Substation automation systems: design and implementation
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom
Wiley
2016
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 251 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781118987209 |
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| adam_text | Substation Automation Systems
Design and Implementation
Evelio Padilla Eleunion C.A., Caracas, Venezuela
Substation Automation Systems: Design and Implementation aims to close
the gap created by fast changing technologies impacting on a series of legacy
principles related to how substation secondary systems are conceived and
implemented. It is intended to help those who have to define and implement
Substation Automation Systems (SASs), whilst also conforming to the current
industry best practice standards.
Key features:
• Project-oriented approach to all practical aspects of SAS design and
project development.
• Uniquely focuses on the rapidly changing control aspect of substation
design, using novel communication technologies and lEDs (Intelligent
Electronic Devices).
• Covers the complete chain of SAS components and related
equipment instead of purely concentrating on lEDs and
communication networks.
• Discusses control and monitoring facilities for auxiliary power
systems.
• Contributes significantly to the understanding of the Standard IEC
61850, which is viewed as a black box for a significant number of
professionals around the world.
• Explains Standard IEC 61850 - Communication networks and systems
for power utility automation - to support all new systems networked
to perform control, monitoring, automation, metering and protection
functions.
Written for practical application, this book is a valuable resource for professionals
operating within different SAS project stages including the specification process,
contracting process, design and engineering process, integration process, testing
process and the operation and maintenance process.
ISBN 978-1-118-98720-9
Contents
ft
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Historical Evolution of Substation Automation Systems (SASs) 1
1.1 Emerging Communication Technologies 4
1.1.1 Serial Communication 4
1.1.2 Local Area Network 4
1.2 Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) 5
1.2.1 Functional Relays 5
1.2.2 Integrated Digital Units 5
1.3 Networking Media 5
1.3.1 Fiber-Optic Cables 5
1.3.2 Network Switches 5
1.4 Communication Standards 6
1.4.1 IEC Standard 61850 (Communication Networks and Systems
for Power Utility Automation) 6
1.4.2 IEEE Standard 802.3 (Ethernet) 6
Further Reading 8
2 Main Functions of Substation Automation Systems 9
2.1 Control Function 14
2.2 Monitoring Function 15
2.3 Alarming Function 16
2.4 Measurement Function 17
2.5 Setting and Monitoring of Protective Relays 17
2.6 Control and Monitoring of the Auxiliary Power System 17
2.7 Voltage Regulation 18
Further Reading 18
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Impact of the EEC 61850 Standard on SAS Projects
3.1 Impact on System Implementation Philosophy
3.2 Impact on User Specification
3.3 Impact on the Overall Procurement Process
3.4 Impact on the Engineering Process
3.5 Impact on Project Execution
3.6 Impact on Utility Global Strategies
3.7 The Contents of the Standard
3.8 Dealing with the Standard
Further Reading
Switchyard Level, Equipment and Interfaces
4.1 Primary Equipment
4. 1.1 Switchgear
4AAA Circuit Breaker
4A A. 2 Disconnector
4 A A.3 Earthing Switch
4A.2 Instrument Transformers
4A.2A Voltage Transformer
4.1.2.2 Current Transformer
4A.3 Power Transformers
4.1.4 Other Primary Equipment
4.2 Medium and Low Voltage Components
4.3 Electrical Connections between Primary Equipment
4.3A Incoming Circuits
4.3.2 Outgoing Circuits
4.3.3 The “Bay” Concept
4.4 Substation Physical Layout
4.5 Control Requirements at Switchyard Level
Further Reading
Bay Level: Components and Incident Factors
5.1 Environmental and Operational Factors
5.1.1 Lightning Strike
5.1.2 Switching Transients
5A.2.1 Disconnector Operation
5.1.2.2 Circuit Breaker Operation
5.1.3 Electromagnetic Disturbance Phenomenon
5.1.4 Lightning Protection Practices
5.1.5 Typical Earthing Systems
5.1.6 Measures to Minimize Electromagnetic Effects
5.2 Insulation Considerations in the Secondary System
5.3 Switchyard Control Rooms
5.4 Attributes of Control Cubicles
5.4.1 Constructive Features
5.4.2 Earthquake Withstand Capability
5.4.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility
Contents
vii
5.5 The Bay Controller (BC) 60
5.6 Other Bay Level Components 61
5.7 Process Bus 62
Further Reading 63
6 Station Level: Facilities and Functions 65
6.1 Main Control House 65
6.2 Station Controller 67
6.3 Human Machine Interface HMI 68
6.3.1 Start-Up Screen 69
6.3.2 Main Box Screen 69
6.3.3 Users Administrator Screen 69
6.3.4 Primary Circuit Screen (Process Screen) 71
6.3.5 SAS Scheme Screen 71
6.3.6 Event List Screen 71
6.3.7 Alarm List Screen 12
6.4 External Alarming 73
6.5 Time Synchronization Facility 74
6.6 Protocol Conversion Task 74
6.6.1 Briefing on Digital Communication Protocols 75
6.6.2 Premises for Developing Protocol Conversion 76
6.7 Station Bus 77
6.8 Station LAN 77
Further Reading 77
7 System Functionalities 79
7.1 Control Function 79
7.1.1 Control of Primary Switchgear 81
7.1.1.1 Symbols, Colors and Appearance Representing
Primary Switchgear 81
7.LI.2 Switching Command Implementation 81
7.1.1.3 Supervision of Circuit Breaker Trip Circuit 82
7.1.2 Check of Voltage Synchronization (Synchrocheck) 82
7.1.3 Checking Operative Constraint 83
7.1.3.1 Checking of Interlocking Conditions 83
7.1.3.2 Checking of Blocking Conditions 84
7.1.4 Voltage Regulation Task 84
7.1.5 Parallel Working of Power Transformers 85
7.1.6 Operation of Secondary Components 85
7.1.7 Facilities for Operation under Emergency Conditions 86
7.2 Monitoring Function 86
7.2.1 Event Handling 86
7.2.2 External Disturbance Recording 87
7.2.3 Alarming Management 87
7.3 Protection Function 88
7.4 Measuring Function 89
viii
Contents
7.5 Metering Function 89
7.6 Report Generation Function 89
7.7 Device Parameterization Function 90
Further Reading 90
8 System Inputs and Outputs 91
8.1 Signals Associated with Primary Equipment 91
8.1.1 Switchgear 91
8.1.1.1 Signals Associated with Circuit Breakers 91
8.1.1.2 Signals Associated with Disconnectors 92
8.1.1.3 Signals Associated with Earthing Switches 92
8.1.2 Instrument Transformers 92
8.1.2.1 Signals Associated with Voltage Transformers 92
8.1.2.2 Signals Associated with Current Transformers 95
8.1.3 Power Transformers 95
8.2 Signals Associated with the Auxiliary Power System 95
8.2.1 Signals Associated with MV Circuit Breakers 95
8.2.2 Signals Associated with MV Distribution Transformers 91
8.2.3 Signals Associated with LV Circuit Breakers 91
8.2.4 Signals Associated with Distribution Center “A ” 98
8.2.5 Signals Associated with Distribution Center “B” 98
8.2.6 Signals Associated with AC Distribution Cubicles
for Essential Loads 98
8.2.7 Signals Associated with Diesel Generators 100
8.2.8 Signals Associated with AC Distribution Cubicles
for Nonessential Loads 100
8.2.9 Signals Associated with DC Transfer Switches 101
8.2.10 Signals Associated with DC Distribution Cubicles 101
8.2.11 Signals Associated with Each Voltage Level of Batteries
and Chargers 101
8.3 Signals Associated with Collateral Systems 102
9 System Engineering 103
9.1 Overall System Engineering 103
9.1.1 System General Concept 104
9.1.2 System Topology 104
9.1.3 Opportune Clarifications 105
9.1.4 Premises for Engineering Work 107
9.1.5 Signals Lists 109
9.1.5.1 Signals List Related to the Bay Controller 110
9.1.5.2 Signals List Related to Bay Controller of the Auxiliary
Power System 110
9.1.5.3 Signals List Related to the Station Controller 110
9.1.5.4 Signals List for Communication with the NCC 110
9.1.5.5 Point to Point Signals List (For Each Bay) 110
9.1.5.6 Signals Lists Related to Equipment and Systems 111
9.2 Bay Level Engineering 111
Contents
ix
9.3 Station Level Engineering 112
9.3.1 Engineering Related to the Station Controller 113
9.3.1.1 Definition and Implementation of the Station Level
Database (Process Database) 113
9.3.1.2 Implementation of Redundant Solutions 114
9.3.2 Engineering Related to the Human Machine Interface 114
9.3.2.1 General Design Principles 115
9.3.2.2 Typical Screens 115
9.3.23 Operative Features 116
9.4 Functionalities Engineering 116
9.4.1 Interlocking Engineering 116
9.4.2 Voltage Regulation Engineering 117
9.4.3 Protection Engineering 117
9.4.4 Metering Engineering 117
9.4.5 Disturbance Recording Engineering 117
9.4.6 System Self-Monitoring Engineering 118
9.5 Auxiliary Power System Engineering 118
9.5.1 Design Concept 118
9.5.2 AC Voltage Distribution 118
9.5.3 DC Voltage Distribution 119
9.5.4 Batteries and Chargers 119
9.5.5 Medium Voltage Switchgear 119
9.5.6 Automatic Transfer Switches 119
9.6 Project Drawings List 120
9.7 The SAS Engineering Process from the Standard IEC 61850 Perspective 120
Further Reading 120
10 Communication with the Remote Control Center 123
10.1 Communication Pathway 123
10.2 Brief on Digital Communication 123
10.2.1 The OSI Reference Model 124
10.2.2 The IEC Enhanced Performance Architecture Model 127
10.3 Overview of the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) 127
10.3.1 The Device Profile Document 128
10.3.2 The DNP3 Implementation Level 128
10.3.3 The DNP3 Implementation Document 128
Further Reading 129
11 System Attributes 131
11.1 System Concept 131
11.2 Network Topology 132
11.3 Redundancy Options 134
11.4 Quality Attributes 135
11.4.1 System Reliability and Availability 135
11.4.1.1 Considerations of the Standards 136
11.4.1.2 Example of an Availability Calculation 136
11.4.2 System Maintainability and Security 138
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11.5 Provisions for Extendibility in Future
11.6 Cyber-Security Considerations
11.7 SAS Performance Requirements
Further Reading
Tests on SAS Components
12.1 Type Tests
12.1.1 Basic Characteristics Tests
12.1.2 Functional Tests
12.2 Acceptance Tests
12.3 Tests for Checking the Compliance with the Standard IEC 61850
Further Reading
Factory Acceptance Tests
13.1 Test Arrangement
13.2 System Simulator
13.3 Hardware Description
13.4 Software Identification
13.5 Test Instruments
13.6 Documentation to be Available
13.7 Checking System Features
13.7.1 Checking Basic Features
13.7.2 Checking Power Circuit Screens
13.7.3 Checking the SAS Scheme Screen
13.7.4 Checking Reports Screens (Each Type)
13.7.5 Checking Measurement Screens
13.7.6 Checking Time Synchronization Facilities
13.7.7 Checking of Self-Supervision Functions
13.7.8 Checking Peripheral Devices
13.7.9 Checking Collateral Subsystems
13.7.10 Checking Redundant Functionalities
13.8 Planned Testing Program for FAT
13.8.1 System Behavior in an Avalanche Condition
13.8.2 System Performance
13.8.3 Test of the Time Synchronization Mechanism
13.8.4 Test of Event Buffer Capability
13.8.5 Interlocking Logics
13.8.6 Synchronization Features
13.8.7 Operational Logic of Transfer Switch
13.8.8 Tests on the Communication Link for Technical Service
13.9 Nonstructured FATs
13.10 After FATs
Further Reading
Commissioning Process
14.1 Hardware Description
14.2 Software Identification
Contents
xi
14.3 Test Instruments 157
14.4 Required Documentation 157
14.5 Engineering Tools 157
14.6 Spare Parts 157
14.7 Planned Commissioning Tests 158
14.7.1 System Start- Up 158
14.7.2 Displaying and Exploring the Main Menu Screen 158
14.7.3 Displaying and Dealing with Single-Line Diagrams 158
14.7.4 Displaying and Dealing with the SAS Scheme Screen 159
14.7.5 Displaying and Dealing with Report Screens 160
14.7.6 Displaying and Dealing with Measurement Screens 160
14.7.7 Displaying and Exploring the Alarm List Screen 160
14.7.8 Displaying and Exploring the Event List Screen 161
14.7.9 Checking Peripheral Components 161
14.7.10 Checking the Time Synchronization Mechanism 161
14.7.11 Testing Communication with the Remote Control Center 161
14.7.12 Checking System Performance 161
14.7.13 Testing Functional Performance 162
14.8 Nonstructured Commissioning Tests 162
14.9 List of Pending Points 162
14.10 Re-Commissioning 163
Further Reading 163
15 Training Strategies for Power Utilities 165
15.1 Project-Related Training 166
15.1.1 Station Level Module 166
15.1.2 Bay Level Module 167
15.1.3 Process Level Module 169
15.2 Corporate Training 169
15.2.1 General Purpose Knowledge 169
15.2.2 Learning from the Standard IEC 61850 171
15.2.3 Dealing with Engineering Tools 172
Further Reading 173
16 Planning and Development of SAS Projects 175
16.1 System Specification 176
16.2 Contracting Process 176
16.3 Definition of the Definitive Solution 178
16.4 Design and Engineering 178
16.5 System Integration 179
16.6 Factory Acceptance Tests 179
16.7 Site Installation 180
16.8 Commissioning Process 180
16.9 Project Management 181
16.10 Security Issues 182
16.10.1 Environmental Security 182
16.10.2 Electromagnetic Security 183
xii
Contents
16.10.3 Physical Security 183
16.10.4 Information Security 183
16.10.5 Software Security 184
16.11 Documentation and Change Control 184
Further Reading 185
17 Quality Management for SAS Projects 187
17.1 Looking for Quality in Component Capabilities and Manufacturing 188
17.1.1 The Dilemma with Respect to Type Tests 188
17.1.2 The Importance of Factory Conformance Tests 189
17.2 Looking for Quality during the Engineering Stage 189
17.3 Looking for Quality in the Cubicle Assembly Stage 191
17.4 Looking for Quality during FAT 192
17.5 Looking for Quality during Installation and Commissioning 192
17.6 Use of Appropriate Device Documentation 192
Further Reading 196
18 SAS Engineering Process According to Standard IEC 61850 197
18.1 SCL Files 197
18.2 Engineering Tools 198
18.3 Engineering Process 199
Further Reading 202
19 Future Technological Trends 203
19.1 Toward the Full Digital Substation 203
19.1.1 Horizontal Communication as per IEC 61850
(GOOSE Messaging) 203
19.1.2 Unconventional Instrument Transfotmers 204
19.1.3 Process Bus as Defined by IEC 61850-9-2 204
19.2 Looking for New Testing Strategies on SAS Schemes 204
19.3 Wide Area Control and Monitoring Based on the IEC/TR 61850-90-5 205
19.4 Integration of IEC 61850 Principles into Innovative Smart
Grid Solutions 206
Further Reading 206
Appendix A - Samples of Equipment and System Signal Lists 207
A.l Signals List Related to Circuit Breakers (Each One) 207
A.2 Signals List Related to Collateral Devices 208
A.3 Signals List Related to the Auxiliary Power System 209
A. 4 Signals List Related to the SAS Itself 210
Appendix B - Project Drawing List: Titles and Contents 211
B. 1 General Interest Drawings 211
B.2 Electromechanical Drawings (High Voltage Equipment and Control Facilities) 213
Contents
xiii
B.3 Electromechanical Drawings (Control, Protection, Measurement
and Communications) 215
B. 4 Electromechanical Drawings (Auxiliary Power System) 223
Appendix C - Essential Tips Related to Networking Technology 231
C. 1 Computer Network 231
C.1.1 Data 232
C.1.1.1 Meaning of Data, Information and Knowledge 232
C. 1.1.2 Data Modeling 233
C. 1.1.3 DataType 234
C. 1.1.4 Network Packet 234
C.2 Network Topology 235
C.2.1 Network Links 235
C. 2.1.1 Wired Technologies 235
C.2.1.2 Wireless Technologies 235
C.2.2 Network Nodes 235
C.2.3 Network Interface Controllers 236
C.2.4 Repeaters and Hubs 236
C.2.5 Bridges 236
C.2.6 Switches 236
C.2.7 Routers 236
C.2.8 Modems 236
C.3 Network Structure 237
C.3.1 Common Network Layouts 237
C.4 Communication Protocols 237
C.4.1 Ethernet 237
C.4.2 The Internet Protocol Suite 238
C.4.3 SONET/SDH 238
C.4.4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 238
C.4.5 Basic Requirements of Protocols 239
C.5 Geographical Scale of Network 240
C.5.1 Local Area Network 240
C.5.2 Backbone Network 240
C, 5.3 Wide Area Network 241
C.5.4 Intranet 241
C.5.5 Extranet 241
C.6 Internetwork 241
C.6.1 Internet 241
C.6.2 Routing 242
C.6.3 Network Service 242
C.6.4 Network Performance 243
C.6.4.1 Quality of Service 243
C.6.4.2 Network Congestion 243
C.6.4.3 Network Resilience 243
xiv Contents
C.6.5 Security Measures in Networks 243
C.6.5.1 Network Security 243
C. 6.5.2 Network Surveillance 244
C.6.5.3 End-to-End Encryption 244
C. 6.6 Views of the Network 244
C.7 Network Structure 245
C.8 Communication System 245
C.9 Object-Oriented Programming 245
C10 Programming Tool or Software Development Tool 246
Index
247
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Padilla, Evelio |
| author_facet | Padilla, Evelio |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Padilla, Evelio |
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| bvnumber | BV043273518 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TK1751 |
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| callnumber-sort | TK 41751 |
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| classification_rvk | ZN 8520 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)936351818 (DE-599)BVBBV043273518 |
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| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
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| dewey-raw | 621.31/26 |
| dewey-search | 621.31/26 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.31 226 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043273518 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:22:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781118987209 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 015023472 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028695078 |
| oclc_num | 936351818 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | xx, 251 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Padilla, Evelio Verfasser aut Substation automation systems design and implementation Evelio Padilla, Eleunion C.A., Caracas, Venezuela Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom Wiley 2016 xx, 251 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Electric substations Automatic control Stromverteilung (DE-588)4183760-5 gnd rswk-swf Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd rswk-swf Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd rswk-swf Verteilungsnetz (DE-588)4279392-0 gnd rswk-swf Automation (DE-588)4003957-2 gnd rswk-swf Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd rswk-swf Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 s Stromverteilung (DE-588)4183760-5 s Verteilungsnetz (DE-588)4279392-0 s Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 s DE-604 Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 s Automation (DE-588)4003957-2 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028695078&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028695078&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Padilla, Evelio Substation automation systems design and implementation Electric substations Automatic control Stromverteilung (DE-588)4183760-5 gnd Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Verteilungsnetz (DE-588)4279392-0 gnd Automation (DE-588)4003957-2 gnd Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4183760-5 (DE-588)4014736-8 (DE-588)7708028-2 (DE-588)4279392-0 (DE-588)4003957-2 (DE-588)4121178-9 |
| title | Substation automation systems design and implementation |
| title_auth | Substation automation systems design and implementation |
| title_exact_search | Substation automation systems design and implementation |
| title_full | Substation automation systems design and implementation Evelio Padilla, Eleunion C.A., Caracas, Venezuela |
| title_fullStr | Substation automation systems design and implementation Evelio Padilla, Eleunion C.A., Caracas, Venezuela |
| title_full_unstemmed | Substation automation systems design and implementation Evelio Padilla, Eleunion C.A., Caracas, Venezuela |
| title_short | Substation automation systems |
| title_sort | substation automation systems design and implementation |
| title_sub | design and implementation |
| topic | Electric substations Automatic control Stromverteilung (DE-588)4183760-5 gnd Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Intelligentes Stromnetz (DE-588)7708028-2 gnd Verteilungsnetz (DE-588)4279392-0 gnd Automation (DE-588)4003957-2 gnd Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz (DE-588)4121178-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Electric substations Automatic control Stromverteilung Energieversorgung Intelligentes Stromnetz Verteilungsnetz Automation Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetz |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028695078&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028695078&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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