at
Lubna IV at the beginning of the 20th century is very small,
but they fit well with the other Gravettien assemblages of
the Lubna area. A total of 11 chipped stone artefacts are pre-
served from the earliest excavation of this part of the site.
During a subsequent excavation, a further 555 artefacts were
retrieved; analysis of those artifacts lies outside of the scope
of this paper.
The raw material used at Lubna IV corresponds to the com-
position of the other assemblages. Ten of the artifacts were
made from erratic flint, whilst the eleventh one is unidentifi-
able due to patina. Erratic flint comes from a minimum dis-
tance of 120 km away from the site.
There are four blades (36.4 %), three flakes and retouched
tools (27.3 %) and one burin spall in the assemblage. The tools
types are represented by a broken edge burin on a laterally
retouched blade, edge burin and burin on break combination,
and a laterally retouched blade.
This small assemlage is important to history of excavation
at the site of Lubna and to our understanding of the broader
history of archaeological research on the Gravettian period
in the Bohemia. The part of the site that was excavated in the
sixties was located on the basis of eyewitness accounts.
64 chipped stone artifacts from Lubna VIII are held at the
Museum of T.G.M. in Rakovnik, located in the “guard house”.
This is a small, but significant assemblage, certainly belong-
ing to the Gravettian period.
The types of raw material used here correspond to the
composition of the assemblages from other parts of the site.
Erratic flint is predominant, comprising 62 artefacts (96.9 %).
The remaining two artefacts were made of Skrsin quartzite
(3.1 %) from the eastern edge of the Podkrusnohorska Basin,
40 km away from the site. Erratic flint was brought from a
distance of at least 120 kilometers.
The majority of the assemblage is made up of flakes (54.7 %),
followed by blades (17.2 %) and microblades (4.7 %). The assem-
blage also contains fragments (18.8 %) and a few types (4.7
%). Cores, burins spalls and microchips are not present in
this assemblage.
Only three tools are present in this assemblage - a micro-
lithic La Gravette point, a microburin on backed microblade
and a straight truncated blade.
Research interest in the Lubna complex faded for a long
time after the excavation of Lubna II was completed. Except
for a short period of excavation in 1961, when S. Vend exca-
vated Lubna III and IV, and conducted a brief surface survey,
the site remained largely untouched. Further research did not
continue until the beginning of the 21st century, when the
site came to the attention of one of the authors. Since then
new excavation at Lubna VI and coring of the entire site has
been started. Even after 125 years of exploration, Lubna has
not revealed all of its secrets and riches. What is hidden by
deposits of loess allows us to access the lives of the ancient
hunters who were able to adapt to the starkest climatic condi-
tions we can imagine. Thanks to the diligence and passion of
our predecessors from the 19th and 20th centuries, evidence
of their presence did not disappear in oblivion. Let this book
remind all of them.
FONTES ARCH AEO LOG I C I PRAGENSES - VOLUMEN 42 - PRAGAE 2015
231
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Šída, Petr 1976- Blažková, Kateřina 1976- Vokounová Franzeová, Dagmar 1985- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)141709200 (DE-588)1132169712 (DE-588)1132170036 (DE-588)1132170249 |
| author_facet | Šída, Petr 1976- Blažková, Kateřina 1976- Vokounová Franzeová, Dagmar 1985- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Šída, Petr 1976- |
| author_variant | p š pš k b kb f d v fd fdv |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043315143 |
| classification_rvk | NF 1645 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)936133971 (DE-599)BVBBV043315143 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 31000 v.Chr.-25000 v.Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 31000 v.Chr.-25000 v.Chr. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Westböhmisches Gebiet (DE-588)4079210-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Westböhmisches Gebiet |
| id | DE-604.BV043315143 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:22:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788070364741 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028735701 |
| oclc_num | 936133971 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-B496 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-M157 DE-20 DE-M515 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-B496 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-M157 DE-20 DE-M515 DE-12 |
| physical | 231 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Porträts, Faksimiles |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Národní Muzeum |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Fontes archaeologici Pragenses |
| series2 | Fontes archaeologici Pragenses |
| spelling | Šída, Petr 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)141709200 aut Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 Petr Šída, s příspěvky Kateřiny Blažkové, Dagmar Vokounové Franzeové a Marty Moravcové Gravettské osídlení v Lubné Gravettian settlement in Lubná Pragae Národní Muzeum 2015 231 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Porträts, Faksimiles txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Fontes archaeologici Pragenses 42 Zusammenfassung auf Englisch und Tschechisch Geschichte 31000 v.Chr.-25000 v.Chr. gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Gravettien (DE-588)4158106-4 gnd rswk-swf Westböhmisches Gebiet (DE-588)4079210-9 gnd rswk-swf Westböhmisches Gebiet (DE-588)4079210-9 g Gravettien (DE-588)4158106-4 s Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 31000 v.Chr.-25000 v.Chr. z DE-604 Blažková, Kateřina 1976- (DE-588)1132169712 aut Vokounová Franzeová, Dagmar 1985- (DE-588)1132170036 aut Moravcová, Marta 1983- Sonstige (DE-588)1132170249 oth Fontes archaeologici Pragenses 42 (DE-604)BV008011825 42 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Šída, Petr 1976- Blažková, Kateřina 1976- Vokounová Franzeová, Dagmar 1985- Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 Fontes archaeologici Pragenses Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Gravettien (DE-588)4158106-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4158106-4 (DE-588)4079210-9 |
| title | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 |
| title_alt | Gravettské osídlení v Lubné Gravettian settlement in Lubná |
| title_auth | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 |
| title_exact_search | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 |
| title_full | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 Petr Šída, s příspěvky Kateřiny Blažkové, Dagmar Vokounové Franzeové a Marty Moravcové |
| title_fullStr | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 Petr Šída, s příspěvky Kateřiny Blažkové, Dagmar Vokounové Franzeové a Marty Moravcové |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 Petr Šída, s příspěvky Kateřiny Blažkové, Dagmar Vokounové Franzeové a Marty Moravcové |
| title_short | Gravetské osídlení v Lubné |
| title_sort | gravetske osidleni v lubne nalezy d roku 1960 gravettian settlement in lubna finds discovered before 1960 |
| title_sub | nálezy d roku 1960 = Gravettian settlement in Lubná : finds discovered before 1960 |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Gravettien (DE-588)4158106-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Siedlung Ausgrabung Gravettien Westböhmisches Gebiet |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028735701&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008011825 |
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