The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kassel, [Germany]
Kassel University Press
2012
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed January 25, 2014) |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (151 pages) illustrations |
| ISBN: | 9783862192311 3862192318 9783862192304 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster |c Thomas Hauling |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG AUF DEUTSCH
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AIM OF THIS WORK
1 INTRODUCTION
IV
VII
XI
1
2
1.1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF INSECTS 3
1.2 THE DTTOSOPHLLA IMMUNE SYSTEM 5
1.2.1 SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT REGULATE IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION 6
1.2.2 DROSOPHILA HEMATOPO1ESIS 11
1.2.3 PHAGOCYTOSIS OF APOPTOTIC CELLS AND PATHOGENS 12
1.2.4 OPSONISAT1ON - THE PUTATIVE ROLE OF TEPS 13
1.2.5 ENCAPSULATION 14
1.2.6 CLOTTING / COAGULATION 16
1.2.7 THE PROPHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVATING SYSTEM (PAS) 16
1.3 AUTOIMMUNE MUTANTS IN DROSOPHILA 19
1.4 THE DANGER MODEL TO EXPLAIN IMMUNE ACTIVATION 20
1.4.1 THE HYDROPHOBICITY MODEL 20
1.5 THE CONCEPTS OF CANCER IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE AND IMMUNOEDITING 21
1.6 DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AS A CANCER MODEL 21
1.7 ONCOGENESAND TUMOR SUPPRESSORS 22
1.7.1 TUMOR SUPPRESSORS OF THE APICOBASAL POLARITY MODULE 23
1.7.2 THE HIPPO TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PATHWAY 23
1.8 TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) 24
1.8.1 TNF SIGNALING AND MAMMALIAN CANCER 24
1.9 BREAKDOWN OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IS REQUIRED FOR TUMOR INVASIVENESS
25
1.10 APOPTOSIS 26
1.11 ADVANTAGES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AS A MODEL SYSTEM 26
1.12 OUTLINE OF THIS PROIECT 27
2 MATERIALS 2FI
2.1 REAGENTS 28
2.2 BUFFERS AND SOLUTIONS 29
2.3 FLY STRAINS 31
2.4 CONSUMABLES 33
2.5 TOOLS AND DEVICES 34
2.6 SOFTWARE 35
2 MET-HOJ2S 2FI
3.1 INSECT CULTURE 36
3.1.1 DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CULTURE 36
3.1.2 GALLERIA MELLONELLA CULTURE 37
3.1.3 REARING OF PARARGEAEGERIA 38
3.1.4 REARING OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE 38
XV
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1018780211
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
3.2 FLY HANDLING 38
3.3 HANDLING OF LARVAE 39
3.4 DISSECTION OF LARVAL TISSUE 40
3.5 DISSECTION OF WINGS 40
3.6 HANGING DROP METHOD 40
3.7 CLOT PREPARATIONS 41
3.8 PPO ACTIVATION IN HEMOLYMPH 41
3.8.1 DOT BLOTTING 42
3.9 INJECTION OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN (PGN) INTO LARVAE 42
3.10 LIVE IMAGING OF GFP EXPRESSING LARVAE 43
3.11 IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRYANDHISTOCHEMISTRY 43
3.11.1 DETECTION OF HEMOCYTES AND MMP1 ON LARVAL TISSUE 43
3.11.2 DETECTION OF HEMOCYTE CLASSES IN BLEEDS 45
3.12 DETECTION OF NECROTIC OR LATE-APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN SALIVARY
GLANDS 48
3.13 DETECTION OF APOPTOSIS IN SALIVARY GLANDS 48
3.14 IMAGE ANALYSIS BASED QUANTIFICATION 49
3.14.1 DETERMINATION OF SALIVARY GLAND SIZE 49
3.14.2 QUANTIFICATION OF HEMOCYTE ADHERANCE ON SALIVARY GLANDS 49
3.15 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 51
3.16 ECTOPIC INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS AND IMAGING 51
3.17 INDUCTION OF ABERRANT SELF WITH THE GAL4 SYSTEM 51
3.18 RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAL) AS A TOOL TO STUDY GENE FUNCTION 52
3.19 GENERATING FLY STRAINS 53
3.20 FLY STOCKS GENERATED FOR THIS WORK 54
3.21 FLY STOCKS GENERATED THAT WILL BE USED TO ADDRESS ADDITIONAL
QUESTIONS 55
4. RESULTS 5FI
4.1 THE ACTIVATION OF PPO IN DIPTERANS AND LEPIDOPTERANS: MICROBIAL
ELICITORS VERSUS
DANGER SIGNALS 56
4.1.1 MELANIZATION PATTERNS IN THE CLOT OF DIPTERAN AND LEPIDOPTERAN
LARVAE ARE
DIFFERENT 56
4.1.2 INJECTION OF BACTERIAL ELICITORS INTO THE LARVAL HEMOCOEL PROVOKES
SYSTEMIC
MELANIZATION IN GALLERIA BUT NOT IN DROSOPHILA 58
4.1.3 ENDOGENOUS DANGER SIGNALS ACTIVATE DROSOPHILA PPO AFTER INJURY 58
4.1.4 KNOCKDOWN OF SPN27A LEADS TO SYSTEMIC MELANIZATION AT THE EXPENSE
OF CLOT
MELANIZATION 61
4.1.5 ECTOPIC INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS DOES NOT GENERALLY ACTIVATE PPO 63
4.2 THE ACTIVATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY ALTERED SELF IN
DROSOPHILA LARVAE 64
4.2.1 INDUCTION OF TUMOR-LIKE ALTERED SELF WITH THE GAL 4 SYSTEM 65
4.2.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF RAS
2
ABERRANT TISSUE 68
4.2.3 THE CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST RAS
VI2
ABERRANT SALIVARY GLAND IS
ENCAPSULATION 73
4.2.4 ENCAPSULATION DEPENDS ON RAS
V12
DOSAGE 77
4.2.5 PLASMATOCYTE ATTACHMENT CORRELATES WITH CELL DEATH IN RAS
V12
SALIVARY GLANDS 80
4.2.6 PARTIAL TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR [EIGER) DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN LARGER
RAS
V12
SALIVARY
GLANDS AND ENHANCED ENCAPSULATION 84
4.2.7 AN IMMUNE MUTANT, WHICH LACKS FUNCTIONAL CRYSTAL CELLS ENHANCES
NON-MELANOTIC
ENCAPSULATION AND GROWTH OF RAS
VI2
SALIVARY GLANDS 85
4.2.8 ABERRANT SALIVARY GLANDS INDUCE EXPRESSION OF HUMORAL TEPL
INTHEFATBODY 91
S DISCUSSION 22
5.1 ENDOGENOUS AND MICROBIAL FACTORS ACTIVATE INSECT PPO 93
5.1.1 ACTIVATION OF PPO: DIPTERANS VERSUS LEPIDOPTERANS 93
XVI
5.1.2 MODEL OF PPO ACTIVATION IN THE CLOT OF DROSOPHILA LARVAE 94
5.1.3 ABERRANT APOPTOSIS CAN ACTIVATE THE PPO CASCADE 95
S.2 AN INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMOR-LIKE TISSUE IN DROSOPHILA
MELANOGASTER 96
5.2.1 INDUCING TUMOROUS OVERGROWTH WITH THE GAL 4 SYSTEM - EXPRESSION OF
RAS
V12
IN
LARVAL SALIVARY GLANDS IS SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE INVASIVE OVERGROWTH 97
5.2.2 ABERRANT SALIVARY GLANDS INDUCE TEP1, OPENING A NEW PATH TOWARDS
FUNCTIONAL
UNDERSTANDING OF THE TEP FAMILY 98
5.2.3 ENCAPSULATION - THE CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST RAS
V12
SALIVARY GLANDS AND FAT
BODY TUMORS 99
5.2.4 SALIVARY GLANDS VERSUS IMAGINAL DISCS 100
5.2.5 ENCAPSULATION AND PO 101
5.2.6 DOES ABERRANT TISSUE INHIBIT LAMELLOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN TRANS?
102
5.2.7 PO AND ITS ROLE IN CONTROL OF TUMOR GROWTH 103
5.2.8 TNF (ELGER) RESTRICTS GROWTH OF RAS
V12
SALIVARY GLANDS 104
5.2.9 ELGER AND THE ACTIVATION OF PPO 105
5.2.10 A MACROPHAGES TRANSITION CAN BE MODELED IN DROSOPHILA 106
5.2.11 POTENTIAL IMMUNE-STIMULATOR SIGNALS RELEASED BY ABERRANT TISSUE
107
5.2.12 WOUND HEALING AND CANCER 107
5.2.13 IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CANCER 108
5.2.14 ONGOING EXPERIMENTS 108
CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK 111
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 112
FI REFERENCES 111
XVII
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| spelling | Hauling, Thomas Verfasser aut The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster Thomas Hauling Kassel, [Germany] Kassel University Press 2012 © 2012 1 online resource (151 pages) illustrations txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed January 25, 2014) SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / General bisacsh Drosophila melanogaster fast Insects / Immunology fast Insects Immunology Drosophila melanogaster Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Hauling, Thomas Activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=753793 Aggregator Volltext https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=753793 Verlag kostenfrei Volltext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028463007&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hauling, Thomas The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / General bisacsh Drosophila melanogaster fast Insects / Immunology fast Insects Immunology Drosophila melanogaster |
| title | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_auth | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_exact_search | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_full | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster Thomas Hauling |
| title_fullStr | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster Thomas Hauling |
| title_full_unstemmed | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster Thomas Hauling |
| title_short | The activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster |
| title_sort | the activation of the insect immune system by endogenous danger signals with emphasis on drosophila melanogaster |
| topic | SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / General bisacsh Drosophila melanogaster fast Insects / Immunology fast Insects Immunology Drosophila melanogaster |
| topic_facet | SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / General Drosophila melanogaster Insects / Immunology Insects Immunology |
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