Information, entropy, life and the universe: what we know and what we do not know
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore [u.a.]
World Scientific
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 453 - 462 |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 464 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789814651660 9814651664 9789814651677 9814651672 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Singapore [u.a.] |b World Scientific |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a XXVII, 464 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175375889072128 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Information, entropy, life, and the universe
Autor: Ben-Nāʿîm, Aryē
Jahr: 2015
Contents
Prologue: The Lost Information xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxvii
1. Information 3
1.1 The General Concept of Information ..........4
1.1.1 Private and common knowledge . 6
1.1.2 Knowledge obtained by
mathematical reasoning..........11
1.1.3 Information is always about
something — sometimes it is about
itself..............................14
1.1.4 True and false information .... 15
1.1.4.1 The liar paradox..........16
1.1.4.2 The catalog that does not
exist......................17
1.1.4.3 Admitting I am a liar can
save your life..............19
1.1.5 Can information flow, or be created
or destroyed?......................20
1.1.6 Can information be measured? . . 21
1.1.7 Precision of information..........23
1.1.8 Independent information and
mutual information..............24
1.1.9 Redundancy in information ... 27
1.2 Shannons Measure of Information....... 32
1.2.1 Interpretations of SMI...... 37
1.2.1.1 The uncertainty meaning of
SMI........... 37
1.2.1.2 The unlikelihood
interpretation............38
1.2.2 The meaning of SMI as a measure
of information....................38
1.2.3 The 20-question game...... 40
1.2.4 A well-defined 20Q game .... 42
1.2.5 Choice between uniformly
distributed games ........ 46
1.2.6 Choice between nonuniformly
distributed games ........ 49
1.2.7 Choice between a uniform (U) and a
nonuniform (NU) game..... 53
1.2.8 Misinterpretation of SMI as a
subjective quantity........ 56
1.2.9 Summary of the interpretations of
SMI............... 57
1.3 The Case of an Experiment with Two Outcomes;
Definition of the Bit.............. 60
1.3.1 Misconception about the bit ... 67
1.4 The General Case ............................70
1.5 Some Elementary Properties of the Function H 72
1.5.1 Continuity of H..................73
1.5.2 Concavity and the maximum of H 73
1.5.3 The consistency property of H . . 73
1.5.4 The case of an infinite number
of outcomes......................74
1.5.5 SMI and the average number of
binary questions..................76
1.6 Application of the Maximum Uncertainty
Principle........................................77
1.7 Application of SMI to the English
Language........................................82
1.8 Conditional Information and Mutual
Information....................................86
1.9 Redundancy....................................92
1.10 Some Simple Examples of SMI..................100
1.11 The Change in SMI for Some Simple
Processes........................................105
1.11.1 The expansion process............106
1.11.2 The pure mixing process..........107
1.11.3 The pure assimilation
process............................108
1.11.4 Mixing and expansion............110
1.11.5 Assimilation and expansion ... 111
1.11.6 Expansion into infinite
volume............................113
1.12 Can SMI Flow, or Be Created or
Destroyed?......................................114
1.13 Is Information Physical?........................122
1.14 Evolving Games................................131
1.15 Summary of Chapter 1..........................138
2. Entropy 143
2.1 Nonatomistic Formulation of the
Second Law..................144
2.1.1 Entropy change in the expansion
of an ideal gas.......... 152
2.2 Atomistic Formulation of the Second Law ... 160
2.3 Informational Derivation of Entropy
and the Second Law.............. 165
2.3.1 An outline of the derivation of the
entropy of an ideal gas...... 166
2.3.2 Properties of the fundamental
entropy function S(E, V, N) . . 184
2.3.3 MaxEnt or MaxSMI? ...... 188
2.3.4 Is entropy a subjective
quantity?............. 193
2.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics..... 198
2.4.1 What drives the system to an
equilibrium state? ........ 201
2.4.2 Why does the entropy always
increase?............. 206
2.4.3 Small systems and violations
of the Second Law........ 209
2.4.4 How did the system evolve? ... 210
2.5 The Association of the Second Law
with the Arrow of Time............ 211
2.6 Does the Maxwell Demon Defeat Entropy
or Is It Defeated by Entropy?.......... 227
2.6.1 An unintelligent demon .... 237
2.7 The Change in Entropy for Some Simple
Processes..................................243
2.7.1 Expansion of an ideal gas..... 244
2.7.2 The pure mixing process of ideal
gases............... 246
2.7.3 The pure assimilation process of
ideal gases............ 247
2.7.4 The process of mixing and
expansion............ 250
2.7.5 Assimilation with expansion . . . 252
2.7.6 A spontaneous process of
demixing............. 256
2.7.7 A spontaneous process involving
pure deassimilation........ 258
2.7.8 Spontaneous heat transfer from a
hot to a cold body........ 259
2.7.9 Some pathological processes
of expansion .......... 260
2.8 Can Entropy Flow Be Created or Destroyed? . . 265
2.9 Entropy as a Measure of Disorder....... 266
2.10 Summary of Chapter 2............. 269
3. Lib 275
3.1 Can Life Be Reduced to Physics and
Chemistry?................... 280
3.2 The Book of Life ............... 283
3.2.1 Replication of the information in
the DNA............. 286
3.2.2 Translation of the information from
the DNA into proteins...... 290
3.2.3 Execution of the information in the
process of folding the protein . . 294
3.2.4 Execution of the information
in the process of self-association
and molecular recognition .... 301
3.3 Application of Information Theory to DNA . . 304
3.4 Transmitting Information Between Molecules —
Direct and Indirect Interactions................311
3.5 Information Storage and Processing
in the Brain ....................................316
3.6 What Is Lib?....................................320
3.7 Fifty Years After What Is Life? ..................326
3.8 Entropy and Life................................330
3.8.1 Do we feed on negative
entropy?..........................334
3.8.2 Why shouldn t we feed on
information?......................337
3.8.3 Life and the Second Law of
Thermodynamics ................339
3.9 Is Schrodinger s Cat Alive or Dead? ............345
3.10 The Origin and Evolution of Life..............351
3.11 Entropy and Evolution..........................358
3.12 Summary of Chapter 3..........................362
4. The Universe 367
4.1 Entropy Change in a Simple Expansion
Process........................................369
4.2 Two Processes Involving Negative Change
in Entropy..............372
4.3 Entropy of the Universe?............ 378
4.4 Information and the Universe..........391
4.5 Entropy and Information of Black Holes . . . . 394
4.6 Summary of Chapter 4..........................401
Epilogue: The Future Hypothesis 403
Notes 409
References 453
Index 463
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ben-Naim, Arieh 1934- |
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| dewey-full | 003/.54 |
| dewey-hundreds | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| dewey-ones | 003 - Systems |
| dewey-raw | 003/.54 |
| dewey-search | 003/.54 |
| dewey-sort | 13 254 |
| dewey-tens | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| discipline | Physik Informatik |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Ben-Naim, Arieh 1934- Verfasser (DE-588)138575460 aut Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know Arieh Ben-Naim, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Singapore [u.a.] World Scientific 2015 XXVII, 464 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 453 - 462 Informationstheorie (DE-588)4026927-9 gnd rswk-swf Entropie (DE-588)4014894-4 gnd rswk-swf Biophysikalische Chemie (DE-588)4291844-3 gnd rswk-swf Informationstheorie (DE-588)4026927-9 s Entropie (DE-588)4014894-4 s Biophysikalische Chemie (DE-588)4291844-3 s DE-604 DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/815943660.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028448664&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ben-Naim, Arieh 1934- Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know Informationstheorie (DE-588)4026927-9 gnd Entropie (DE-588)4014894-4 gnd Biophysikalische Chemie (DE-588)4291844-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026927-9 (DE-588)4014894-4 (DE-588)4291844-3 |
| title | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know |
| title_auth | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know |
| title_exact_search | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know |
| title_full | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know Arieh Ben-Naim, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel |
| title_fullStr | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know Arieh Ben-Naim, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Information, entropy, life and the universe what we know and what we do not know Arieh Ben-Naim, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel |
| title_short | Information, entropy, life and the universe |
| title_sort | information entropy life and the universe what we know and what we do not know |
| title_sub | what we know and what we do not know |
| topic | Informationstheorie (DE-588)4026927-9 gnd Entropie (DE-588)4014894-4 gnd Biophysikalische Chemie (DE-588)4291844-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Informationstheorie Entropie Biophysikalische Chemie |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT bennaimarieh informationentropylifeandtheuniversewhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow |
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