Grammatical complexity in academic English: linguistic change in writing
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
Cambridge University Press
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in English language
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 277 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781107009264 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page x
List of tables xiii
1 Academic writing: Challenging the stereotypes i
1.1 Academese: Obtuse or informational? i
1.2 Describing the grammar of academic writing 5
1.2.1 Academic written texts: All basically the same? 7
1.2.2 Academic writing: Complex grammar and explicit meanings? 14
1.2.3 Academic writing: Resistant to change or dynamic? 19
1.3 Grammatical change in English: Below the radar? 27
1.4 Two types of grammatical change 30
1.5 The locus of historical change in English: Speech or writing? 32
1.6 Overview of the present book 39
2 Using corpora to analyze grammatical change 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Situational change within academic research writing 50
2.3 Corpora analyzed in the book 51
2.3.1 Representing academic writing over time: Description of the
diachronic academic corpora 52
2.3.2 Synchronic and diachronic comparisons between academic
writing and other spoken and written registers 57
2.4 Corpus analysis procedures 58
2.5 Grammatical features investigated 59
2.5.1 ‘Core1 grammatical features and ‘colloquial’ features 60
2.5.2 Phrasal and clausal complexity features 60
2.5.3 Corpus analyses of grammatical complexity features 65
3 Phrasal versus clausal discourse styles: A synchronic
grammatical description of academic writing contrasted
with other registers 67
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Previous linguistic research on academic writing 72
vii
Contents
099
vm
3.2.1 Studies of particular grammatical features in academic writing 74
3.2.2 A comprehensive survey of the distinctive grammatical features
of academic writing: Contributions from The Longman
Grammar of Spoken and Written English 76
3.2.3 Studies of register variation that include academic writing 83
3.3 Case studies illustrating the distinctive grammatical characteristics
of academic research writing 87
3.3.1 Academic writing contrasted with conversation: Which is more
grammatically complex? 87
3.3.2 University textbooks contrasted with university classroom
teaching: Is there a general academic style? 100
3.3.3 Grammatical features of academic writing contrasted with
popular written registers 104
3.3.4 Grammatical variation among written sub-registers from
different academic disciplines in
3.4 Chapter summary 123
4 The historical evolution of phrasal discourse styles in
academic writing 125
4.1 Grammatical complexity in eighteenth centuiy written texts 125
4.1.1 The influence of popularization versus economy in historical change 128
4.1.2 Previous historical research on the noun phrase in English 130
4.2 General patterns of change in written English registers 132
4.2.1 Increasing use of colloquial features 13d
4.2.2 Historical change in the use of complexity features 140
4.2.3 Exploring the magnitude of change: The evolution of a phrasal
discourse style 143
4.3 What features have decreased in use in academic prose? 154
4.4 Historical change across sub-registers within academic research writing 157
4.5 Chapter summary 166
5 The functional extension of phrasal grammatical features in
academic writing 167
5.1 Introduction 167
5.2 Phrasal features functioning as pre-modifiers of a head noun 170
5.2.1 Nouns as nominal pre-modifiers 170
5.2.2 Attributive adjectives as nominal pre-modifiers 184
5.2.3 Noun-participle compounds as nominal pre-modifiers 187
5.3 Phrasal features functioning as post-modifiers of a head noun 190
5.3.1 Prepositional phrases as nominal post-modifiers 190
5.3.2 Appositive noun phrases as nominal post-modifiers 202
5.4 The systemic ‘drift’ towards structural compression, motivated by
economy of expression
207
Contents ix
6 The loss of explicitness in academic research writing 218
6.1 Stereotypes concerning explicitness in academic research writing 218
6.2 Explicitness of reference in conversation versus academic writing 219
6.3 Inexplicit meaning relationships associated with phrasal pre-modifiers
in noun phrases 222
6.4 Inexplicit meaning relationships associated with phrasal post-modifiers
in noun phrases 232
6.5 Inexplicit expression associated with compressed clausal connectors
in academic writing 240
7 Conclusion 244
7.1 Stereotypes about grammatical complexity: What does it mean
to be ‘complex’? 245
7.2 Stereotypes about historical change: Does all grammatical change
originate in speech? 246
7.3 Stereotypes about academic writing: Is it resistant to change,
elaborated, and explicit? 248
7.4 Implications for applied linguists: From language development
to language teaching and assessment 251
7.5 Conclusion 25 6
References 257
Appendix 1 Descriptive statistics for nine linguistic features for
three general registers across historical periods 272
Appendix 2 Descriptive statistics for five linguistic features for
sub-registers of academic writing across historical periods 275
Index 2 j6
GRAMMATICAL COMPLEXITY
IN ACADEMIC ENGLISH
Grammatical Complexity in Academic English uses corpus-based ana-
lyses to challenge a number of dominant stereotypes and assumptions
within linguistics, Biber and Gray tackle the nature of grammatical
complexity, demonstrating that embedded phrasal structures are as
important as embedded dependent clauses. The authors also overturn
ingrained assumptions about linguistic change, showing that gram-
matical change occurs in writing as well as speech. This work estab-
lishes that academic writing is structurally compressed (rather than
elaborated); that it is often not explicit in the expression of meaning;
and that scientific academic writing has been the locus of some of
the most important grammatical changes in English over the past
200 years (rather than being conservative and resistant to change).
Supported throughout with textual evidence, this work is essential
reading for discourse analysts, sociolinguists, and applied linguists, as
well as descriptive linguists and historical linguists.
Douglas biber is Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics in the
English Department at Northern Arizona University.
bethany gray is Assistant Professor of English (Applied Linguistics
and Technology) at Iowa State University.
The series covers a broad range of topics and approaches, including syntax,
phonology, grammar, vocabulary, discourse, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics,
and is aimed at an international readership.
|
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| spelling | Biber, Douglas 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)137511272 aut Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing Douglas Biber (Northern Arizona University), Bethany Gray (Iowa State University) Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2016 xiv, 277 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in English language English language / Grammar Complexity (Linguistics) Academic writing / Research Linguistic change Englisch Grammatik Wissenschaftssprache (DE-588)4066612-8 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Komplexität (DE-588)4135369-9 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s Komplexität (DE-588)4135369-9 s Wissenschaftssprache (DE-588)4066612-8 s DE-604 Gray, Bethany ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1083812181 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028436218&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028436218&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028436218&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Biber, Douglas 1952- Gray, Bethany ca. 20./21. Jh Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing English language / Grammar Complexity (Linguistics) Academic writing / Research Linguistic change Englisch Grammatik Wissenschaftssprache (DE-588)4066612-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Komplexität (DE-588)4135369-9 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
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| title | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing |
| title_auth | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing |
| title_exact_search | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing |
| title_full | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing Douglas Biber (Northern Arizona University), Bethany Gray (Iowa State University) |
| title_fullStr | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing Douglas Biber (Northern Arizona University), Bethany Gray (Iowa State University) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grammatical complexity in academic English linguistic change in writing Douglas Biber (Northern Arizona University), Bethany Gray (Iowa State University) |
| title_short | Grammatical complexity in academic English |
| title_sort | grammatical complexity in academic english linguistic change in writing |
| title_sub | linguistic change in writing |
| topic | English language / Grammar Complexity (Linguistics) Academic writing / Research Linguistic change Englisch Grammatik Wissenschaftssprache (DE-588)4066612-8 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Komplexität (DE-588)4135369-9 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | English language / Grammar Complexity (Linguistics) Academic writing / Research Linguistic change Englisch Grammatik Wissenschaftssprache Komplexität |
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