Product lifecycle management: 2 The devil is in the details
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham [u.a.]
Springer
2016
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| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Decision Engineering
Decision Engineering |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 634 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783319244341 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Product lifecycle management |n 2 |p The devil is in the details |c John Stark |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Decision Engineering | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Decision Engineering | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175710826266624 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 Product Lifecycle Management...................................... 1
1.1 Overview.................................................... 1
1.2 What Is PLM?................................................ 2
1.2.1 High-Level Objective of PLM........................ 2
1.2.2 Activities of PLM.................................. 2
1.2.3 A Joined-up, Holistic Approach..................... 3
1.2.4 Generic Product Lifecycle Phases................... 3
1.2.5 PLM, Managing the Product Across
the Lifecycle....................................... 4
1.2.6 Managing the Product from Dawn to Dusk............. 4
1.3 PLM~֊With What Resources?................................... 5
1.3.1 The PLM Grid....................................... 5
1.3.2 Managing the Ten Components of the PLM Grid. . . 6
1.4 Why PLM?................................................... 12
1.4.1 There Is no Alternative........................... 12
1.4.2 The Complex Environment of Products............... 13
1.4.3 Horror Story...................................... 15
1.4.4 Opportunities..................................... 16
1.4.5 Benefits................................... 17
1.5 When PLM?.................................................. 18
1.5.1 When Did PLM Emerge?.............................. 18
1.5.2 When Did Companies Get Started with PLM?....... 18
1.5.3 When Do Companies Start a PLM Initiative?...... 19
1.6 Where PLM?................................................. 19
1.6.1 Where Is PLM Used, in Which Industries?........... 19
1.6.2 Where Is PLM Used, in What Size
of Company?........................................ 20
1.6.3 Where Is PLM Used, for What Type
of Products?....................................... 20
1.6.4 Where Is PLM Used, in What Type
of Company?........................................ 20
ix
x Contents
1.6.5 Where Did Companies Start with PLM?............. 20
1.6.6 Where Will Companies Continue with PLM?......... 21
1.7 Who PLM?.................................................... 21
1.7.1 Top Management Role................................ 21
1.7.2 Everybody in the Company with a Product-Related
Activity............ ........................... . 22
1.7.3 The PLM Initiative Team............................ 23
1.8 How PLM?.................................................... 24
1.8.1 The PLM Initiative................................. 25
1.8.2 Different Approach, Different Result............... 26
1.8.3 The Feasibility Study.............................. 27
1.8.4 Understanding the In-Scope Current Situation.... 28
1.8.5 Developing the Future PLM Strategy................. 30
1.8.6 Developing the PLM Implementation Strategy
and Plan........................................... 31
1.8.7 Documenting the PLM Implementation Plan............ 34
2 Product Lifecycle Management..................................... 37
2.1 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM).......................... 37
2.2 Managing the Product Isn’t Easy............................. 37
2.3 Loss of Control. ........................................... 38
2.4 Sources of Problems......................................... 40
2.5 Opportunities of Globalisation.............................. 41
2.6 The Environment Before PLM.................................. 42
2.7 PLM Paradigm................................................ 43
2.8 PLM Grid.................................................... 44
2.9 Starting the PLM Initiative................................. 44
3 Complex and Changing Environment........................... . 47
3.1 Changes and Interconnections................................ 47
3.1.1 Interconnections................................... 48
3.2 Macroeconomic and Geopolitical Changes...................... 48
3.2.1 Globalisation...................................... 48
3.2.2 Geopolitical Developments.......................... 50
3.2.3 New Customer Requirements.......................... 51
3.2.4 The Emergence of Global Products................... 52
3.2.5 Shareholder Value.................................. 52
3.2.6 Market Mentality................................... 53
3.2.7 Deregulation....................................... 54
3.2.8 Regulation and Compliance......................... 54
3.2.9 Traceability....................................... 56
3.2.10 Education and Training............................. 56
3.2.11 Workforce Age Distribution......................... 57
3.2.12 Free Trade......................................... 57
Contents xi
33 Environmental and Social Changes.............................. 58
33.1 Social and Health Issues............................. 58
33.2 Environmental and Sustainable Development............ 59
33.3 Role of Women in Business............................ 60
3.4 Corporate Changes............................................. 60
3.4.1 Changing Business Models............................. 60
3.4.2 New Company Structures............................... 61
3.43 Business Process Reengineering....................... 64
3.4.4 Corporate Theories................................... 64
3.4.5 Standards............................................ 65
3.4.6 Low-Cost and Lean.................................... 65
3.4.7 Intellectual Property Management..................... 66
3.4.8 The Aftermarket...................................... 66
3.5 Technological Changes......................................... 67
3.5.1 Improved Travel, Transport
and Telecommunications............................... 67
3.5.2 Revolutionary New Technologies....................... 67
3.53 New IS Applications.................................. 67
3.5.4 Communities.......................................... 70
3.6 Product Changes............................................... 70
3.6.1 Products............................................. 70
3.6.2 Mechatronic Products................................. 71
3.7 The Result and the Requirements............................... 72
4 Product Pain...................................................... 73
4.1 Product Environment........................................... 73
4.2 Private Life Experience....................................... 74
4.2.1 Washing Machine...................................... 74
4.2.2 Telephone............................................ 74
4.2.3 Escalator............................................ 75
4.2.4 Train................................................ 75
4.2.5 Private/Professional Experience...................... 76
4.3 Professional Experience....................................... 76
4.4 Public Experience............................................. 77
4.4.1 Electricity.......................................... 77
4.4.2 Cars................................................. 78
4.4.3 Bridges.............................................. 79
4.4.4 Aerospace Products................................... 79
4.4.5 Power Plants......................................... 80
4.4.6 Financial Products................................... 81
4.4.7 Other Products....................................... 81
4.5 Product Development Is Important.............................. 82
4.6 Product Development Is Hard................................... 83
4.7 Pain in Use................................................... 83
Contents
xii
4.8 Effects................................................... 84
4.9 Causes................................................... 85
4.9.1 Challenger...................................... 86
4.9.2 Columbia........................................ 87
4.93 SR-111.......................................... 87
4.9.4 Ariane 5........................................ 88
4.9.5 Multiple Causes................................. 88
4.10 Causes and Measures......................................... 89
4.11 Pre-Emptive Measures and PLM............................... 90
4.12 Current and Future Nightmare................................ 90
4.12.1 It’s a Nightmare................................... 90
4.13 Global Growing Pains...................................... 91
4.14 No Silver Bullet............................................ 93
5 Emergence of PLM................................................ 95
5.1 Product..................................................... 95
5.2 Lifecycle................................................ 95
53 Changing Views of Products............................... 98
5.4 Emergence of PLM in the 21st Century...................... 103
5.5 A New Paradigm............................................. 103
5.6 Across the Lifecycle....................................... 104
5.7 A New Way of Thinking...................................... 104
5.7.1 Thinking About Manufacturing..................... 105
5.7.2 Thinking About the Company....................... 105
5.7.3 Thinking About a Function........................ 106
5.7.4 Thinking About an Activity...................... . 106
5.7.5 Thinking About the Product Development
Activity.......................................... 106
5.7.6 Thinking About Focus............................. 107
5.7.7 Thinking About Voices............................ 107
5.7.8 Thinking About Time.............................. 107
5.7.9 Thinking About Customers......................... 107
5.7.10 Thinking About the Portfolio..................... 108
5.7.11 Thinking About the Product....................... 108
5.7.12 Thinking About the Product Lifecycle Approach ... 108
5.7.13 Thinking About the Management Role............... 109
5.7.14 Thinking Profit or Planet......................... 109
5.7.15 Thinking About Processes, Data, Applications... 109
6 Opportunities and PLM........................................... Ill
6.1 Opportunities of a Growing Market.......................... Ill
6.2 Technology Opportunities................................... 112
63 Smart Product Opportunity.................................. 113
6.4 Opportunity of Global Products............................. 114
Contents xiii
6.5 Social and Environmental Opportunities for Products......... 115
6.6 More Opportunities for Products............................. 116
6.6.1 Unsolved Problems.................................. 116
6.6.2 Future Changes..................................... 116
6.6.3 Balance of Power................................... 117
6.6.4 Increased Regulation............................... 118
6.6.5 Better Managed Product Companies................... 118
6.6.6 Multitude of New Products.......................... 119
6.6.7 More Web-Based Product-Related Services............ 119
6.6.8 Breakthrough Computer Aided Product
Development........................................ 120
6.7 So Much Opportunity......................................... 120
6.8 Response to Opportunity..................................... 120
6.9 From Opportunities to Detailed Benefits..................... 121
7 Product.......................................................... 123
7.1 Product Importance, Range, Instance......................... 123
7.1.1 Importance......................................... 123
7.1.2 Range of Products.................................. 123
7.1.3 More than the Product.............................. 124
7.1.4 Instance of a Product.............................. 124
7.1.5 Number of Products................................. 124
7.1.6 Commonality........................................ 125
7.2 Parts, Ingredients, Components, Assemblies.................. 125
7.2.1 Range of Parts..................................... 125
7.2.2 Number of Parts.................................... 125
7.2.3 Part and Product................................... 126
7.3 Identifier.................................................. 126
7.3.1 Need for an Identifier............................. 126
7.3.2 Name, Number....................................... 126
7.3.3 Internal, and Other, Names/Numbers................. 127
7.3.4 Serial Numbers..................................... 127
7.3.5 Significant Numbers................................ 127
7.3.6 Product Key........................................ 128
7.3.7 Naming Languages................................... 128
7.3.8 Some Product and Part Identifiers.................. 129
7.3.9 Product Name and Part Name......................... 129
7.3.10 Trade Mark....................................... 130
7.4 Requirements................................................ 130
7.4.1 Customer Requirements.............................. 130
7.4.2 Requirements for Global Products................... 131
7.5 From Customer Requirement to Product Specification........ 131
XIV
Contents
7.6 Identification Standards.................................... 132
7.6.1 Global Trade Item Number............................. 132
7.6.2 International Standard Book Number................... 133
7.6.3 International Mobile Equipment Identity.............. 133
7.6.4 International Standard Music Number.................. 133
7.6.5 CAS Registry Numbers................................. 133
7.7 Unique Identifier, Unique Key............................... 134
7.8 Traceability................................................ 134
7.9 Communication of Identifier................................. 134
7.9.1 Type of Communication................................ 134
7.9.2 UPC Barcode.......................................... 135
7.9.3 EAN-13............................................... 135
7.9.4 Two-Dimensional Barcodes............................. 135
7.10 Product Classification...................................... 135
7.10.1 Classification....................................... 135
7.10.2 Advantages of Classification......................... 136
7.10.3 Classification Systems............................... 136
7.11 Versions, Variants, Options................................... 136
7.11.1 Lifecycle State...................................... 136
7.11.2 Version, Iteration................................... 137
7.11.3 Variant, Option...................................... 137
7.12 Product Ownership............................................. 137
7.12.1 Rights............................................... 137
7.12.2 Intellectual Property............................... 138
7.13 Product Structure and Architecture............................ 138
7.13.1 Structures........................................... 138
7.13.2 Bill of Materials.................................... 139
7.13.3 Product Architecture................................. 141
7.13.4 Product Portfolio.................................... 141
7.13.5 Product Model........................................ 142
7.14 Description, Definition and Representation.................. . 142
7.15 From Customer Requirement to Performance...................... 143
7.16 No Product Is an Island....................................... 143
7.17 The Challenges................................................ 144
7.18 The Way Forward............................................... 144
8 Product Data........................................................ 145
8.1 Product and Product Data...................................... 145
8.2 Product Data Examples......................................... 146
8.3 Product Data Issues........................................... 146
8.3.1 Access to Product Data............................... 147
8.3.2 Applications......................................... 147
8.3.3 Archiving of Data.................................... 148
8.3.4 Availability of Data................................. 148
Contents
XV
8.3.5 Change............................................... 148
8.3.6 Copies of Data....................................... 149
8.3.7 Confidentiality of Data.............................. 149
8.3.8 Configuration........................................ 149
8.3.9 Definition of Data................................... 149
8.3.10 Duplicate and Redundant Data......................... 150
8.3.11 Exchange of Data..................................... 151
8.3.12 File-Based Data...................................... 151
8.3.13 Formai Description................................... 152
8.3.14 History........................................... 152
8.3.15 Identification and Classification Systems............ 152
8.3.16 Inconsistent Data.................................... 152
8.3.17 Incorrect Data....................................... 153
8.3.18 Informally Annotated Documents....................... 153
8.3.19 Informai Communication of Data....................... 153
8.3.20 Input of Data........................................ 153
8.3.21 Interoperability..................................... 154
8.3.22 Languages............................................ 154
8.3.23 Level of Detail...................................... 154
8.3.24 Library of Data...................................... 154
8.3.25 Location of Data..................................... 155
8.3.26 Long-Life Data....................................... 155
8.3.27 Manuals.............................................. 156
8.3.28 Media................................................ 156
8.3.29 Meaning of Data...................................... 157
8.3.30 Missing Data......................................... 157
8.3.31 Navigation to Data................................... 157
8.3.32 Ownership of Data.................................... 157
8.3.33 Processing of Data................................... 158
8.3.34 Project Data......................................... 158
8.3.35 Re-invention of Existing Data........................ 158
8.3.36 Relationships Between Data........................... 159
8.3.37 Representations of Data.............................. 160
8.3.38 Rules Deficit........................................ 161
8.3.39 Searching for Data................................... 162
8.3.40 Security of Data..................................... 162
8.3.41 Sources of Data...................................... 163
8.3.42 Software............................................. 163
8.3.43 Standards for Data................................... 163
8.3.44 States of Data....................................... 164
8.3.45 Structure of Data.................................... 164
8.3.46 Tabulated Documents.................................. 164
8.3.47 Traceability of Data................................. 165
8.3.48 Training Deficit..................................... 165
XVI
Contents
8.3.49 Type and Format of Data ........................... 165
8.3.50 Update Frequency of Data........................... 166
8.3.51 Users of Data ..................................... 166
8.3.52 Uses of Data....................................... 166
8.3.53 Value of Data Unknown.............................. 167
8.3.54 Variants and Options.............................. 167
8.3.55 Versions of Data................................. 167
8.3.56 Versions of Applications........................... 168
8.3.57 Views of Data...................................... 168
8.3.58 Vocabulary....................................... 169
8.3.59 Volume of Data..................................... 169
8.3.60 Workflow........................................... 170
8.3.61 Consequence........................................ 170
8.4 Metadata.................................................. 171
8.4.1 Data Fields in Paper Documents..................... 171
8.4.2 Data About Data.................................... 171
8.4.3 Examples of Metadata............................. 171
8.5 Models.................................................... 172
8.5.1 Need for Models.................................. 172
8.5.2 Sub-models......................................... 173
8.5.3 Different Models................................... 173
8.5.4 Different Levels of a Model........................ 173
8.5.5 Iterative Approach................................. 173
8.5.6 Involvement in Modelling........................... 174
8.5.7 Modelling Tools.................................... 174
8.5.8 Modelling Techniques............................... 174
8.5.9 Characteristics of Models.......................... 175
8.6 Product Data Models......................................... 175
8.6.1 Data Flow.......................................... 175
8.6.2 Entity-Relationship Model.......................... 176
8.6.3 Class Diagram...................................... 177
8.6.4 State Diagram...................................... 179
8.7 Product Data Is not an Island............................... 179
8.8 The Challenges.............................................. 180
8.9 The Way Forward............................................. 180
9 Process.......................................................... 181
9.1 Introduction and Definition................................. 181
9.1.1 Action Across the Lifecycle........................ 181
9.1.2 Organising the Action.............................. 181
9.1.3 Processes for PLM................................. 183
9.2 Defining Characteristics.................................... 184
9.3 Unwanted Characteristics.................................... 185
9.3.1 Unclear Names...................................... 185
Contents xv ii
9.3.2 Other Unwanted Characteristics....................... 186
9.3.3 Process Waste........................................ 187
9.4 Application Workflow, Product Workflow........................ 187
9.4.1 Application Workflow................................. 187
9.4.2 Product Workflow..................................... 187
9.5 Product Workflow and Information Flow......................... 190
9.6 Process Mapping and Modelling................................. 191
9.7 Hierarchical Process Structure................................ 191
9.8 Activity Flow................................................. 192
9.9 Data Model, Process Map....................................... 194
9.10 Use Case Description.......................................... 194
9.11 Use Case Diagram.............................................. 195
9.12 No Process Is an Island....................................... 197
9.13 The Challenges................................................ 197
9.14 The Way Forward............................................... 197
10 PLM Applications.................................................... 199
10.1 Introduction.................................................. 199
10.2 Applications Overview......................................... 199
10.2.1 BOM Applications..................................... 200
10.2.2 Compliance Management................................ 200
10.2.3 CSM Applications..................................... 201
10.2.4 CAD Applications..................................... 201
10.2.5 CAE Applications..................................... 202
10.2.6 CAID Applications.................................... 202
10.2.7 CAM Applications..................................... 202
10.2.8 CAPE Applications.................................... 202
10.2.9 CAPP Applications.................................... 202
10.2.10 CASE Applications.................................... 203
10.2.11 СІМ.................................................. 203
10.2.12 Data Exchange Applications........................... 203
10.2.13 DECM Applications.................................... 203
10.2.14 Digital Manufacturing Applications................... 204
10.2.15 DMU Applications..................................... 204
10.2.16 EDI Applications..................................... 204
10.2.17 EDA Applications..................................... 204
10.2.18 ECM Applications..................................... 204
10.2.19 EDM Applications..................................... 204
10.2.20 FEA Applications..................................... 205
10.2.21 Geometric Modelling Applications..................... 205
10.2.22 Haptic Applications.................................. 205
10.2.23 IM Applications...................................... 205
10.2.24 IPM Applications..................................... 205
10.2.25 KBS.................................................. 205
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10.2.26 LCA Applications...........................
10.2.27 MRP 2 Applications.........................
10.2.28 NC Applications............................
10.2.29 Parts Catalogue Applications...............
10.2.30 Parts Libraries............................
10.2.31 Phase-Gate Applications....................
10.2.32 Portfolio Management Applications..........
10.2.33 PDM Systems.............................
10.2.34 PM Applications............................
10.2.35 RP Applications............................
10.2.36 Requirements Management Applications
10.2.37 Reliability Management Applications........
10.2.38 Simulation Applications....................
10.2.39 SCM Applications...........................
10.2.40 TDM Applications...........................
10.2.41 Technical Publication Applications.........
10.2.42 Translation Management Applications........
10.2.43 VR Applications............................
10.2.44 VE Applications............................
10.2.45 Virtual Prototyping Applications...........
10.2.46 Visualisation and Viewing Applications . . . .
10.2.47 3D Printing Applications...................
10.2.48 3D Scanning Applications...................
Issues of Applications..............................
10.3.1 Ambiguous Name and Unclear Scope...........
10.3.2 Islands of Automation......................
10.3.3 Departmental Islands, Supplier Islands.....
10.3.4 Interface and Integration Need.............
10.3.5 Overlapping Data Management Functionality.
10.3.6 Different User Interfaces..................
10.3.7 Organisational Match.......................
10.3.8 Limited Operating Environment..............
10.3.9 Versions...................................
10.3.10 Legacy Applications........................
10.3.11 Neglected Functionality....................
Grouping the Applications...........................
10.4.1 First Grouping.............................
Generic and Specific PLM Applications...............
Generic PLM Applications............................
10.6.1 Data Management/Document Management . .
10.6.2 Part Management/Product Management/
Configuration Management...................
10.6.3 Process Management/Workflow Management
10.6.4 Program Management/Project Management. .
Contents xix
10.6.5 Collaboration Management........................... 218
10.6.6 Visualisation...................................... 218
10.6.7 Integration........................................ 218
10.6.8 Infrastructure Management.......................... 218
10.6.9 Idea Management.................................... 219
10.6.10 Product Feedback Management........................ 219
10.7 Task-Specific PLM Applications.............................. 219
10.7.1 Product Portfolio Management....................... 219
10.7.2 Idea Generation Management......................... 219
10.7.3 Requirements and Specifications Management....... 220
10.7.4 Collaborative Product Definition Management...... 220
10.7.5 Supplier and Sourcing Management................... 220
10.7.6 Manufacturing Management........................... 220
10.7.7 Maintenance Management............................. 220
10.7.8 Environment, Health and Safety Management........ 220
10.7.9 Intellectual Property Management................... 221
10.8 Applications and Data Management............................ 221
10.9 File-Based Data Management.................................. 221
10.9.1 Problems with Files................................ 222
10.9.2 Files and Fields................................... 222
10.10 Databases and Data Management............................... 223
10.10.1 Database Management Systems........................ 223
10.10.2 DBMS in Commercial Environments.................... 223
10.10.3 Commercial and Product Database Differences .... 224
10.10.4 A Metadata DBMS.................................... 224
10.10.5 Database Vocabulary................................ 225
10.11 Data Models................................................. 226
10.11.1 Hierarchical Data Model............................ 227
10.11.2 Network Data Model................................. 228
10.11.3 Relational Data Model.............................. 228
10.11.4 Object-Oriented Data Model......................... 229
10.12 No PLM Application Is an Island............................. 230
10.13 The Challenges.............................................. 230
10.14 The Way Forward............................................. 231
11 The PDM System.................................................... 233
11.1 Introduction................................................ 233
11.2 PDM System Overview......................................... 233
11.3 Importance of the PDM System................................ 235
11.4 The Eight Components........................................ 236
11.4.1 Information Warehouse.............................. 236
11.4.2 Information Warehouse Manager...................... 237
11.4.3 Infrastructure................................... 238
11.4.4 System Administration Manager...................... 239
XX
Contents
11.4.5 Interface Module.................................... 239
11.4.6 Product and Workflow Structure
Definition Module................................... 240
11.4.7 Workflow Control Module............................. 241
11.4.8 Information Management Module....................... 242
11.5 Benefits of PDM.............................................. 243
11.6 Common Issues................................................ 244
11.6.1 Naming, Functionality, Scope........................ 245
11.6.2 Change, Version Management.......................... 245
11.6.3 Interfaces.......................................... 246
11.6.4 Data Model, Workflow................................ 246
11.6.5 Ownership, Funding, Support....................... 247
11.6.6 Fit in IS Architecture.............................. 247
11.6.7 Customisation, Installation....................... 247
11.6.8 Everyday Use...................................... 248
11.7 Little Data Management Excitement............................ 250
11.8 No PDM System Is an Island................................... 251
11.9 The Challenges............................................... 252
11.10 The Way Forward.............................................. 252
12 People............................................................ 253
12.1 Introduction............................................... 253
12.2 It’s a Jungle................................................ 253
12.2.1 Different Products.................................. 254
12.2.2 Different Companies................................. 254
12.2.3 Different Departments............................... 255
12.2.4 Same Job, Different Title........................... 255
12.2.5 Same Title, Different Job........................... 255
12.2.6 Different Locations................................. 256
12.2.7 Different Background................................ 256
12.2.8 Different Computer Literacy....................... 256
12.2.9 Different Data Need................................. 256
12.2.10 Different HR Policies............................... 256
12.2.11 Different Metrics................................... 257
12.2.12 Different Bonus Systems............................. 257
12.2.13 Different Languages................................. 257
12.2.14 Different Culture................................... 257
12.2.15 Changing Population................................. 257
12.2.16 Different Roles..................................... 258
12.2.17 Different Sins...................................... 258
12.2.18 Response to PLM..................................... 258
12.3 Nobody Is an Island.......................................... 259
12.4 The Challenges............................................... 259
12.5 The Way Forward.............................................. 260
Contents
XXI
13 Methods............................................................ 261
13.1 Introduction................................................ 261
13.1.1 The Need........................................... 261
13.1.2 Improvement Initiatives............................ 262
13.2 Overview of Methods......................................... 263
13.2.1 ABC................................................ 263
13.2.2 Alliance Management................................ 263
13.2.3 Benchmarking....................................... 263
13.2.4 BPR................................................ 264
13.2.5 CWQC............................................... 264
13.2.6 Concurrent Engineering............................. 264
13.2.7 CM................................................. 265
13.2.8 Continuous Improvement............................. 265
13.2.9 COQM............................................... 265
13.2.10 Customer Involvement............................... 266
13.2.11 DFA................................................ 266
13.2.12 DFE................................................ 267
13.2.13 DFM................................................ 267
13.2.14 DFR................................................ 267
13.2.15 DFSS............................................... 267
13.2.16 DFS................................................ 268
13.2.17 Design Rules....................................... 268
13.2.18 DTC................................................ 268
13.2.19 EMI................................................ 268
13.2.20 ESI................................................ 268
13.2.21 FMECA.............................................. 269
13.2.22 FT A............................................... 269
13.2.23 GT................................................. 269
13.2.24 Hoshin Kanri....................................... 269
13.2.25 JIT................................................ 270
13.2.26 Kome Hyappyo....................................... 270
13.2.27 Lean Production.................................... 271
13.2.28 LCA................................................ 271
13.2.29 LCD................................................ 271
13.2.30 Open Innovation.................................... 272
13.2.31 Phase/Gate Methodology............................. 272
13.2.32 PDCA............................................... 273
13.2.33 Platform Strategy.................................. 273
13.2.34 Poka-Yoke.......................................... 273
13.2.35 Process Mapping.................................... 274
13.2.36 Project Management................................. 274
13.2.37 QFD................................................ 274
13.2.38 Roadmapping........................................ 274
13.2.39 Reliability Engineering............................ 274
Contents
13.2.40 Robust Engineering.................................. 275
13.2.41 Simultaneous Engineering............................ 275
13.2.42 Software Development Methodologies.................. 275
13.2.43 Standards........................................... 276
13.2.44 SPC................................................. 276
13.2.45 STEP................................................ 277
13.2.46 System Engineering.................................. 277
13.2.47 Taguchi Techniques ................................. 277
13.2.48 Teamwork............................................ 277
13.2.49 TCO................................................. 278
13.2.50 TQ.................................................. 278
13.2.51 TQM................................................. 278
13.2.52 TRIZ................................................ 279
13.2.53 VAandVE............................................. 279
13.3 Some Characteristics of Methods............................ 279
13.3.1 Unclear Name........................................ 280
13.3.2 Overlap Between Methods .......................... 280
13.3.3 Overlap Between Methods and Applications.......... 280
13.3.4 Confusion Between Methods and Processes............. 280
13.3.5 Duplication of Existing Activities.................. 280
13.3.6 Unclear Definition.................................. 281
13.3.7 Unclear Metrics..................................... 281
13.3.8 Difficult to Implement.............................. 281
13.3.9 Method Evolution and Confusion...................... 281
13.3.10 Market Push......................................... 282
13.4 No Method Is an Island....................................... 282
13.5 The Challenges............................................... 282
13.6 The Way Forward.............................................. 283
14 Facilities and Equipment............................................ 285
14.1 Introduction................................................. 285
14.2 Characteristics.............................................. 286
14.2.1 Range, Specialities................................. 286
14.2.2 Lean, High Throughput............................... 287
14.2.3 Automation.......................................... 287
14.2.4 Standards........................................... 287
14.2.5 Simulation.......................................... 287
14.2.6 High Capital Cost................................... 288
14.2.7 Know-How, Training.................................. 288
14.2.8 Tuning, Feedback.................................... 288
14.3 No Facility Is an Island..................................... 288
14.4 The Challenges............................................... 289
14.5 The Way Forward.............................................. 289
Contents xxiii
15 Metrics............................................................... 291
15.1 Introduction................................................... 291
15.2 Characteristics................................................ 292
15.2.1 Naming, Definition................................. 292
15.2.2 Business Relevance................................... 293
15.2.3 Current Value........................................ 293
15.2.4 Metrics and Targets for PLM.......................... 294
15.2.5 Metrics and Targets Example.......................... 294
15.2.6 Number and Priority.................................. 295
15.2.7 Balance and Consistency.............................. 295
15.2.8 Level................................................ 296
15.2.9 Reporting and Action................................. 296
15.3 Improvement Projects........................................... 296
15.4 Project Justification Vocabulary............................... 297
15.5 Time Value of Money............................................ 299
15.6 NPV and ROI.................................................... 300
15.7 Cost Justification........................................... 302
15.8 Identification of Benefits..................................... 303
15.9 Project Calculations........................................... 304
15.10 Benefit Asset Pricing Model.................................... 307
15.11 No Metric Is an Island......................................... 307
15.12 The Challenges................................................. 308
15.13 The Way Forward................................................ 308
16 Organisation.......................................................... 309
16.1 Introduction................................................... 309
16.2 Characteristics................................................ 309
16.2.1 Scope................................................ 310
16.2.2 Complexity, Inter-relations.......................... 310
16.2.3 Identification....................................... 311
16.2.4 Detailing............................................ 312
16.2.5 Documentation........................................ 312
16.2.6 Communication........................................ 313
16.2.7 Implementation....................................... 313
16.2.8 Responsibility....................................... 313
16.3 Changing Environment and Organisation.......................... 313
16.4 No Organisation Is an Island................................. 315
16.5 The Challenges................................................. 315
16.6 The Way Forward................................................ 316
17 Reasons for Implementing a PDM System.............................. 317
17.1 The PDM System in the PLM Environment.......................... 317
17.2 Two Classes of Reasons......................................... 318
17.3 Information Management......................................... 319
XXIV
Contents
17.3.1 Basic Data Control and Management................ 320
17.3.2 Data Access...................................... 321
17.3.3 Advanced Information Control and Management ... 321
17.4 Re-use of Information..................................... 322
17.5 Workflow Management....................................... 326
17.6 Engineering Change Management............................... 328
17.7 Overall Business Performance Improvement.................... 331
17.8 Resolution of Business Problems............................. 332
17.9 Functional Performance Improvement........................ 334
17.10 Better Management of Product Development Activities....... 336
17.11 Automation of Product Development Activities................ 338
17.12 IS Effectiveness Improvement................................ 340
17.13 Infrastructure for Effective Product Development............ 343
17.14 Questions About the Future Role of PDM...................... 345
18 Forewarned Is Forearmed............................................ 347
18.1 Reasons and Replies....................................... 347
19 FAQs About PDM Implementation and Use............................ 357
19.1 What PDM Functionality Do We Need?.......................... 357
19.2 Who Should We Involve in PDM?............................... 359
19.3 How Do We Cost-Justify PDM?................................. 361
19.4 Does PDM Fit with Concurrent Engineering?................... 363
19.5 How Should We Introduce PDM?................................ 364
19.6 Should We Buy or Make PDM?.................................. 367
19.7 Should We Outsource PDM?.................................... 368
20 Barriers to Successful Implementation of PDM....................... 371
20.1 The System Barrier.......................................... 371
20.2 The People Barrier.......................................... 372
20.3 The Project Team Barrier.................................... 374
20.4 The Process Barrier......................................... 375
20.5 The Organisational Structure Barrier........................ 377
20.6 The Funding Barrier......................................... 379
20.7 The Information Barrier..................................... 381
20.8 The Installation Barrier.................................... 383
20.9 The Everyday Use Barrier.................................... 384
21 Of PLM Vision and Strategy....................................... 387
21.1 Objectives.................................................. 387
21.1.1 Strategy........................................... 387
21.1.2 Mission............................................ 388
21.1.3 Vision............................................. 388
21.1.4 Plan............................................... 388
Contents xxv
21.1.5 Tactics............................................... 389
21.1.6 Policy................................................ 389
21.2 From Vision to Plan............................................ 390
21.3 A PLM Vision................................................... 391
21.4 Basic Points About the PLM Vision.............................. 391
21.5 Position of the PLM Vision..................................... 392
21.6 Metrics and the PLM Vision..................................... 393
21.7 In the Absence of a PLM Vision............................... 394
21.8 Reasons for Developing the PLM Vision.......................... 395
21.9 Thinking About Visions......................................... 397
21.10 The Danger of Underestimating Vision........................... 399
21.11 Vision Description and Documentation........................... 400
21.12 The PLM Strategy............................................... 402
21.13 An Implementation Strategy..................................... 403
21.14 Industrial Experience of Visioning............................. 404
21.15 Progress Depends on Retentiveness.............................. 406
21.16 Similarities and Differences................................... 407
22 Strategies............................................................. 409
22.1 Military Strategy.............................................. 409
22.2 American Civil War............................................. 411
22.3 France....................................................... 412
22.4 The English Channel............................................ 413
22.5 Russia......................................................... 414
22.6 The Pacific Ocean.............................................. 415
22.7 Lessons Learned................................................ 416
22.7.1 History Repeats Itself................................ 416
22.7.2 Over Time, Strategies Change.......................... 416
22.7.3 Offensive or Defensive Strategy....................... 417
22.7.4 Small Range of Simple Strategies...................... 417
22.7.5 Strategy Depends on Objectives. ...................... 418
22.7.6 Hierarchy of Strategies .............................. 418
22.7.7 Danger of Change During Implementation................ 418
22.8 Principles of Military Strategy................................ 418
22.9 Manufacturing Strategy......................................... 419
22.10 Company Strategy............................................... 421
22.11 Principles of Business Strategy................................ 423
22.12 Importance of Strategy......................................... 424
22.13 Principles of Strategy......................................... 424
22.13.1 Principles of Military Strategy....................... 424
22.13.2 Company Principles.................................... 425
22.13.3 PLM Principles........................................ 425
XXVI Contents
22.14 Implications of Principles................................... 426
22.15 Coherent PLM Vision, Strategy and Plan....................... 427
22.16 Continually Improve.......................................... 428
23 Getting Executive Support.......................................... 431
23.1 Getting Started............................................ 431
23.2 Not so Easy................................................ 432
23.3 Different Span of Activities............................... 433
23.4 Differences Between Industries............................. 433
23.5 Different Reasons for PLM.................................. 436
23.5.1 Cost, Quality, Time, Business Process
Improvement....................................... 436
23.5.2 Innovation........................................ 437
23.5.3 Compliance........................................ 438
23.5.4 Mechatronic Products.............................. 438
23.5.5 Collaboration..................................... 438
23.5.6 Intellectual Property Management.................... 439
23.6 Limited Headway.............................................. 439
23.6.1 Middle Managers..................................... 439
23.6.2 Executives.......................................... 440
23.7 Company Dilemma.............................................. 440
23.8 Personal Dilemma........................................... 441
23.9 Going Nowhere................................................ 442
23.10 Examples of the PLM Dilemma.................................. 443
23.11 Overcoming the PLM Dilemma in Three Months................ 446
23.12 The PLM Initiative........................................... 447
23.13 PLM Initiatives, from Strategic to Tactical.................. 449
23.14 Understanding the Way Forward................................ 451
23.14.1 First Time Entry.................................... 452
23.14.2 PLM Business Case Creation.......................... 452
23.14.3 PDM to PLM Expansion................................ 452
23.14.4 Competitive Pressures............................... 453
23.15 The 10 Step Approach to PLM Launch........................... 453
23.16 Results of Use of the Ten Step Approach...................... 455
23.16.1 Understanding and Quantifying Options............... 455
23.16.2 Managing the Post-acquisition Situation............. 456
23.16.3 From PDM to PLM..................................... 456
23.16.4 Getting Started with PLM............................ 457
23.16.5 Engineering Change Management....................... 457
23.16.6 Identification of Benefits and Risks................ 457
23.16.7 Two Proposed Solutions.............................. 457
23.16.8 Common Benefits..................................... 457
23.17 Plan for Next Steps.......................................... 458
Contents xxvii
24 Developing PLM Vision and PLM Strategy............................ 459
24.1 Deliverables of Vision Development.......................... 459
24Л.1 The PLM Vision Report............................... 459
24.1.2 PowerPoint Vision Presentation...................... 459
24.1.3 One-Page PLM Vision Overview........................ 459
24.2 The Visioning Process....................................... 461
24.2.1 First Thoughts for the Vision....................... 461
24.2.2 Horses for Courses.................................. 462
24.2.3 Executive Input..................................... 463
24.2.4 Looking at Competitors.............................. 465
24.2.5 With Executive and Competitive Input................ 466
24.2.6 Review.............................................. 466
24.3 Haziness of the Vision...................................... 466
24.4 Vision Structure. Slicing and Dicing........................ 468
24.5 A Five-Step Process......................................... 469
24.6 Step 1: Gathering Information............................... 470
24.7 Step 2: Identifying Strategies.............................. 470
24.7.1 Resources......................................... 470
24.7.2 Strategy............................................ 470
24.7.3 Strategy Elements................................... 472
24.7.4 Implications of Strategy Elements................... 475
24.8 Step 3: Selecting the Preferred Strategy ................... 476
24.9 Step 4: Communicating the Strategy.......................... 478
24.10 Implementation Strategy..................................... 479
24.11 The PLM Plan................................................ 479
24.12 PLM Vision and Strategy Team................................ 480
24.13 Ramping up PLM Knowledge.................................... 482
25 Example of a PLM Vision........................................... 485
25.1 Overview.................................................... 485
25.2 Overview of the PLM Vision.................................. 485
25.3 More Detailed Overview...................................... 488
25.4 Vision, Strategy, Plan, Metrics............................. 489
25.5 Products.................................................... 490
25.5.1 Product Focus....................................... 490
25.5.2 Product Portfolio................................... 490
25.5.3 Five-Year Strategy and Plan......................... 491
25.5.4 New Technologies.................................... 491
25.5.5 Progress with Products.............................. 492
25.6 Customers................................................... 492
25.6.1 Customer Focus...................................... 493
25.6.2 Voice of the Customer............................... 493
25.6.3 Customer Involvement................................ 493
25.6.4 Progress with Customers............................. 494
Contents
25.7 Organisation............................................... 494
25.7.1 Product Family Teams.............................. 494
25.7.2 PLM Responsibilities.............................. 495
25.7.3 Product Development and Support Methodology . . . 496
25.8 Management, Control, Visibility............................ 496
25.8.1 Management........................................ 496
25.8.2 Visibility........................................ 497
25.8.3 Control........................................... 497
25.9 Lifecycle and Processes.................................... 497
25.9.1 Phases of the Product Lifecycle................... 497
25.9.2 Management of the Product Lifecycle............... 498
25.9.3 Life Cycle Design and Analysis.................... 498
25.9.4 Lifecycle Modelling and Analysis.................... 498
25.9.5 Process Definition and Automation................... 498
25.9.6 Standard Lifecycle Processes........................ 499
25.9.7 Standard Lifecycle Methodologies.................... 499
25.9.8 Progress with Lifecycle and Process................. 500
25.10 Collaboration.............................................. 500
25.11 People and Culture......................................... 501
25.11.1 Team Culture........................................ 501
25.11.2 Skilled, Competent People........................... 502
25.11.3 Quality Culture..................................... 502
25.11.4 Progress with People and Culture.................... 503
25.12 Data, Information and Knowledge.............................. 503
25.12.1 Clean, Standard, Process-Driven Data................ 503
25.12.2 Digital Data........................................ 504
25.12.3 Data Management..................................... 504
25.12.4 Legacy Data......................................... 504
25.12.5 Data Exchange....................................... 504
25.12.6 Progress with Data, Information and Knowledge . . . 504
25.13 Facilities, Equipment, Applications, Interfaces.............. 505
25.13.1 Facilities.......................................... 505
25.13.2 Equipment........................................... 505
25.13.3 Application Standardisation......................... 505
25.13.4 Interfaces.......................................... 506
25.14 Mandatory Compliance, Voluntary Conformity................... 506
25.14.1 Mandatory Compliance................................ 506
25.14.2 Voluntary Conformity................................ 507
25.15 Security and Intelligence.................................... 507
25.15.1 Security............................................ 507
25.15.2 Intelligence........................................ 508
25.16 Linking PLM Drivers to PLM Benefits.......................... 508
Contents
XXIX
26 The Current Situation............................................... 509
26.1 Some Questions................................................ 509
26.1.1 Starting Point....................................... 510
26.1.2 Scope and Perimeter.................................. 510
26.1.3 Project Team......................................... 511
26.1.4 Improvement Opportunities............................ 512
26.1.5 Deliverables......................................... 513
26.1.6 Approach............................................. 515
26.2 Extended Enterprise......................................... 518
26.3 Product....................................................... 518
26.4 Processes..................................................... 519
26.5 Product Data.................................................. 520
26.6 PLM Applications.............................................. 521
26.7 Product Data Management....................................... 522
26.8 Equipment and Facilities...................................... 522
26.9 Techniques.................................................... 523
26.10 People........................................................ 523
26.11 Metrics....................................................... 524
26.12 Organisation.................................................. 524
26.13 PLM Environment Model......................................... 525
27 Current Situation Examples.......................................... 527
27.1 A Fragment.................................................... 527
27.2 Automotive Company............................................ 528
27.3 Engineering Company........................................... 529
27.4 Electronics Company........................................... 529
27.5 Aerospace Company............................................. 531
27.6 Data at the Manufacturing Interface........................... 533
27.7 Product Data Report Table..................................... 534
27.8 Current Situation Summary..................................... 534
28 Describing the Future Situation.................................... 537
28.1 Some Questions................................................ 537
28.1.1 Scope and Perimeter.................................. 538
28.1.2 Project Team........................................ 539
28.1.3 Initial Input Collection............................. 540
28.1.4 Future Situation Deliverables........................ 540
28.1.5 Approach............................................. 542
28.1.6 Plan................................................. 542
28.2 Internal Input................................................ 543
28.2.1 Existing Information................................. 543
28.2.2 Current Situation Analysis........................... 543
28.2.3 Requests from Lifecycle Participants................. 544
XXX
Contents
28.3 External Input........................................... 544
28*3.1 Smart Products..................................... 544
28.4 Product Strategy......................................... 545
28.4.1 Managed Complexity and Change OEM.................. 545
28.4.2 Global Complex Assembly Provider................... 546
28.4.3 Low-Cost Commodity Supplier........................ 546
28.4.4 Product Portfolio and Product Architecture......... 546
28.4.5 Beyond the Product................................. 547
28.5 Common Steps............................................... 548
28.5.1 Think Global..................................... 549
28.5.2 Understand the Global Market....................... 549
28.5.3 Select the Markets................................. 549
28.5.4 Product Strategy................................... 549
28.5.5 Upfront Planning................................... 549
28.5.6 Prescriptive Approach.............................. 549
28.5.7 Clear and Common Terminology....................... 550
28.5.8 Architectures and Models........................... 550
28.5.9 Digital Product and Digital Manufacturing.......... 550
28.6 Benchmarking .............................................. 550
28.6.1 Actual Situation................................... 551
28.6.2 Improvement Objective.............................. 551
28.6.3 Action............................................. 551
28.6.4 Results............................................ 552
28.6.5 Lessons Learned.................................... 553
28.7 Towards the Future Situation............................... 553
28.8 PLM Environment Model...................................... 554
29 PLM Implementation Strategy and Plan ........................... 555
29.1 Some Questions............................................. 555
29.1.1 Starting Position.................................. 556
29.1.2 Scope.............................................. 556
29.1.3 Approach........................................... 557
29.1.4 Project Team....................................... 560
29.1.5 Deliverables....................................... 560
29.1.6 Plan............................................... 561
29.2 Influencing Factors........................................ 562
29.2.1 Order of Components................................ 562
29.2.2 Prototype.......................................... 563
29.2.3 Bite Size.......................................... 563
29.2.4 Starting Activities................................ 564
29.2.5 Simple High-Level Message.......................... 564
29.2.6 Extending Deployment Capability.................... 565
Contents
XXXI
30 PLM Action......................................................... 567
ЗОЛ Some Questions................................................ 567
30ЛЛ Starting Position.................................... 567
ЗОЛ.2 Recap................................................ 568
30.1.3 Differences Between Companies........................ 568
30.1.4 Roles, Responsibility, Involvement................... 568
ЗОЛ .5 Project Team and Others.............................. 569
30.1.6 Actions and Reports.................................. 570
30Л.7 Reporting Progress................................... 570
30.1.8 Balanced PLM Action.................................. 570
30.1.9 Plan................................................. 571
30.2 Forewarned Is Forearmed....................................... 572
30.2.1 Looming Failure...................................... 572
30.3 Recommendations for Project Managers.......................... 573
30.3.1 Wait and Think...................................... 573
30.3.2 Focus on Benefits.................................. 575
30.3.3 Customer Care...................................... 575
30.3.4 Do’s and Don’ts..................................... 576
30.4 Actions....................................................... 576
30.4.1 Company-Specific Actions............................. 576
30.5 Product Structure............................................. 578
30.5.1 Method............................................... 578
30.5.2 Tools................................................ 578
30.5.3 Different Product Structures......................... 579
30.5.4 As-is Situation...................................... 580
30.5.5 Towards to-Be........................................ 580
30.5.6 To-Be................................................ 581
30.5.7 Benefits............................................. 582
30.6 Processes..................................................... 582
30.6.1 Similarity........................................... 582
30.6.2 Similar but Different................................ 582
30.6.3 Method............................................... 583
30.6.4 Tools................................................ 583
30.6.5 As-is Situation...................................... 584
30.6.6 Towards to-Be........................................ 585
30.6.7 To-Be................................................ 585
30.6.8 Benefits............................................. 586
30.7 Product Data.................................................. 587
30.7.1 Method............................................... 587
30.7.2 Tools................................................ 587
30.7.3 As-is................................................ 587
30.7.4 Towards to-Be........................................ 588
30.7.5 To-Be................................................ 589
30.7.6 To-Be Data Model..................................... 590
xxxii Contents
30.7.7 PDM .............................................. 590
30.7.8 Benefits.......................................... 591
30.8 Portfolio Management....................................... 591
30.9 PLM Environment Model...................................... 593
30.9.1 Evolution......................................... 593
30.10 Initiative Progress Reporting.............................. 593
30.11 PLM Review................................................. 594
30.11.1 Project Progress.................................. 595
30.12 External Audit............................................. 596
30.13 PLM Thought and Action..................................... 596
Appendix A: PLM and Big Data . ..................................... 599
Appendix B: PLM and the Internet of Things (IoT)...................... 613
Bibliography.......................................................... 625
Index ................................................................ 627
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Stark, John 1948- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135756170 |
| author_facet | Stark, John 1948- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Stark, John 1948- |
| author_variant | j s js |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV043210631 |
| classification_rvk | QP 510 QP 612 QP 624 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952107918 (DE-599)BVBBV043210631 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV043210631 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:20:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319244341 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028633776 |
| oclc_num | 952107918 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1043 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-29T |
| owner_facet | DE-1043 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-29T |
| physical | XXXII, 634 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Decision Engineering |
| spelling | Stark, John 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)135756170 aut Product lifecycle management 2 The devil is in the details John Stark 3. ed. Cham [u.a.] Springer 2016 XXXII, 634 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Decision Engineering Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd rswk-swf Produktmanagement (DE-588)4125960-9 gnd rswk-swf Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 s Produktmanagement (DE-588)4125960-9 s DE-604 (DE-604)BV042557508 2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-319-24436-5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028633776&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stark, John 1948- Product lifecycle management Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd Produktmanagement (DE-588)4125960-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135136-8 (DE-588)4125960-9 |
| title | Product lifecycle management |
| title_auth | Product lifecycle management |
| title_exact_search | Product lifecycle management |
| title_full | Product lifecycle management 2 The devil is in the details John Stark |
| title_fullStr | Product lifecycle management 2 The devil is in the details John Stark |
| title_full_unstemmed | Product lifecycle management 2 The devil is in the details John Stark |
| title_short | Product lifecycle management |
| title_sort | product lifecycle management the devil is in the details |
| topic | Produktlebenszyklus (DE-588)4135136-8 gnd Produktmanagement (DE-588)4125960-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Produktlebenszyklus Produktmanagement |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028633776&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV042557508 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT starkjohn productlifecyclemanagement2 |