Precision surveying: the principles and geomatics practice
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
ft
About the Author xvii
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
1 Precision Survey Properties and Techniques 1
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Basic Classification of Precision Surveys, 3
1.2.1 Geodetic Control Network Surveys, 3
1.2.2 Monitoring and Deformation Surveys, 4
1.2.3 Geodetic Engineering Surveys, 5
1.2.4 Industrial Metrology, 7
1.2.5 Surveys for Research and Education, 8
1.3 Precision Geodetic Survey Techniques, 8
1.3.1 Positioning using Global Navigation Satellite System, 8
1.3.2 Conventional Horizontal Positioning Techniques, 10
1.3.3 Geodetic Vertical Positioning Techniques, 11
1.4 Review of Some Safety Issues, 12
2 Observables, Measuring Instruments, and Theory of Observation
Errors 15
2.1 Observables, Measurements and Measuring Instruments, 15
vi
CONTENTS
2.2 Angle and Direction Measuring Instruments, 16
2.2.1 Optical Theodolites, 17
2.2.2 Electronic Digital Theodolites, 19
2.2.3 Gyrotheodolite/Gyro Station Equipment, 20
2.2.4 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Survey
Equipment, 20
2.3 Elevation Difference Measuring Instrument, 20
2.4 Distance Measuring Instrument, 24
2.5 Accuracy Limitations of Modern Survey Instruments, 25
2.5.1 Atmospheric and Target Conditions, 25
2.5.2 Equipment Design and Precision, 26
2.5.3 Instrument Operator Factor, 27
2.6 Error Properties of Measurements, 28
2.6.1 Blunders (or Gross Error), 28
2.6.2 Random and Systematic Errors, 28
2.7 Precision and Accuracy Indicators, 29
2.8 Systematic Error and Random Error Propagation Laws, 30
2.8.1 Systematic Error Propagation Laws, 30
2.8.2 Random Error Propagation Laws, 31
2.8.3 Confidence Regions for One-Dimensional Parameters, 32
2.8.4 Confidence Regions for Two-Dimensional Parameters, 34
2.9 Statistical Test of Hypotheses: The Tools for Data Analysis, 38
2.9.1 Observations of One Observable: Test on the Mean, 39
2.9.2 Observations of Two Observables: Test on the Difference
of Their Means, 39
2.9.3 Observations of One Observable: Test on the Variance, 41
2.9.4 Observations of Two Observables: Comparison of Their
Standard Deviations, 43
2.10 Need for Equipment Calibration and Testing, 44
3 Standards and Specifications for Precision Surveys 47
3.1 Introduction, 48
3.1.1 Precision Standards, 48
3.1.2 Accuracy Standards, 48
3.1.3 Content Standards, 49
3.1.4 Performance Standards, 49
3.1.5 General Comparison of Standards, 50
3.1.6 Standards and Specifications, 50
3.2 Standards and the Concept of Confidence Regions, 51
3.3 Standards for Traditional Vertical Control Surveys, 52
3.3.1 Accuracy Measure of Vertical Control Surveys, 52
3.3.2 Specifications and Guidelines for Vertical Control
Surveys, 55
CONTENTS
Vll
3.3.3 Typical Field Procedure for Precise Differential
Leveling, 58
3.3.3.1 Electronic Leveling, 61
3.3.4 Accuracy of Height Differences, 61
3.3.5 Vertical Control Surveys Examples, 62
3.4 Standards for Horizontal Control Surveys, 66
3.4.1 Accuracy Standards for Traditional Horizontal Control
Surveys, 66
3.4.2 Accuracy Standards and Specifications for Traverse
Surveys, 68
3.4.3 Accuracy Standards and Specifications for GNSS
Surveys, 71
3.5 Unified Standards for Positional Accuracy, 72
3.5.1 Network Accuracy, 73
3.5.2 Local Accuracy, 73
3.5.3 Accuracy Classification, 74
3.6 Map and Geospatial Data Accuracy Standards, 77
3.6.1 Positional Accuracy Determination Based on NSSDA, 78
3.6.2 Relationship between Standards, 81
3.6.2.1 NSSDA and NMAS Horizontal Accuracy
Standards, 81
3.6.2.2 NSSDA and NMAS Vertical Accuracy
Standards, 82
3.6.2.3 NSSDA and ASPRS Standards, 82
3.7 Quality and Standards, 82
4 Accuracy Analysis and Evaluation of Angle Measurement System 87
4.1 Sources of Errors in Angle Measurements, 87
4.2 Systematic Errors Eliminated by Measurement Process, 88
4.2.1 Horizontal Collimation (Line-of-Sight) Error, 89
4.2.2 Vertical Collimation (Index) Error, 90
4.2.3 Tilting (or Horizontal) Axis Error, 92
4.2.4 Compensator Index Error and Circle Graduation Error, 95
4.2.5 Eliminating Systematic Errors by Double-Centering:
Example, 96
4.3 Systematic Errors Eliminated by Adjustment Process, 98
4.3.1 Plummet Error, 98
4.3.2 Standing Axis Error, 99
4.3.3 Plate Bubble Error, 101
4.3.4 Atmospheric Refraction, 102
4.4 Summary of Systematic Error Elimination, 106
4.5 Random Error Estimation, 106
4.5.1 Pointing Error, 106
viii
CONTENTS
4.5.2 Reading Error, 108
4.5.2.1 Repetition Method, 109
4.5.2.2 Directional Method, 109
4.5.3 Instrument Leveling Error, 110
4.5.4 Instrument and Target Centering Errors, 112
4.5.5 Random Atmospheric Refraction Error, 115
4.5.6 Random Error Propagation for Angle Measurements, 115
4.5.6.1 Horizontal Direction Measurements, 115
4.5.6.2 Horizontal Angle Measurements, 116
4.5.6.3 Zenith (or Vertical) Angle Measurements, 117
4.5.7 Error Analysis of Azimuth Determination, 119
4.5.8 Check of Angular Closure of a Traverse, 121
4.6 Testing Procedure for Precision Theodolites, 123
4.6.1 Precision of Theodolite Based on Horizontal Direction
Measurements, 123
4.6.1.1 Precision Determination of Horizontal Direction
Measurement, 124
4.6.2 Precision of Theodolite Based on Zenith Angle
Measurements, 128
4.6.2.1 Precision Determination of Zenith Angle
Measurement, 128
Accuracy Analysis and Evaluation of Distance Measurement
System
5.1 Introduction, 133
5.2 General Properties of Waves, 134
5.2.1 Modulation of EM Waves, 137
5.3 Application of EM Waves to EDM, 138
5.3.1 EDM Pulse Measurement Principle, 138
5.3.2 EDM Phase Difference Measurement Principle, 139
5.3.3 Effects of Atmosphere on EDM Measurements, 143
5.3.3.1 Velocity Corrections to EDM Measurements, 148
5.33.2 Geometric Correction: Wave Path to Chord
Correction, 151
5.4 EDM Instrumental Errors, 153
5.5 EDM External Errors, 154
5.6 Random Error Propagation of EDM Distance Measurement, 155
5.6.1 Numerical Examples, 158
5.7 Calibration and Testing Procedures for EDM Instruments, 165
5.7.1 Observation and Data-Processing Methodology, 166
5.7.1.1 Temperature Sensor Types, 167
5.7.1.2 Atmospheric Pressure and Relative Humidity
Sensor Types, 168
EDM Baseline Designs, 168
133
5.7.2
CONTENTS
ix
5.73 EDM Calibration When Length of Baseline Is Known, 170
5.7.4 EDM Calibration When Length of Baseline Is Unknown, 175
5.7.4.1 System Constant Determination: Standard
Approach, 175
5.7.4.2 System Constant Determination: Modified
Standard Approach, 177
5.7.43 System Constant Determination: Approximate
Approach, 179
5.7.5 EDM Standardization, 179
5.7.5.1 EDM Standardization: Frequency Method, 180
5.7.6 Use of Calibration Parameters, 180
6 Accuracy Analysis and Evaluation of Elevation and Coordinate
Difference Measurement Systems 189
6.1 Introduction, 189
6.2 Pointing Error, 190
63 Reading/Rod Plumbing Error, 191
6.4 Leveling Error, 191
6.5 Collimation, Rod Scale, and Rod Index Errors, 192
6.6 Effects of Vertical Atmospheric Refraction and Earth Curvature, 193
6.7 Random Error Propagation for Elevation Difference
Measurements, 194
6.8 Testing Procedures for Leveling Equipment, 197
6.8.1 Precision Determination of Leveling Equipment, 199
6.9 Calibration of Coordinate Difference Measurement System
(GNSS Equipment), 203
6.9.1 GNSS Measurement Validation, 204
6.9.1.1 Basic Configuration of GNSS Validation
Networks, 205
6.9.2 GNSS Zero-Baseline Test, 206
6.9.3 GNSS Antennas Phase Center Variations, 207
6.9.4 Supplementary GNSS Equipment Calibration, 207
6.9.5 General Concerns on GNSS Equipment Calibration, 208
7 Survey Design and Analysis 209
7.1 Introduction, 209
7.2 Network Design, 211
7.2.1 Geodetic Network Design, 212
7.2.2 Design of GNSS Survey, 213
7.23 Design of Deformation Monitoring Scheme, 214
7.23.1 Accuracy Requirement, 215
7.23.2 Reliability Requirement, 217
7.2.33 Separability or Discriminability Requirement, 217
7.23.4 Cost-Effectiveness Requirement, 217
X
CONTENTS
7.3 Solution Approaches to Design Problems, 218
7.3.1 Simulation Steps for Network Design, 218
7.4 Network Adjustment and Analysis, 223
7.5 Angular Measurement Design Example, 223
7.6 Distance Measurement Design Example, 226
7.7 Traverse Measurement Design Examples, 227
7.8 Elevation Difference Measurement Design Example, 235
8 Three-Dimensional Coordinating Systems 237
8.1 Introduction, 23 8
8.1.1 Two-Dimensional Coordinate Reference Systems, 239
8.1.2 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Reference Systems, 240
8.1.2.1 Topographic Coordinate System, 242
8.2 Coordinate System for Three-Dimensional Coordinating
Systems, 243
8.3 Three-Dimensional Coordination with Global Navigation Satellite
System, 244
8.4 Three-Dimensional Coordination with Electronic Theodolites, 244
8.4.1 Coordinating Techniques, 244
8.4.2 Field Data Reductions, 246
8.4.3 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Determination, 248
8.4.4 Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Electronic Coordinating
Systems, 251
8.4.4.1 Effect of Equipment and Target Design, 252
8.4.4.2 Effect of Geometry of Measurement Scheme, 253
8.4.4.3 Effect of the Environment, 253
8.4.5 Analysis of Three-Dimensional Traverse Surveys, 253
8.4.5.1 Observables in Three-Dimensional Traverse
Surveys, 254
8.4.5.2 Data Processing and Analysis, 256
8.4.5.3 Effect of Correlation on Traverse Closure, 257
8.5 Three-Dimensional Coordination with Laser Systems, 258
8.5.1 Coordination with Airborne Laser Scanning System, 258
8.5.1.1 Accuracy Analysis of Airborne Laser Scanning
System, 259
8.5.2 Coordination with Terrestrial Laser Scanning System, 261
8.5.2.1 Georeferencing Problem, 262
8.5.2.2 Accuracy Analysis of Terrestrial Laser Scanning
System, 263
9 Deformation Monitoring and Analysis: Geodetic Techniques 267
9.1 Introduction, 268
9.1.1 Characteristics of Geodetic Monitoring Techniques, 270
CONTENTS
xi
9.1.2 Deformation Monitoring and Control Surveys, 272
9.1.3 Geodetic Monitoring Measurements and Error Sources, 272
9.2 Geodetic Deformation Monitoring Schemes and the Design
Approach, 273
9.3 Monumentation and Targeting, 278
9.3.1 Dam Slope and Crest Monuments and Targets, 282
9.3.2 Monuments for Subsidence Monitoring in Mining Area, 282
9.4 Horizontal Deformation Monitoring and Analysis, 284
9.4.1 Monitoring Techniques, 284
9.4.2 Observables and Data Preprocessing, 287
9.4.3 Monitoring-Data Processing Techniques, 291
9.4.3.1 Least Squares Adjustment of Single-Epoch
Measurements, 291
9.4.3.2 Free Network Adjustment Model, 293
9.4.3.3 Statistical Analysis of Single-Epoch
Measurements, 297
9.4.3.4 Deformation Estimation from Two-Epoch
Measurements, 299
9.4.3.5 Iterative Weighted Similarity Transformation, 302
9.4.4 Observation Differencing Adjustment Approach, 304
9.4.5 Geometrical Analysis of Deformation Measurements, 305
9.4.5.1 Statistical Trend Analysis of Deformations, 307
9.4.5.2 Graphical Trend Analysis of Deformations, 308
9.4.6 Examples: Deformation Monitoring and Analysis of
Hydroelectric Dams, 309
9.4.6.1 Simulated Dam Deformation Monitoring and
Analysis, 311
9.4.6.2 Dam Deformation Monitoring and Analysis in
Practice, 315
9.4.7 Deformation Monitoring of Slope Walls, 317
9.4.8 Deformation Monitoring of Tunnels, 321
9.5 Vertical Deformation Monitoring and Analysis, 322
9.5.1 Tilt, Strain, and Curvature Determination from Geodetic
Leveling, 324
10 Deformation Monitoring and Analysis: High-Definition Survey
and Remote Sensing Techniques 329
10.1 Introduction, 330
10.2 Laser Systems, 330
10.2.1 Properties of Laser, 330
10.2.1.1 Monochromatic Property of Laser, 331
10.2.1.2 Directional Property of Laser, 331
10.2.1.3 Coherency Property of Laser, 332
10.2.1.4 Output Intensity Property of Laser, 332
xii
CONTENTS
10.2.1.5 Degradation of Laser Properties, 332
10.2.1.6 Application of Laser, 333
10.2.2 Terrestrial Laser Scanners, 333
10.2.2.1 Measuring Techniques of Terrestrial Laser
Scanners, 333
10.2.2.2 Georeferencing Principles of Scanner Data, 334
10.2.2.3 Classification of Terrestrial Laser Scanners, 336
10.2.2.4 Procedures for Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Project, 336
10.2.2.5 Sources of Error in Terrestrial Laser Scanners, 340
10.2.2.6 Advantages and Limitations of Terrestrial Laser
Scanners, 342
1Q.2.2.7 Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in
Deformation Monitoring, 344
10.2.2.8 Propagated Error for Computed Deformations, 350
10.3 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Technologies, 350
10.3.1 Concepts of Synthetic Aperture Radar, 350
10.3.2 Basic Principles of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture
Radar, 353
10.3.3 InSAR Data Processing Overview, 358
10.3.4 Persistent or Permanent Scatterer InSAR Technique, 364
10.3.5 Artificial Scatterer or Comer Reflector InSAR
Technique, 365
10.3.6 Limitations of InSAR Techniques, 366
10.3.7 Applications of InSAR Techniques, 367
10.3.8 Ground-Based InSAR (GB-InSAR) Techniques, 368
10.3.8.1 Examples of SAR Systems: IBIS-L and
IBIS-FS, 371
10.3.8.2 Examples of Real-Beam Aperture Radar Systems:
SSR and MSR 300, 373
10.3.8.3 Example: Fast Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture
Radar (FastGBSAR), 373
10.3.8.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of GB-InSAR
Techniques, 374
10.4 Comparison of Laser (LiDAR) and Radar (InSAR)
Technologies, 376
11 Deformation Monitoring and Analysis: Geotechnical and Structural
Techniques 377
11.1 Introduction, 378
11.2 Overview of Geotechnical and Structural Instrumentation, 380
11.2.1 Extensometers, 380
11.2.1.1 Rod Extensometers, 383
11.2.1.2 Tape Extensometers, 387
CONTENTS
Xlll
11.2.2 Four-Pin Gauges, 389
11.2.3 Joint Meters, 390
11.2.4 Plumb Lines, 390
11.2.4.1 Suspended (or Weighted) Plumb Lines, 393
11.2.4.2 Inverted Plumblines, 396
11.2.5 Inclinometers, 399
11.2.6 Tiltmeters, 405
11.2.7 Fiber-Optic Sensors, 406
11.2.7.1 Basic Principle, 407
11.2.7.2 Partially Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors, 407
11.2.7.3 Long-Base Fiber-Optic Sensors, 409
11.2.7.4 Fully Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors, 411
11.2.8 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Sensors, 412
11.2.8.1 Example of MEMS Sensor: Shape Accel Array
(SAA) Sensor, 413
11.3 Design of Geotechnical and Structural Monitoring Schemes, 419
11.4 Analysis of Geotechnical Measurements, 422
11.4.1 Analysis of Extensometer Measurements, 424
11.4.1.1 Calibration Aspects of Rod and Tape
Extensometers, 428
11.4.1.2 Borehole Rod Extensometer Measurements, 429
11.4.1.3 Tape Extensometer Measurements, 430
11.4.2 Analysis of Joint Meter Measurements, 431
11.4.3 Analysis of Plumbline Measurements, 432
11.4.4 Analysis of Tiltmeter Measurements, 433
11.4.5 Numerical Examples, 435
11.5 Integrated Deformation Monitoring System, 437
12 Mining Surveying 441
12.1 Introduction, 442
12.1.1 Survey Standards and Procedures for Mine Surveys, 444
12.1.1.1 Typical Survey Markers in the Mines, 445
12.2 Mining Terminology, 445
12.3 Horizontal Mine Orientation Surveys, 446
12.3.1 Direct Traversing Technique, 447
12.3.2 Mechanical Technique, 448
12.3.2.1 Orientation Transfer with Two Wires in a Single
Vertical Shaft, 449
12.3.2.2 Orientation Transfer with Two or More Vertical
Shafts, 462
12.3.3 Orientation Transfer Using Optical Method, 463
12.3.3.1 Using Laser Plummet, 464
12.3.3.2 Using Zenith Plummet, 465
12.3.3.3 Using Theodolite and Plummet, 466
xiv
CONTENTS
12.3.4 Orientation Transfer by Gyro Azimuth, 467
12.3.4.1 Gyrotheodolite/Gyro Station Equipment, 467
12.3.4.2 Preorientation of Gyrotheodolite, 469
12.3.4.3 Precise Methods of Gyro Orientation, 470
12.3.4.4 Azimuth Determination with the Gyro Station
GP3X Equipment, 475
12.3.4.5 Use of Gyro Equipment in Underground
Mines, 480
12.4 Transferring Levels or Heights Underground, 483
12.4.1 Height Transfer with EDM, 483
12.4.2 Height Transfer with Measuring Tape, 485
12.4.3 Height Transfer in Shallow Shafts, 486
12.4.4 Typical Corrections Applied to Measurements in Height
Transfer, 486
12.5 Volume Determination in Mines, 491
13 TYmneling Surveys 495
13.1 Introduction, 495
13.2 Basic Elements and Methods of Tunneling Surveys, 496
13.3 Main Sources of Error in Tunneling Surveys, 500
13.4 Horizontal Design and Simulation of Tunneling Surveys, 503
13.5 Vertical Design and Simulation of Tunneling Surveys, 508
13.5.1 Design of Surface Vertical Control Network, 509
13.5.2 Design of Underground Vertical Control Network, 510
13.5.3 Vertical Breakthrough Analysis, 510
13.6 Numerical Example: Horizontal Breakthrough Analysis, 512
13.6.1 Surface Network Analysis, 513
13.6.1.1 Results of the Surface Survey Analysis, 514
13.6.2 Underground Network Analysis, 515
13.6.2.1 Results of the Underground Survey Analysis, 516
13.7 Examples of Tunneling Surveys, 516
13.7.1 Transportation Tunneling Surveys: Rogers Pass Tunnel in
Canada, 516
13.7.2 Transportation Tunneling Surveys: The Channel Tunnel
in Europe, 517
13.7.3 Tunneling Surveys for Scientific Research: SSC Project in
Texas, USA, 519
13.8 Analysis of Underground Traverse Surveys, 520
13.8.1 Analysis of Underground Traverse Surveys: Numerical
Example, 522
13.8.2 Gyro Orientation of Underground Surveys: Numerical
Example, 523
CONTENTS
XV
14 Precision Alignment Surveys
14.1 Introduction, 527
14.2 Direct Laser Alignment Technique, 530
14.3 Conventional Surveying Techniques of Alignment, 530
14.3.1 Traversing Method of Alignment, 531
14.3.1.1 Closed Traverse, 531
14.3.1.2 Fitted (or Open) Traverse, 532
14.3.1.3 Separate-Point-Included-Angle Traverse, 532
14.3.2 Alignment with Three-Dimensional Electronic
Coordinating System, 533
14.3.2.1 Measurement of Reference Micro-Network, 535
14.3.2.2 Measurement of Object Micro-Network, 535
14.3.2.3 Notes on Alignment of Underground Nuclear
Accelerators, 537
14.4 Optical-Tooling Techniques, 538
14.4.1 Optical-Tooling Instruments, 540
14.4.1.1 Special Instrument Stand and Precision Lateral
Adjuster, 540
14.4.1.2 Alignment Telescope, 540
14.4.1.3 Jig Transit, 542
14.4.1.4 Optical Micrometer and Optical-Tooling
Scale, 545
14.4.1.5 Precise Leveling Instrument, 547
14.4.1.6 Optical-Tooling Targets, 548
14.4.1.7 Other Optical-Tooling Equipment, 549
14.4.2 Collimation, Autocollimation, and Auto-Reflection, 550
14.4.2.1 Collimation and Autocollimation, 550
14.4.2.2 Auto-Reflection, 551
14.4.3 Basic Optical-Tooling Operations, 553
14.4.4 Optical-Tooling Example, 555
14.4.4.1 Horizontal Alignment, 555
14.4.4.2 Vertical Alignment, 558
14.5 Metrology by Laser Interferometer Systems, 559
14.5.1 Doppler Effects and Interferometer Systems, 559
14.5.2 Interferometry Principle, 560
14.5.2.1 Accuracy Limitation Factors, 561
14.5.3 Interferometer Systems and Alignment Principles, 562
14.5.3.1 Angular Measurement with Interferometer, 563
14.5.3.2 Straightness Measurement with
Interferometer, 564
14.6 Alignment by Polar Measurement Systems, 565
14.6.1 Laser Trackers, 565
14.6.1.1 Tracker Measurement Head, 566
14.6.1.2 Tracker Controller with System Software, 566
527
xvi
CONTENTS
14.6.1.3 Remote Power Unit and Other Accessories, 567
14.6.1.4 Tracker Observables and Measurements, 568
14.6.2 High-Precision Industrial Total Stations, 570
14.6.3 Coherent Laser Radar System, 572
14.7 Main Sources of Error in Alignment Surveys, 573
Appendix I: Extracts From Baarda’s Nomogram 575
Appendix II: Commonly used Statistical Tables 577
Appendix III: Tau Distribution Table for Significance Level a 581
Appendix IV: Important Units 587
References 589
Index 607
A comprehensive overview of high-precision surveying, including
recent developments in geomatics and their applications
This book covers advanced precision surveying techniques, their proper use in
engineering and geoscience projects, and their importance in the detailed analysis and
evaluation of surveying projects. The early chapters review the fundamentals of precision
surveying; the types of surveys; survey observations; standards and specifications; and
accuracy assessments for angle, distance, and position difference measurement systems.
The book also covers network design and 3-D coordinating systems before discussing
specialized topics such as structural and ground deformation monitoring techniques and
analysis, mining surveys, tunneling surveys, and alignment surveys.
Precision Surveying: The Principles and Geomatics Practice:
• Covers structural and ground deformation monitoring analysis, advanced techniques
in mining and tunneling surveys, and high-precision alignment of engineering
structures
• Discusses the standards and specifications available for geomatics projects, including
their representations, interpretations, relationships with quality assurance/quality
control measures, and their use in geomatics projects
• Describes network design and simulation, including error analysis and budgeting
• Explains the main properties of high-precision surveys with regard to basic survey
procedures and different traditional measurement techniques
• Analyzes survey observables such as angle, distance, elevation difference, and
coordinate difference measurements, and the relevant equipment, including the
testing and utilization of the equipment
• Provides several case studies and real-world examples
Precision Surveying: The Principles and Geomatics Practice is written for upper
undergraduate students and graduate students in the fields of surveying and geomatics.
This textbook is also a resource for geomatics researchers, geomatics software developers,
and practicing surveyors and engineers interested in precision surveys.
John Olusegun Ogundare, PhD, has more than thirty years of experience in the field of
geomatics. He has been working as instructor of geomatics technology for about twenty
years at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), Canada. Dr. Ogundare has
served as a consultant to the Canadian Council of Land Surveyors (CCLS) in 2007 and 2009
and is a representative of the Canadian Board of Examiners for Professional Surveyors
(CBEPS) Board of Directors and the CBEPS Exemptions and Accreditation Committee.
Dr. Ogundare has been a special examiner for CBEPS on Coordinate systems, Map
projections, and Cartography for more than eight years.
ISBN 978-1-119-10251-9
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ogundare, John Olusegun |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1170927564 |
| author_facet | Ogundare, John Olusegun |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ogundare, John Olusegun |
| author_variant | j o o jo joo |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043274744 |
| classification_rvk | RB 10104 RB 10208 RB 10232 ZI 9560 |
| classification_tum | GEO 007f BAU 970f GEO 304f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952130772 (DE-599)DNB1075925746 |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Bauingenieurwesen Vermessungswesen Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043274744 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:22:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781119102519 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028696275 |
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| physical | xxvi, 619 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
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| publisher | Wiley |
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| spelling | Ogundare, John Olusegun Verfasser (DE-588)1170927564 aut Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice John Olusegun Ogundare, Ph.D. Hoboken, New Jersey Wiley [2016] © 2016 xxvi, 619 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geoinformation (DE-588)4429674-5 gnd rswk-swf Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformatik (DE-588)7571300-7 gnd rswk-swf Präzisionsmessung (DE-588)4175566-2 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformation (DE-588)4429674-5 s Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 s Präzisionsmessung (DE-588)4175566-2 s DE-604 Geoinformatik (DE-588)7571300-7 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028696275&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028696275&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Ogundare, John Olusegun Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice Geoinformation (DE-588)4429674-5 gnd Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd Geoinformatik (DE-588)7571300-7 gnd Präzisionsmessung (DE-588)4175566-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4429674-5 (DE-588)4063048-1 (DE-588)7571300-7 (DE-588)4175566-2 |
| title | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice |
| title_auth | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice |
| title_exact_search | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice |
| title_full | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice John Olusegun Ogundare, Ph.D. |
| title_fullStr | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice John Olusegun Ogundare, Ph.D. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice John Olusegun Ogundare, Ph.D. |
| title_short | Precision surveying |
| title_sort | precision surveying the principles and geomatics practice |
| title_sub | the principles and geomatics practice |
| topic | Geoinformation (DE-588)4429674-5 gnd Vermessung (DE-588)4063048-1 gnd Geoinformatik (DE-588)7571300-7 gnd Präzisionsmessung (DE-588)4175566-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geoinformation Vermessung Geoinformatik Präzisionsmessung |
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