Icebergs: their science and links to global change
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2016
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 240 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781107067097 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Icebergs are a prime example of an environmental phenomenon that brings
together multiple disciplines in the polar sciences from the physics of cal ving
and melting to the geology of their solid deposits and sea-floor interactions.
Icebergs are also increasingly seen to play a key role in past and present climate
change in causing the addition of freshwater to the ocean, in providing invaluable
information through their debris, in fertilising the polar oceans and in increasing
hazards to Arctic travel and development.
This book gives a comprehensive multidisciplinary view of icebergs and their
interaction with the Earth system, from the physical and biological interaction
with the ocean and climate, to how iceberg detritus informs us about past Earth
history. It also examines societal and cultural aspects of icebergs in terms of the
risks, such as iceberg tsunamis and giant icebergs, and how techniques such as
remote sensing, radar and modelling are used to monitor these iceberg hazards,
as well as the opportunities, including the use of icebergs as a freshwater source.
The book concludes by considering how these risks and opportunities might
develop in the future.
With extensive illustrations and key links to online resources, Icebergs is a valuable
reference for academic researchers and graduate students studying oceanography,
cryospheric science, climatology and environmental science.
Contents
Preface page ix
Acknowledgements xi
1 Appointment with the Titanic 1
1.1 The Titanic iceberg 1
1.1.1 The origin of the iceberg 2
1.1.2 Titanic rendezvous 4
1.1.3 The fate of the iceberg 10
1.2 Icebergs and society 11
1.2.1 Development of the concept of “iceberg” 11
1.2.2 Iceberg as icon 16
Part I The science of icebergs 21
2 The origin of icebergs 23
2.1 Ice sheets and glaciers 24
2.1.1 Mountain glaciers 24
2.1.2 Ice sheets ֊ Greenland and the High Arctic ice caps 25
2.1.3 Ice sheets ֊ Antarctica 29
2.2 Getting ice to the sea 31
2.2.1 Ice streams, shelves and cliffs 34
2.2.2 Entrainment of debris 37
2.2.3 Life in the ice 39
2.3 Calving 40
2.3.1 Calving styles 40
2.3.2 Why do icebergs calve? 42
2.3.3 From Qord to sea 46
3 The physics of icebergs 52
3.1 The physics of iceberg movement 53
v
vi Contents
3.1.1 Basic forces driving iceberg motion 53
3.1.2 Iceberg stability 56
3.1.3 Inertial oscillations 57
3.2 Iceberg thermodynamics 59
3.3 The coupling of icebergs to the Earth system 62
3.3.1 Ocean-iceberg interaction 62
3.3.2 The microclimate of icebergs 65
3.3.3 Icebergs and the solid Earth 68
3.4 Iceberg distribution 69
3.4.1 Northern Hemisphere 70
3.4.2 Southern Hemisphere 74
4 Inputs from icebergs to the ocean 82
4.1 The impact of meltwater on the ocean ։ 82
4.1.1 Impact on large-scale freshwater fluxes to the ocean 85
4.2 Iceberg fertilisation 88
4.2.1 Biogeochemistry and phytoplankton response 89
4.2.2 Ecosystem response 93
4.2.3 Contribution to global geochemical cycles 95
5 Icebergs and the sea floor 101
5.1 Icebergs in contact with the sea floor 102
5.1.1 The physics of scouring and grounding 102
5.1.2 The geomorphology of scouring and grounding 104
5.1.3 The sedimentary record of scouring and grounding 106
5.1.4 The impact of grounding and scouring on the benthic
ecosystem 107
5.2 Deposition from icebergs on the sea floor 110
5.2.1 Ice-rafted debris 111
5.2.2 The marine sedimentary record 117
Part II Icebergs and their impacts 125
6 Icebergs and past climates 127
6.1 IRD before the Mesozoic 128
6.2 Antarctica and the beginning of Cenozoic glaciations 131
6.3 Initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciations 133
6.3.1 Milankovitch cycles 133
6.3.2 Onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation as seen
through IRD 137
6.4 Quaternary glacial cycles 138
6.5 The last glacial cycle 145
6.5.1 The main divisions of the last glacial cycle 145
Contents
vii
6.5.2 The concept of the LGM and Heinrich events 146
6.6 The IRD record in the Holocene 149
7 Abrupt climate change due to icebergs 155
7.1 TheMOC 156
7.2 Heinrich events 159
7.2.1 Cause of Heinrich events 161
7.2.2 Variation in Heinrich events through the last glacial cycle 162
7.2.3 Ocean and climate impacts 164
7.3 HI and déglaciation 167
7.4 Holocene IRD peaks 169
7.4.1 The Younger Dryas and the beginning of the Holocene 169
7.4.2 Millennial IRD cycles 169
7.5 Heinrich-like events 170
7.5.1 The Arctic 171
7.5.2 The Southern Ocean 172
7.5.3 The North Pacific 173
7.5.4 Global coupling with H4? 176
8 Iceberg risk 182
8.1 Icebergs as a shipping hazard 183
8.1.1 History 184
8.1.2 Response to the Titanic: the International Ice Patrol 186
8.1.3 The risk to modem shipping 188
8.2 Icebergs as a risk to fixed installations 189
8.2.1 Ocean platforms 189
8.2.2 Coastal installations 190
8.2.3 Undersea risks 191
8.3 Detecting and monitoring iceberg risk 192
8.3.1 Radar 192
8.3.2 Remote sensing 193
8.4 Predicting iceberg risk 196
8.4.1 Modelling 197
8.5 Avoiding iceberg risk 201
8.5.1 Ice hazard services 202
8.5.2 Towing or removing icebergs 203
9 Icebergs: a freshwater source? 209
9.1 History prior to the 1970s 209
9.2 The 1970s: emergence of a new concept 211
9.2.1 The vision 211
9.2.2 Focusing on the vision’s issues 213
9.2.3 The reality 216
9.3 Iceberg freshwater revisited 216
Contents
viii
10 Icebergs and the future 220
10.1 The iconic status of icebergs 220
10.1.1 Past concerns 220
10.1.2 The current state 222
10.2 Icebergs in a warming world 223
10.2.1 Glacial and iceberg change over the twenty-first century 226
10.2.2 The next millennium 228
10.3 An evolving iceberg hazard? 230
10.4 The future: an iceberg-free world or the return of the ice sheets? 232
Index 237
|
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| spelling | Bigg, Grant R. Verfasser aut Icebergs their science and links to global change Grant R. Bigg Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2016 xi, 240 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Eisberg (DE-588)4151475-0 gnd rswk-swf Glaziologie (DE-588)4205614-7 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Eisberg (DE-588)4151475-0 s Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Glaziologie (DE-588)4205614-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028616102&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028616102&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bigg, Grant R. Icebergs their science and links to global change Eisberg (DE-588)4151475-0 gnd Glaziologie (DE-588)4205614-7 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4151475-0 (DE-588)4205614-7 (DE-588)4164199-1 |
| title | Icebergs their science and links to global change |
| title_auth | Icebergs their science and links to global change |
| title_exact_search | Icebergs their science and links to global change |
| title_full | Icebergs their science and links to global change Grant R. Bigg |
| title_fullStr | Icebergs their science and links to global change Grant R. Bigg |
| title_full_unstemmed | Icebergs their science and links to global change Grant R. Bigg |
| title_short | Icebergs |
| title_sort | icebergs their science and links to global change |
| title_sub | their science and links to global change |
| topic | Eisberg (DE-588)4151475-0 gnd Glaziologie (DE-588)4205614-7 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eisberg Glaziologie Klimaänderung |
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