Designing the requirements: building applications that the user wants and needs
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Addison-Wesley
[2016]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 372 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780134021218 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface .............................................................. xiii
Acknowledgments ....................................................... xxi
About the Author..................................................... xxiii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Context-Driven Design .......................1
Designing Requirements ........................................ 2
What Is Design?................................................. 9
Ad Hoc Design ........................................... 12
Planned Design ........................................ 14
Engineered Design ....................................... 14
Summary of Design Approaches ............................ 18
Making IT Application Development More of
an Engineering Discipline .................................. 19
Taking IT Architecture into Account ............................ 20
Concluding Remarks............................................ 21
Chapter 2: A Hierarchy of Designs .......................................23
justifying the Hierarchy of Designs ............................ 23
Context Design ............................................... 28
Tasks ................................................ 28
User Groups.............................................. 30
Data Tables ......................................... 30
Messages between Tasks .................................. 31
Task Dependencies .................................... 31
Putting It All Together................................ 32
Analysis of the Context Design ........................... 34
Integration Design ......................................... 35
Technical Design .............................................. 41
User Interface Design ....................................... 44
VII
Contents
Vlll
Database Design ................................................ 46
Implementation ................................................. 47
Is It Really Engineering? ...................................... 48
Concluding Remarks.............................................. 51
Chapter 3: Reusing Existing Methods and Practices........................53
Agile .......................................................... 54
Individuals and Interactions over Processes and Tools .... 55
Working Software over Comprehensive Documentation......... 56
Customer Collaboration over Contract Negotiations......... 58
Responding to Change over Following a Plan ............... 59
Conclusion ............................................... 60
Upside-Down Design ............................................. 60
Use Cases....................................................... 62
Atomicity................................................. 63
Confusion of Design Layers ............................... 64
Use Cases Are Confusing................................... 66
Large Use Case Documents Are Hard to Understand .......... 67
Use Cases Do Not Assist Engineered Design................. 67
Conclusion ............................................... 68
The Problem with Estimating Cost ............................... 68
Why Is BDUF Big? ............................................... 72
Iterations ..................................................... 74
Quality ........................................................ 75
Testing and Inspection ......................................... 76
Using Existing Practices in Context-Driven Design .............. 78
Learning Organizations ......................................... 80
Concluding Remarks ............................................. 80
Chapter 4: The Problem of Large Applications ............................83
The Dimensions of Size.......................................... 84
Problems with Large Projects ................................... 88
Requirements Problems .................................... 88
Lack of End User Support ................................. 91
Technical Design Problems ................................ 93
Procurement and Outsourcing .............................. 96
Can Large Projects Be Avoided? ................................ 100
Concluding Remarks ............................................ 103
Contents
ix
Chapter 5: The Relationship with the Business ...........................105
Understanding Business Processes ............................... 106
When It’s Not a Process ........................................ 112
Business Services ....................................... 112
Resource Management ..................................... 113
Reviewing and Monitoring ................................ 115
The Need for a Wider View....................................... 115
Applying the Business Strategy to Application Development ...... 118
Speed of Development..................................... 119
Cost versus Performance and Availability .............. 119
Experimental Business Programs........................... 120
How Long Before the Benefits ............................ 120
The Need for Security ................................... 120
Designing for the Existing Culture ...................... 120
Design for a Culture to Which the Organization Aspires...121
Allow for Changing Plans................................ 122
Support a Learning Organization...........................122
Non-Business Applications.................................122
Analysis ..................................................... 123
Is the Process Well Formed? ............................. 123
Dependency Analysis...................................... 123
Objectives Analysis ..................................... 127
Concluding Remarks ............................................. 128
Chapter 6: The Relationship with the Users...............................129
Adding the Detail .............................................. 129
Task Details ............................................ 131
Task Fragments ........................................ 135
Common Purpose Groups ................................... 135
Data Tables ............................................. 136
Messages ................................................ 137
Nonfunctional Requirements .............................. 138
Who Uses the Context Design ? ........................... 140
Who Are the Users? ............................................. 141
Business Process Operations ............................. 142
Monitoring by Management ................................ 143
Data Used by Other Applications ......................... 147
Data Analysis ........................................... 148
X
Contents
Application Administration ................................ 149
Analyzing the Context Design..................................... 151
Process Layer ............................................ 151
Task Details............................................... 153
Data Table Details ........................................ 154
User Group Details ........................................ 155
Message Details............................................ 155
Reviewing the Context Design .................................... 156
Concluding Remarks................................................ 158
Chapter 7: The Relationship to Other IT Projects ..........................159
Integration Design................................................ 161
Applications .............................................. 161
Services .................................................. 162
Databases ................................................. 165
Services Interface Design......................................... 170
Service Interface Definition .............................. 172
Designing Reusable Services ............................... 176
Existing Applications ............................................ 178
Knowing What Is There...................................... 178
Replacing Existing Applications ........................... 180
Fashioning Services from Existing Applications ............ 184
Looking Back at the Design Process ............................... 186
Concluding Remarks.........*..................................... 188
Chapter 8: User Interface Design and Ease of Use ..........................189
Logical User Interfaces .......................................... 191
From Tasks to Clicks.............................................. 194
Ease of Use ...................................................... 199
Function .................................................. 200
Information ............................................... 201
Navigation ................................................ 202
Text .................................................... 202
Help ...................................................... 203
Intuitive and Likable Applications ........................ 203
Ease-of-Use Design ...................................... 205
Monitoring Ease of Use..................................... 208
Transaction and Task Integrity ................................... 208
Contents
xi
The User Interface Design and the Other Detailed Designs .... 212
Concluding Remarks ........................................... 212
Chapter 9: Database Design.............................................215
Database Design .............................................. 215
Database Design Theory ....................................... 223
Programmers versus the Database Designer .................... 233
Database Access Services ..................................... 236
NoSQL ........................................................ 238
Concluding Remarks ........................................... 242
Chapter 10: Technical Design—Principles ...............................243
Principles of High Performance on a Single Machine ........... 244
Cache................................................... 245
Multithreading and Multiprocessing ..................... 248
Principles of High Performance on Many Servers................ 252
Front-End Parallelism .................................. 252
Back-End Parallelism ................................... 256
Principles of High Resiliency ................................ 260
The Need for Testing and Benchmarking ........................ 263
The Technical Design Process ................................. 265
Concluding Remarks............................................ 268
Chapter 11: Technical Design—Structure ................................271
Program Structure ............................................ 272
What Is a Framework? ......................................... 276
The Variety of Programming Languages ......................... 281
Choosing a Programming Language and Framework ................ 286
Choose a Language that Fits Your Organization’s Skill Set .. 287 Choose a Language that Is Appropriate for
Your Application’s Performance Goals ................ 287
Choose a Language that Can Meet Your
Integration Requirements .............*............. 287
Choose a Language that Supports Group
Working If Needed ................................... 287
Choose Version Control Software and Project Management
Software as Well as a Language ...................... 288
Choose a Language that Chimes with Your Development Methodology ........................................... 289
xii Contents
Extending the Framework ......................................... 290
Implementing Common Functionality ............................... 293
Concluding Remarks............................................... 295
Chapter 12: Security Design..............................................297
IT Application Security Principles .............................. 299
Authentication............................................. 300
Access Control............................................. 302
User Administration ....................................... 303
Security Protection ....................................... 304
Security Monitoring .....................*................ 306
The Security Elements of Each Design ............................. 307
Context Design ............................................ 307
Integration Design ........................................ 311
User Interface Design ..................................... 312
Database Design ........................................... 312
Technical Design .......................................... 314
Security Programming.............................................. 316
Concluding Remarks ............................................... 319
Chapter 13: The Future of Application Development .........................323
How Context-Driven Design Changes Application Development ... 323
Context-Driven Design Opportunities .............................. 325
New Tools ................................................. 326
Context and Integration Design ............................ 328
User Interface and Database Design ........................ 328
Technical Design .......................................... 329
The Application Development Challenges ........................... 332
Flexibility................................................ 332
Operations................................................. 334
Correctness ............................................... 335
Quality ................................................... 336
Professionalism ........................................... 337
Concluding Remarks ............................................... 339
Appendix A: Context Design Checklist ......................................341
Description ...................................................... 341
Elaboration ............................................... 344
Analysis .................................................. 344
References ................................................................349
Index .....................................................................353
|oo many software applications don t do what s needed or they do it dumsily, frustrating their users and owners. The core problem: pooriy conceived and poorly crafted requirements, in Designing the DeqnkememtK
Chris Britton explains why it s not enough to simply gather” requirements—you need to design them.
Britton offers powerful techniques for understanding stakeholders concerns and working with stakeholders to get the requirements right Using Britton s context-driven approach to requirements design, you can detect inconsistencies, incompleteness, poor usability, and misalignment with business goals upstream—long before developers start coding. You can also design outward-looking applications and services that will integrate more effectively in a coherent IT architecture.
First, Britton explains what requirements design really means and presents a hierarchy of designs that move step by step from requirements through implementation. Next, he demonstrates how to build on requirements processes you already use and howto overcome their serious limitations in large-scale development Then, he walks you through designing your application s relationship with the business, users, data, and other
maximum scalability and resilience.
Whether you re a software designer, architect project manager, or programmer. Designing the ftagukemanta
will help you design software that works-for users, IT, and the entire business.
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| spelling | Britton, Chris aut Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs Chris Britton New York Addison-Wesley [2016] xxiii, 372 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Computer software Specifications Application software Development Benutzerfreundlichkeit (DE-588)4005541-3 gnd rswk-swf Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd rswk-swf Benutzerorientierung (DE-588)4391852-9 gnd rswk-swf Design (DE-588)4011510-0 s Benutzerorientierung (DE-588)4391852-9 s Benutzerfreundlichkeit (DE-588)4005541-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028601180&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028601180&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Britton, Chris Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs Computer software Specifications Application software Development Benutzerfreundlichkeit (DE-588)4005541-3 gnd Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd Benutzerorientierung (DE-588)4391852-9 gnd |
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| title | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs |
| title_auth | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs |
| title_exact_search | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs |
| title_full | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs Chris Britton |
| title_fullStr | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs Chris Britton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs Chris Britton |
| title_short | Designing the requirements |
| title_sort | designing the requirements building applications that the user wants and needs |
| title_sub | building applications that the user wants and needs |
| topic | Computer software Specifications Application software Development Benutzerfreundlichkeit (DE-588)4005541-3 gnd Design (DE-588)4011510-0 gnd Benutzerorientierung (DE-588)4391852-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computer software Specifications Application software Development Benutzerfreundlichkeit Design Benutzerorientierung |
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