Genetically modified crops and agricultural development:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
London
Palgrave-McMillan
2016
|
Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XVII, 206 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9781137405715 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV043022591 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20161228 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 151119s2016 xxu |||| 00||| eng d | ||
010 | |a 015017986 | ||
020 | |a 9781137405715 |9 978-1-137-40571-5 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)935263117 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV043022591 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
044 | |a xxu |c US | ||
049 | |a DE-M49 |a DE-Er8 |a DE-703 |a DE-11 | ||
050 | 0 | |a SB123.57 | |
082 | 0 | |a 631.5/233 |2 23 | |
084 | |a RB 10663 |0 (DE-625)142220:12815 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a WG 3450 |0 (DE-625)148549: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a ZB 64000 |0 (DE-625)154497:1552 |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a LAN 220f |2 stub | ||
084 | |a CIT 972f |2 stub | ||
100 | 1 | |a Qaim, Matin |d 1969- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)121976912 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Genetically modified crops and agricultural development |c Matin Qaim |
264 | 1 | |a London |b Palgrave-McMillan |c 2016 | |
300 | |a XVII, 206 Seiten | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy | |
500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
650 | 4 | |a Transgenic plants | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus |0 (DE-588)4353579-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Transgene Pflanzen |0 (DE-588)4311513-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pflanzenzüchtung |0 (DE-588)4045599-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gentechnologie |0 (DE-588)4071722-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nutzpflanzenzüchtung |0 (DE-588)4385541-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt |0 (DE-588)4535464-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Nutzpflanzenzüchtung |0 (DE-588)4385541-6 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Gentechnologie |0 (DE-588)4071722-7 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |D s |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt |0 (DE-588)4535464-9 |D s |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 2 | 0 | |a Pflanzenzüchtung |0 (DE-588)4045599-3 |D s |
689 | 2 | 1 | |a Gentechnologie |0 (DE-588)4071722-7 |D s |
689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 3 | 0 | |a Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus |0 (DE-588)4353579-3 |D s |
689 | 3 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 4 | 0 | |a Transgene Pflanzen |0 (DE-588)4311513-5 |D s |
689 | 4 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB |z 978-1-137-40573-9 |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, PDF |z 978-1-137-40572-2 |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028447363 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1812898897929961472 |
---|---|
adam_text |
CONTENTS
fi
Figures and Tables vii
Foreword ix
Christopher B. Barrett
Preface xiii
1. Introduction 1
2. Plant Breeding and Agricultural Development 15
3. Potentials and Risks of GM Crops 39
4. Adoption and Impacts of GM Crops 57
5. New and Future GM Crop Applications 85
6. GM Crop Regulation 109
7. The Complex Public Debate 135
8. Conclusions 165
References 181
Index 197
“[Qaim] debunks some of the most popular arguments against GMOs and presents convincing
evidence that GM crops have already made major contributions to improving people's
lives. This is essential reading for economists and social scientists working on agricultural
technology issues, as well as for plant scientists interested in the societal implications of
their work."
—David Zilberman, Professor of Agricultural and Resource
Economics, University of California, Berkeley, USA
“In his 20 years of research on this topic, Qaim has shown convincingly that GM crops can
benefit poor societies in developing countries. This remarkable book will hopefully contribute
to a more rational and science-based discourse in the future."
—Ingo Potrykus, Professor of Plant Sciences, Emeritus,
ETH Zürich, Switzerland; co-inventor of Golden Rice
“This path-breaking book combines intellectual courage and analytical rigor. It brings
balanced research and sobriety to one of the most controversial technological developments
of the early twenty-first century."
—Calestous Juma, Professor of the Practice of International Development,
Harvard Kennedy School, USA; author of The New Harvest
In spite of the rapid adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops in some countries, the use
of this technology remains contentious. Public opposition and overregulation have become
real threats to further developments in modern plant sciences. Genetically Modified Crops
and Agricultural Development analyzes the impacts of current and possible future GM crop
applications and shows that these technologies can contribute substantially to sustainable
agricultural development and food security. Popular narratives about “Frankenfoods,"
“Genetic Contamination," and “Terminator Genes" are deconstructed. Continued opposition
to technologies that were shown to be beneficial and safe entails unnecessary human
suffering and environmental degradation. To advance GM crop innovations, better science
communication, more integrity in public and policy debates, and streamlined regulatory
approaches are required.
Matin Qaim is Professor of International Food Economics and Rural Development at the
University of Goettingen, Germany. He has over 20 years of research experience in countries
in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. He has published widely in academic journals and is a
member of various scientific and policy advisory committees.
ISBN 978-1-137-40571-5 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Qaim, Matin 1969- |
author_GND | (DE-588)121976912 |
author_facet | Qaim, Matin 1969- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Qaim, Matin 1969- |
author_variant | m q mq |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV043022591 |
callnumber-first | S - Agriculture |
callnumber-label | SB123 |
callnumber-raw | SB123.57 |
callnumber-search | SB123.57 |
callnumber-sort | SB 3123.57 |
callnumber-subject | SB - Plant Culture |
classification_rvk | RB 10663 WG 3450 ZB 64000 |
classification_tum | LAN 220f CIT 972f |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)935263117 (DE-599)BVBBV043022591 |
dewey-full | 631.5/233 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 631 - Techniques, equipment & materials |
dewey-raw | 631.5/233 |
dewey-search | 631.5/233 |
dewey-sort | 3631.5 3233 |
dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
discipline | Biologie Agrarwissenschaft Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Biotechnologie Pflanzenbau Geographie |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV043022591</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20161228</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">151119s2016 xxu |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">015017986</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781137405715</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-137-40571-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)935263117</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV043022591</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-M49</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Er8</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">SB123.57</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">631.5/233</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">RB 10663</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)142220:12815</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WG 3450</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)148549:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZB 64000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)154497:1552</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">LAN 220f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CIT 972f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Qaim, Matin</subfield><subfield code="d">1969-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)121976912</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Genetically modified crops and agricultural development</subfield><subfield code="c">Matin Qaim</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London</subfield><subfield code="b">Palgrave-McMillan</subfield><subfield code="c">2016</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XVII, 206 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transgenic plants</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4353579-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Transgene Pflanzen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4311513-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Pflanzenzüchtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045599-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gentechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071722-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Landwirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4034402-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Nutzpflanzenzüchtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4385541-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4535464-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nutzpflanzenzüchtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4385541-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Gentechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071722-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Landwirtschaft</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4034402-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4535464-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Pflanzenzüchtung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4045599-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Gentechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4071722-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="3" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4353579-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Transgene Pflanzen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4311513-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="4" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, EPUB</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-137-40573-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, PDF</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-137-40572-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028447363</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
id | DE-604.BV043022591 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-10-14T14:11:56Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781137405715 |
language | English |
lccn | 015017986 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028447363 |
oclc_num | 935263117 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-Er8 DE-703 DE-11 |
owner_facet | DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-Er8 DE-703 DE-11 |
physical | XVII, 206 Seiten |
publishDate | 2016 |
publishDateSearch | 2016 |
publishDateSort | 2016 |
publisher | Palgrave-McMillan |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy |
spelling | Qaim, Matin 1969- Verfasser (DE-588)121976912 aut Genetically modified crops and agricultural development Matin Qaim London Palgrave-McMillan 2016 XVII, 206 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy Includes bibliographical references and index Transgenic plants Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd rswk-swf Transgene Pflanzen (DE-588)4311513-5 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Nutzpflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4385541-6 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt (DE-588)4535464-9 gnd rswk-swf Nutzpflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4385541-6 s Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 s DE-604 Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt (DE-588)4535464-9 s Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 s Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 s Transgene Pflanzen (DE-588)4311513-5 s 1\p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-137-40573-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-137-40572-2 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
spellingShingle | Qaim, Matin 1969- Genetically modified crops and agricultural development Transgenic plants Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd Transgene Pflanzen (DE-588)4311513-5 gnd Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Nutzpflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4385541-6 gnd Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt (DE-588)4535464-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4353579-3 (DE-588)4311513-5 (DE-588)4045599-3 (DE-588)4071722-7 (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4385541-6 (DE-588)4535464-9 |
title | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development |
title_auth | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development |
title_exact_search | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development |
title_full | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development Matin Qaim |
title_fullStr | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development Matin Qaim |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development Matin Qaim |
title_short | Genetically modified crops and agricultural development |
title_sort | genetically modified crops and agricultural development |
topic | Transgenic plants Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd Transgene Pflanzen (DE-588)4311513-5 gnd Pflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4045599-3 gnd Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Nutzpflanzenzüchtung (DE-588)4385541-6 gnd Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt (DE-588)4535464-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Transgenic plants Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus Transgene Pflanzen Pflanzenzüchtung Gentechnologie Landwirtschaft Nutzpflanzenzüchtung Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028447363&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT qaimmatin geneticallymodifiedcropsandagriculturaldevelopment |