Childhood food allergy: current management, emerging therapies, and prevention
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2015
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| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
62,6 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII S., S. 1363 - 1562 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780323402620 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Childhood food allergy
Autor: Gupta, Ruchi S
Jahr: 2015
Childhood Food Allergy: Current Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention
Contents
Foreword: Management of Pediatric Food Allergy
Bonita F. Stanton
xv
Preface: Childhood Food Allergy Update
Ruchi S. Gupta
xvii
Pathophysiology of Food Allergy
1363
Barry J. Pelz and Paul J. Bryce
Food allergy is a growing public health problem that is estimated to affect
4% to 8% of children and 5% of adults. In this review, we discuss our cur-
rent understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergy, from oral toler-
ance, to sensitization, and lastly the elicitation of an allergic response. As
much of the existing evidence for the mechanisms of food allergy is
derived from animal models, we include these studies where relevant. In
addition, whenever possible, we review similar evidence involved in human
disease and provide applications for consideration in clinical practice.
Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis 1377
Hemant P. Sharma, Shweta Bansil, and Burcin Uygungil
Food allergies are increasing in prevalence. In order for pediatric clinicians
to appropriately diagnose and manage food allergies, the characteristic
signs and symptoms of these potentially severe reactions must be recog-
nized. Unlike nonimmunologic adverse food reactions (such as lactose
intolerance and food poisoning), food allergies by definition are immune-
mediated responses that occur reproducibly on food ingestion. The vary-
ing clinical presentations of food allergy include IgE-mediated disorders,
mixed IgE- and cell-mediated disorders, and cell-mediated food allergies.
This review describes the clinical manifestations of each of these cate-
gories of food allergy, with special emphasis on recognition of food-
induced anaphylaxis.
Diagnosis of Food Allergy 1393
Rebecca Sharon Chinthrajah, Dana Tupa, Benjamin T. Prince, Whitney Morgan
Block, Jaime Sou Rosa, Anne Marie Singh, and Kari Nadeau
The prevalence of food allergies has been on the increase over the last 2
decades. Diagnosing food allergies can be complicated, as there are mul-
tiple types that have distinct clinical and immunologic features. Food
allergies are broadly classified into immunoglobulin E (lgE)-mediated,
non-lgE-mediated, or mixed food allergic reactions. This review focuses
on the clinical manifestations of the different categories of food allergies
and the different tests available to guide the clinician toward an accurate
diagnosis.
x Contents
Clinical Management of Food Allergy 1409
Benjamin L. Wright, Madeline Walkner, Brian P. Vickery, and Ruchi S. Gupta
Food allergies have become a growing public health concern. At present
the standard of care focuses on avoidance of trigger foods, education,
and treatment of symptoms following accidental ingestions. This article
provides a framework for primary care physicians and allergists for the
diagnosis, management, and treatment of pediatric food allergy.
School Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Management for the Pediatrician—Extending
the Medical Home with Critical Collaborations 1425
Michael Pistiner, Cynthia DiLaura Devore, and Sally Schoessler
Community pediatricians, working in consultation with allergists, create a
medical home that is the central focus of care for the child with life-
threatening food allergies. They participate in coordinating mutual and crit-
ical collaborations within schools that support families and children. They
can provide leadership and guidance to both families and schools to safe-
guard children and adolescents, thereby extending the medical home
goals into the school setting.
Why Does Australia Appear to Have the Highest Rates of Food Allergy? 1441
Katrina J. Allen and Jennifer J. Koplin
Australia has reported the highest rates of food allergy, using the gold
standard, oral food challenge. This phenomenon, which appears linked
to the modern lifestyle and has coincided with the explosion of the
new diseases of affluence in the 21st century, dubbed affluenza, has
spurred a multitude of theories and academic investigations. This review
focuses on potentially modifiable lifestyle factors for the prevention of
food allergy and presents the first data to emerge in the Australian context
that centers around the dual allergen exposure hypothesis, the vitamin D
hypothesis, and the hygiene hypothesis.
Quality of Life in Food Allergy Patients and Their Families 1453
Madeline Walkner, Christopher Warren, and Ruchi S. Gupta
Pediatric food allergy is a growing health problem in the United States that
has been found to adversely impact the quality of life of both affected chil-
dren and their caregivers. This article provides a review of how food allergy
affects the quality of life of patients and their families within the domains of
school, social activities, relationships, and daily life. Efforts to improve
food allergy-related quality of life among caregivers are also discussed.
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome 1463
Stephanie A. Leonard and Anna Nowak-Wfgrzyn
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a rare, non-
immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy primarily diag-
nosed in infancy, but has also been reported in older children and adults.
Acute FPIES reactions typically present with delayed, repetitive vomiting,
lethargy, and pallor within 1 to 4 hours of food ingestion. Chronic FPIES
typically presents with protracted vomiting and/or diarrhea, and weight
Contents xi
loss or poor growth. Common foods triggering FPIES include cow s milk,
soy, rice, oats, fish, and egg. More detailed diagnostic criteria may help in
increasing awareness of FPIES and reducing delayed diagnoses or
misdiagnoses.
Gut Microbiome and the Development of Food Allergy and Allergic Disease 1479
Benjamin T. Prince, Mark J. Mandel, Kari Nadeau, and Anne Marie Singh
The impact of gut microbiome on human development, nutritional needs,
and disease has become evident with advances in the ability to study
these complex communities of microorganisms, and there is growing
appreciation for the role of the microbiome in immune regulation. Several
studies have examined associations between changes in the commensal
microbiota and the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and asthma,
but far less have evaluated the impact of the microbiome on the develop-
ment of food allergy. This article reviews the human gastrointestinal micro-
biome, focusing on the theory and evidence for its role in the development
of IgE-mediated food allergy and other allergic diseases.
Breast Milk and Food Allergy: Connections and Current Recommendations 1493
Alice E.W. Hoyt, Tegan Medico, and Scott P. Commins
Breast milk, a living source of nutrition for babies, complements a baby s
immune system, supplementing undeveloped defenses with immune fac-
tors while creating the foundation for the innate and adaptive immune sys-
tems. Such immune development includes tolerance of the environment
and, in the case of food allergy, a lack of tolerance. Recent research ques-
tions the previous opinion that breast milk is protective against food
allergy. This article reviews the immature immune system, the immunology
and nutrition of breast milk, the literature exploring breast milk and food al-
lergy, and the current recommendations regarding breast milk and the pre-
vention of food allergy.
The Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Study: The Benefits of Early Peanut
Introduction, and a New Horizon in Fighting the Food Allergy Epidemic 1509
Matthew Greenhawt
Observational studies have explored associations between timing of pea-
nut, egg, and milk introduction and food allergy development, noting sig-
nificant associations with reduced respective rates of milk, egg, and
peanut allergy associated with earlier timing of introduction. Interventional
studies developed to more definitively explore these outcomes have been
published for egg and peanut, and are ongoing for multiple other allergens.
This review focuses on the recent publication regarding the LEAP
(Learning Early About Peanut Allergy) study, its highly favorable results,
the policy implications of its findings, and the horizon for primary preven-
tion as a realistic strategy to prevent food allergy.
Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance 1523
Scott P. Commins
Oral tolerance is an active process of local and systemic immune unre-
sponsiveness to orally ingested antigens such as food. The gut immune
xii Contents
system must balance responses to commensal bacteria (microbiome),
innocuous antigens, and pathogens. Although it is clear that specialized
populations of immune cells and lymph nodes create a unique environ-
ment in the gut, there remains evidence to suggest that systemic effector
sites also are critical to establishing and maintaining oral tolerance.
Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy 1531
Bruce J. Lanser, Benjamin L. Wright, Kelly A. Orgel, Brian P. Vickery, and
David M. Fleischer
Food allergy is increasing in prevalence; as a result, there is intense focus
on developing safe and effective therapies. Current methods of specific
immunotherapy include oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous, while nonspe-
cific methods that have been investigated include: Chinese herbal medi-
cine, probiotics, and anti-lgE antibodies. Although some studies have
demonstrated efficacy in inducing desensitization, questions regarding
safety and the potential for achieving immune tolerance remain. Although
some of these therapies demonstrate promise, further investigation is
required before their incorporation into routine clinical practice.
Index
1551
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| spelling | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention ed. Ruchi S. Gupta Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier 2015 XVIII S., S. 1363 - 1562 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pediatric clinics of North America 62,6 Clinics review articles Gupta, Ruchi S. (DE-588)1079638350 edt Pediatric clinics of North America 62,6 (DE-604)BV000001093 62,6 http://digitool.hbz-nrw.de:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6547522&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Childhood food allergy Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028620547&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention Pediatric clinics of North America |
| title | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention |
| title_auth | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention |
| title_exact_search | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention |
| title_full | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention ed. Ruchi S. Gupta |
| title_fullStr | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention ed. Ruchi S. Gupta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Childhood food allergy current management, emerging therapies, and prevention ed. Ruchi S. Gupta |
| title_short | Childhood food allergy |
| title_sort | childhood food allergy current management emerging therapies and prevention |
| title_sub | current management, emerging therapies, and prevention |
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