Abaz Kupi: = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Gjonlekaj Publishing Company
2001
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 192 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 1891654098 9781891654091 |
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| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820172536023875584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Pérmbajtja
Kushtim: .3
Pjesa e paré: Rinia.5
Pjesa e dyté: Né vazhdim té jetes,. 13
Pjesa e treté: Ofíceri i xhandarmarisé.33
Pjesa e katért: Kthimi né Atdhe .49
Pjesa e peste: Nga Peza né Mukje .63
Pjesa e gjashté: Pushtimi nazist .77
Pjesa e shtaté: Véllavrasja .97
Pjesa e teté: Jeta e kampeve. 119
Pjesa e nénté: Né Shtetet e Bashkuara té Amerikés. 129
Pjesa e dhjeté: Vlerésimi . 143
Pjesa e njémbédhjeté: Heronjté nuk vdesin. 151
Pérmbajtja:. 177
Resume: Abaz Kupi, the unknown life of the
hero of anti-fascist resistance. 181
177
Bibliografi
Julian Amery: “Bijte e Shqipes”
David Smiley: “Me detyre ně Shqipěri”
Robert Lee Èolf: “Ballkani ně kohět tona”
Kristo Dako: “Shěnime historike nga jeta dhe veprat e NMT Zog I
Tajar Zavalani: “Histori e Shqipěrisě”
Dr. Rexhep Krasniqi: “Kongresi i Berlinit dhe Verilindja e Shqipěrisě”
Uran Bůtka: “Kthimi i Miťhat Frashěrit”
Uran Bůtka: “Mukja, shans i bashkimit, peng i tradhětisě”
Xhaferr Martini: “Elez Isufí”
Dr. Elmaz Leci: “Kush e vrau? Pērse i děnuan?”
JosifZegali: “Lufta e Dytě Botěrore dhe popuiii shqiptar”
L. Kasneci, R. Janushi, S. Sallabanda: “Kronike e ditěve tě stuhishme”
Organizatat tradhětare “Balli Kombětar dhe Legaliteti”
Gazeta “Atdheu”
Gazeta “Balli i Kombit”
Gazeta “Bota sot”
Gazeta “Dielli”
Gazeta “Illyria” etj
174
Abaz Kupi: The unknown life of
The hero of anti-fascist resistance
Abaz Kupi was bom on 6 August 1892, in Kruja, the Albanian headquarters dur-
ing the resistance that the legendary hero of the Albanians, Gjergj Kastrioti,
Scanderbeg, made for twenty-five years against the Ottomans occupiers. The histo-
ries of Kruja herself, which had become a command fortress for the protection of the
Christianity, a symbol of the Albanian Flag, which the greatest army of the time could
not vanquish, had a great impact on the upbringing of this great patriot and success-
ful military man. His father, Hasan Kupi was given the duty of commander of Kruja,
a man who kept the public order and security of this city. This Commander enjoyed
lots of popularity in Kruja, which made jealous the then Shkodra’s governor who
after a quarrel with him ordered his transfer from Kruja to Shkodra.
Hasan Kupi did not accept this transfer. The quarrel continued and the governor
issued an order of internment of the commander to Montenegro. Due to protests in
Kruja against this order, Hasan Kupi was not interned. The governor took revenge by
firing and replacing him with a new commander. The new commander was an incom-
petent man and was not able to protect the local merchants from an attack that ban-
dits took against them. They went and asked for help to the old commander, Hasan,
Abaz’s father. Hasan Kupi beat badly the bandits and people of Kruja made a song
for him. With these great and brave men stories Abaz Kupi was raised and educated.
At the age of twelve, Abaz supplied with bullets a brave villager who resisted with
arms against the Ottomans that had gone to get, with force, taxes . The villager was
killed but this act of resistance was deeply implanted at Abaz.
There is also another event that influenced the upbringing of this heroic man: The
Proclamation of Independence of Albania and the raising of the Flag of Scanderbeg.
The city of Kruja was the first to raise the flag with Scanderbeg in 1443. The raising
again of the flag after 500 years under the Ottoman’s rule was the salvation of
Albania from the territorial greedy ambitions of its neighbors. Among the men that
raised the flag, in Kruja in 1912, there was a young boy, Abaz Kupi, who was forced
to return back because he was not a grown up man. But in May 1914, when the dan-
ger of self-destruction for Albania by the Albanian Turkoshak from the Haxhi
Qamili’s insurgency came into existence, Abaz Kupi showed that he was not a young
boy but a brave man who loved Albania and the National Flag. When the Esat Pasha’s
men, Llan Hoxha and his followers would take off the red and black flag from the
Kupajs door to replace it with the Ottoman’s flag, Abaz Kupi swore that he would
defend the Albanian flag and he did indeed. Together with his friend, the brave man
from the Pushkash village of Kruja, Preng Lleshin, they ambushed the bastard trai-
tor, who took off the flag, and shot him dead with two bullets. After this, nobody
could accuse Abaz Kupi that he was not a grown-up man. Very soon, he would
become one of the defenders of Kruja. This heroic man of Kruja formed his armed
181
group which included brave men of honor and able to fight as: Hysen Leshi, Kurd of
San Himes, Cubi i San Himes, Zenel Bruzja, Xhaferri of Ali Hajdarit, Meta of Xhixh
Dani and etc. This armed group, took its blessings from the clerics and the People,
and protected them from the bandits that were around and wanted to commit rob-
beries.
The armed group of Abaz Kupi defended Kruja and the provinces around also
during the World War I, when Albania became an arena of war and its neighbors
wanted to cut off territorial parts from the weak body of a poor country and destroyed
by the wars. In Kruja, it was deployed the Austro-Hungarian Army. Abaz fought
against it more than once. He was once called for talks in Kruja and on his way there
it was cuffed. He managed cunningly and cleverly to escape the guardians and to
reunite with his armed group.
Abaz Kupi decided to take on responsibility for Albania with riffle and not with
words or politics. In politics he came in by coincidence. He declared that it was his
word of honor and love for the country that made him enter in politics.
Abaz Kupi was a monarchist despite of his ups and downs relations with Ahmet
Zogu. Once, they were adversaries for a short time, and later loyal to each other. The
cause for deterioration of the relations between Ahmet Zogu and Abaz Kupi was the
irritation that existed between Ahemet Zogu and Osman Kupi, the cousin of Abaz
Kupi. This quarrel ended with the assassination of Osman Kupi by the loyal officers
of Zogu. This assassination was done at night, with cold weapons, in the tekke of
Fushe Kruja. Abaz Kupi, together with his two cousins, Ibrahim and Idriz Kupi in
return killed the deputy-perfect and the head of gendarmerie and a sergeant as well
who had all cooperated in the Osman’s assassination. With these killings, Abaz gave
a clear message to Ahmet Zog that in Kruja was also he, Abaz Kupi with his family
and brave men. Kruja was shaked by these killings and the name of the hero was
known everywhere.
There is also another fight between Abaz Kupi and Ahmet Zogu. When support-
ers of Esat Pasha, majors Osman Bali and Halit Lleshi attacked Tirana, which was
defended by Ahmet Zogu, with them was also Abaz Kupi. The forces were gathered
in Tapize. When the patriot Sene Elezi came in Tapize, on behalf of the government,
Abaz understood his logic, an Albanian attack against the government would damage
a lot the image of Albania. Abaz called on his fighters and returned back refusing to
hear the discontents of Halit Leshi. Abaz gave to him a blunt answer: Before Albania,
there is nobody else_Ahmet Zogu learned this wise stand and said: Abaz it’s a good
man!
The wisdom and bravery of Abaz Kupi would be shown again on the Kopliku
War, when the Albanian forces went to fight against the Montenegrin Army which
was attacking Shkodra. In the spring of 1920, Kruja sent there her sons, 300 volun-
teers, under the leadership of Abaz Kupi. On the top of the Albanian Army, there were
Ahmet Zogu, Bajram Curri and Abaz Kupi. In this War, Albanians showed the force
of arms and of being united. They were able to beat the Montenegrin Army.
182
The disagreements between Zogu and Abaz Kupi led to a meeting between them
in Preza. At the end of the meeting, they shook hands with each other but did not
achieve an agreement and their relations stayed the same, frozen and cold relations.
At that time Ahmet Zogu was a Minister of Interior and advised Abaz to not cre-
ate troubles in Kruja but allowed Abaz to keep with him up to 10 brave armed man.
Ahmet Zogu did not forgive him for not accepting his invitation for cooperation at
the Preza meeting. As soon as the moment was created, he surrounded the Abaz’s
house with many forces. The house was attacked at midnight. The entire Kupaj fam-
ily took the riffles. The friends went to help Abaz, among whom Halit Lleshi was
killed and Zenel Bruzja was injured. Abaz also was injured in the head with a piece
of shell. The fighting continued for a long time. Abaz broke the siege. After this, his
family was jailed and his house was burned. For a big amount of money, the Abaz’s
friend, Selman Petrela was able to take out of jail and shelter at his home the Kupi
family.
In March of 1922, when Prime Minister was Xhaferr Ypi and Ahmet Zogu, min-
ister of interior, the insurgency led by Elez Isufl had begun. With him, there were also
Mustafa Kruja and Izet Dibra. Abaz Kupi went as well. The victory of the insurgent
forces was almost certain. This insurgency was risking the existence of the State
itself. It was the intervention of the British minister in Tirana, Eyers who advised
Elez Isufi to withdraw because the damage that was being done to Albania from this
insurgency was exceptional. Elez Isufi thought carefully and accepted to withdraw.
Abaz Kupi with his brave man as well returned back to Kruja’s villages where he had
his won centers.
This was the last fight between Zogu and Abaz. After this, the peace began. The
man who mediated for their cooperation was Sule Kurti, a close friend to both of
them. Before making up and cooperating with Ahmet Zogu, Abaz gathered all his
men and discussed it over with them. He accepted cooperation not simply because
Zog offered him a post but it was in the interest of Albania.
Abaz was appointed the commandant of gendarmerie for Kruja. He took this post
with passion and reorganized the gendarmerie, selected and recruited young people.
There exist many data that Abaz had a big influence on establishing the public order,
reconciling old feuds, fighting governmental corruption etc. When Zogu learned
about this good activity gave to Abaz the rank of captain.
7 April 1939 is the most brightening page of the history written by Abaz Kupi. He
became in those days the personage of the European journals. He was in front of the
defense against fascist debarkation and showed great military competence. He man-
aged, although, with a modest ammunition and small forces to push back into the sea
the fascist forces which were composed of 400 airplanes, 137 war ships and more
than 50 thousands solders. Abaz became the headquarters of the Albanian resistance.
But it could not continue for long. Abaz withdrew and blew up the bridge of Shijaku,
and went up to the northern border to avoid the danger. The fascists were paying
money to catch him. After this, it began for Abaz the difficult moment of exile. He
183
passed some difficult moments in Yugoslavia. Then he went to Larisa, Greece where
it was Ahmet Zogu and later he returned to Turkey. He did not accompany the royal
family in her ordeal. In exile, British colonel Frenk Sterling met Abaz and told him
about the British plan to organize the anti-fascist and anti-nazi resistance in Balkan
and Europe. The United Kingdom had appointed for Albania Julian Amery who after
meeting with Gani Kryeziu talked also with Abaz. After this moment, Abaz would
stay in Yugoslavia and, after organizing Albanians in armed groups and the estab-
lishment of a committee whose chairman was Abaz, they entered into Albania. Abaz
would fight, with all his force, against Fascists. He would cooperate with all politi-
cal forces in the interest of Albania, even with the Communists. The armed group of
Abaz Kup would gain an uncommon authority. People would support it and supply
with. His old co-fighter, Mustafa Kruja would invite him to give an important seat in
his collaborationist government but Abaz refuse it with disgust. He, the hero of 7
April could not co-govem together with the Fascists. Then, Mustafa Kruja used the
trap and after it the force against Abaz. The fierce battle of Sukth brought losses to
Abaz Kupi, where many of his fighters were killed, but the name of Abaz Kupi
gained more popularity. He managed this time, too, to escape from the siege, but four
of his brave men were killed.
Abaz would accept the proposal of Mustafa Gjinushi to stand united in the fight
against Fascists. He esteemed that man, whom he had met in the exile circles in
Yugoslavia and was of the view that all Albanians should be united against Fascism.
He even accepted to take part in the Peza Conference. He accepted the seat given to
him among seven members of the National Liberation General Council. The
Albanian Communist Party, for her part, tried to profit from the good name of this
patriot fighter. Enver Hoxha himself wrote with euphemism for the fight of Abaz
Kupi against Italian occupiers in one of the numbers of " People’s Voice”. However,
Abaz Kupi did not fall into the Communists tricks; he did not accept in his fight
group the political commissars, as Baba Faja, Haxhi Leshi, Myslym Peza etc, did.
Despite this, the Communists did not want that Abaz Kupi be separated from them
and invited him in the Labinoti Conference on 4 July 1943 and elected him member
of the General Headquarters of the National Liberation Army. At the same time, in
the Abaz Kupi Headquarters, there were British missionaries who would highly
appreciate the personality of this anti-fascist and anti-nazi commandant and strongly
anti communist as well.
In Mukja Conference, Abaz Kupi showed wisdom and nationalism. He was a
member of the Front delegation. Abaz was one of the architects of what the
Communists later would destroy under the order of the Yugoslavs. The ethnic
Albania, made furious the Yugoslavs who gave to Enver Hoxha the ultimatum to
annul it. So did Enver. After this moment, the fratricide began and Abaz Kupi as
many nationalists found that it was very difficult to cooperate with the Communists,
who absolutely wanted to take the power and to eliminate those that would threaten
their power. After the annulment of the Mukja Agreement, Abaz Kupi declared his
184
resignation from the General Council. He accepted to meet with the delegation of the
Communist Party. Enver Hoxha was a member of this delegation, and Abaz with
courage severely criticized the cooperation with Yugoslavs and the starting of the
fratricide in Albania. That was his last meeting with the Communists. After this,
Enver would order the elimination of Abaz Kupi’s forces. After the capitulation of the
Fascists and the coming of Nazis, the Abaz Kupi’s forces were numerous. The British
colonel, Maclean, who was in his Headquarters, confessed this. Later, David Smailey
as well would declare the Abaz Kupi’s growing popularity and his bravery. But the
fratricide was becoming the Albanian gangrene . Abaz tried to coordinate his actions
with nationalists, but it was impossible. The end of the war was bringing the
Communists as victorious. They, with the order of Enver Hoxha, were looking to
assassinate Abaz Kupi. On 24 October 1944 the hero of the anti-fascist resistance
took the long and painful road of exile. He would never see his own country. After
an ordeal of six days in open sea with the help of a British ship he, along with his
fighters, would be saved from death and would land on Brindizi.
In exile, Abaz would not stop the fight against Communism. He would represent
the Levizja e Legalitetit in the Committee called " Free Albania". At the Rome meet-
ing, on 6 August 1949 Abaz would be elected vice-chairman of this committee.
During that time he would go in many European countries such as Germany, Malta,
France, United Kingdom and, together with Mid’hat Frasheri, they came in the USA.
Up to 1957, he lived in Rome. In 1968 he came in New York. He continued his polit-
ical life by being active in the leadership of the Levizja e Legalitetit.
Abaz Kupi died on 9 January 1976. He died in a surgical room. Every 9 January
Albanians go to the grave of the hero of 7 April and remember the patriot who did
not stop fighting for his country.
Bayerfsche
Staatsbibliothel
München
185 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bungo, Makensen 1927- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13986220X |
| author_facet | Bungo, Makensen 1927- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bungo, Makensen 1927- |
| author_variant | m b mb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043310505 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1011416056 (DE-599)BVBBV043310505 |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1939 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Albania fast Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Albania Italien Albanien |
| id | DE-604.BV043310505 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T21:03:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1891654098 9781891654091 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028731172 |
| oclc_num | 1011416056 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 192 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Gjonlekaj Publishing Company |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bungo, Makensen 1927- Verfasser (DE-588)13986220X aut Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance Makensen Bungo Abaz Kupi New York Gjonlekaj Publishing Company 2001 192 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 fast Kupi, Abaz 1892-1976 (DE-588)106293718X gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1939 gnd rswk-swf Revolutionaries / Albania / Biography Anti-fascist movements / Albania / History / 20th century Anti-fascist movements fast Revolutionaries fast Geschichte Invasion (DE-588)4129821-4 gnd rswk-swf Verteidigung (DE-588)4063254-4 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd rswk-swf Antikommunismus (DE-588)4002291-2 gnd rswk-swf Unabhängigkeitskrieg (DE-588)4186823-7 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Albania fast Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Kupi, Abaz 1892-1976 (DE-588)106293718X p DE-604 Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Verteidigung (DE-588)4063254-4 s Italien (DE-588)4027833-5 g Invasion (DE-588)4129821-4 s Geschichte 1939 z Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Unabhängigkeitskrieg (DE-588)4186823-7 s Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 s Antikommunismus (DE-588)4002291-2 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bungo, Makensen 1927- Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 fast Kupi, Abaz 1892-1976 (DE-588)106293718X gnd Revolutionaries / Albania / Biography Anti-fascist movements / Albania / History / 20th century Anti-fascist movements fast Revolutionaries fast Geschichte Invasion (DE-588)4129821-4 gnd Verteidigung (DE-588)4063254-4 gnd Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd Antikommunismus (DE-588)4002291-2 gnd Unabhängigkeitskrieg (DE-588)4186823-7 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)106293718X (DE-588)4129821-4 (DE-588)4063254-4 (DE-588)4008784-0 (DE-588)4002291-2 (DE-588)4186823-7 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4027833-5 (DE-588)4001028-4 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance |
| title_alt | Abaz Kupi |
| title_auth | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance |
| title_exact_search | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance |
| title_full | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance Makensen Bungo |
| title_fullStr | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance Makensen Bungo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abaz Kupi = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance Makensen Bungo |
| title_short | Abaz Kupi |
| title_sort | abaz kupi abaz kupi the unknown life of the hero of anti fascist resistance |
| title_sub | = Abaz Kupi : the unknown life of the hero of anti-fascist resistance |
| topic | Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 fast Kupi, Abaz 1892-1976 (DE-588)106293718X gnd Revolutionaries / Albania / Biography Anti-fascist movements / Albania / History / 20th century Anti-fascist movements fast Revolutionaries fast Geschichte Invasion (DE-588)4129821-4 gnd Verteidigung (DE-588)4063254-4 gnd Bürgerkrieg (DE-588)4008784-0 gnd Antikommunismus (DE-588)4002291-2 gnd Unabhängigkeitskrieg (DE-588)4186823-7 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kupi, Abaz / 1892-1976 Kupi, Abaz 1892-1976 Revolutionaries / Albania / Biography Anti-fascist movements / Albania / History / 20th century Anti-fascist movements Revolutionaries Geschichte Invasion Verteidigung Bürgerkrieg Antikommunismus Unabhängigkeitskrieg Zweiter Weltkrieg Albania Italien Albanien Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028731172&sequence=000003&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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