Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość: myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995)
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Bydgoszcz
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego
2015
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Bibliogr. s. 267-271. Indeks |
| Beschreibung: | 277 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788380180253 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Spis treści Wstęp . Rozdział I Buntownik . 13 Rozdział II Stalinista. 53 Rozdział III „Heretyk”. 97 Rozdział IV „Moralista” . 141 Rozdział V Demaskator . 179 7 Rozdział VI Demokrata. 221 Zakończenie. 257 Bibliografía . 267 Indeks. 273 Summary . 277 5
Bibliografia Prace Milovana Đilasa Książki Nowa klasa. Analiza systemu komunistycznego, Nowy Jork 1958. Anatomy ofa Moral. The Political Essays ofMilovan Djilas, London 1959 (eseje i artykuły Đilasa opublikowane w „Borbie” między 11 X 1953 r. a 71 1954 r. oraz esej Anato mija jednog morala, zamieszczona w piśmie „Nowa Misao” 1 1 1954 r.). Land Without Justice. An Autobiography ofHis Youth, London 1958. Rozmowy ze Stalinem, Paryż 1962. Une société imparfaite. Le communisme désintégré, Paris 1969 (wersja anglojęzyczna: The Unperfect Society. Beyond the New Class, New York 1969). Memoir ofa Revolutionary, New York 1973. Parts ofLifetime, ed. by Μ. and D. Milenkovitch, New York, London 1975 (zawiera wybór dotychczas publikowanych i niepublikowanych artykułów i esejów Đilasa, a także fragmenty jego książek). Wartime, New York, London 1977. Tito. The Story from Inside, London 1981. Rise and Fall, San Diego, New York, London 1985. OfPrisons and Ideas, San Diego, New York, London 1986. Pad nove klase. Povest о samorazaranju komunizma, Beograd 1994 (zawiera m.in. eseje i artykuły Đilasa). A dil Zulfikarpašić in dialogue with Milovan Djilas and Nadezda Gaće. The Bosniak, Lon don 1998. Eseje, artykuły, rozprawy polityczne, wywiady, przemówienia Članci 1941-1945, Beograd 1947. O tridesetogodišnjici Oktobarske revolucije. Referat na svečanoj akademiji Izvošnog od bora Narodnogfronta Jugoslavije, Zagreb 1947. Dvoličnost opozicije (Izdanje Odbora Narodnog fronta Jugoslavije), b.m.r.w. Borba za novu Jugoslaviju. Információm referat na savetovanju komunističkih partija u Poljskoj
(wspólnie z E. Kardeljem - M.J.Z.), Beograd, Zagreb 1948. 267
Bibliografia Report on Agitation - Propaganda Work ofthe Central Committee ofthe Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Report Delivered at the V Congress of the CPY, Belgrade 1948. Les accusations injustes et dépourvues des principes dirigées contre le PCY, Belgrade b.d.w. Govor druga Milovana Đilasa u Političkom komitetu, „Borba”, 17 XI 1949. Povodom izbora Jugoslavije u Vijeće sigurnosti, Zagreb 1949 (wersja serbska - Povodom izbora Jugoslavije u Savjet bezbednosti, „Borba”, 24 X 1949). Lenin on Relations between Socialist States, New York 1950. On New Roads of socialism. Addresses Delivered at the Pre-Ellection Rally of Belgrade Students, March 18, 1950, Belgrade 1950. Problemi školstva u borbi za socijalizam u našoj zemlji. Rezolucija III. plenum CK KPJ u školstvu, Zagreb 1950. Savremene teme, Beograd 1950. О nekim pitanjima teoretskog rada Partije, w: Četvrti plenum Centrolog komiteta Komu nističke partije Jugoslavije (3 i 4 juna 1951), Beograd 1951. The National Archives, F.O. 371/95586, Southern Department, Yugoslavia, Appendix: Analysies ofDjilas’s Five Articles in “Borba ”, September 1951: Freedom of Criticism also for Marxists and Communists in the F.P.R. Y. The Duties and Part of Scientific Workers in the F.P.R. Y; The Obligation of Communists and Progressive People to Learn: Whence and How they Can Do So; Literary and Artistic Criticism in General: Decadence and the Need to Seek New Ways; Decadence in its Special Form: Soviet and pro - Soviet Dogmatism; Molotov in Warsaw: the Spiritual Misery of Bureau cracy. Antisemitizam, „Borba”, 14 XII 1952. Diskusija između
Stanovnika, Kristla i Đilasa: klasa ili kasta,,,Komunist”, 3-4 V-VIII1952. Domovina, w: Josip Broz Tito 1892-1952, zbior. art., Beograd 1952. The Threat to Yugoslavia. Discussion in the Ad Hoc Political Committee ofthe United Na tions, Sixth Session, Belgrade 1952. Speech by Mr Milovan Dilas, Minister ofState of the Government of the Federal People ’s Republic of Yugoslavia Delivered in the Ad Hoc Political Committee ofthe Sixth Session ofthe United Nations Organization on the Yugoslav item: „ Complaint ofhostile activities of the Government ofthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and the Governments of Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Albania, as well as the Government of the Czechoslovakia and Poland, against Yugoslavia ”. Kraj dvorjanina L.P. Berije, w: B. Dorgovic, Dilas. Vernik ijeretik, Beograd 1989, s. 316-320 (artykuł napisany po aresztowaniu Berii w czerwcu 1953 r. - M.J.Z.). Početak kraja i početka, „Nova Misao”, 1953, 8. Nordijski san, w: Μ. Đorgović, Đilas., s. 343-357 (esej ukończony w styczniu 1954 r., pierwotnie niepublikowany ֊ M.J.Z.). Herling-Grudziński G„ Rozmowa z Dżilasem (datowana: listopad 1969 - M. J.Z), „Kultura” 1970, 268/269. Ponad dogmatem, „Kultura” 1970, 278. Wnioski z Polskiego Grudnia, „Kultura” 1971, 282. 268
Bibliografia Unger L., Widziane z Brukseli. Milovan Dżilas -pustelnik bez pustelni (wywiad, spisany 13 II 1980 r. - M.J.Z.), „Kultura” 1980, 390. Chrystus i komisarz, w: Stalin i stalinizm. Rozmowy George’a Urbana, London 1987 (Roz mowa z Đilasem, przeprowadzona w 1979 r. - M.J.Z.). „Naša reč” u razgovoru s Milovanom Đilasom (wywiad przeprowadzony w Belgradzie w dniach 23-27 XI 1987 r., opublikowany w styczniu 1988 r., cyt. za: D. Tošie, Ko je Milovan Đilas. Disidentstvo 1953-1995, Beograd 2003). Dżilas o Gorbaczowie. Rozmowa George 'a Urbana z Milovaném Dżilasem, Warszawa 1988 (Tytuł oryginalny: Djilas on Gorbatchev, „Encounter” ֊ november 1988). Razvoj mog političkog mišljenja, http://milovandjilas/Tekstovi/razvoj%20mog političkog%20misljenja.pdf Zbiory dokumentów AVNOJ i revolucija. Tematska zbirka dokumenata 1941-1945, red. S. Nešović i B. Petranović, Beograd 1983. Dokumenti 1948, red. V. Dedijer, t. 1-3, Beograd 1980. Jugoslavija 1918-1988. Tematska zbirka dokumenata, red. B. Petranović i Μ. Zečević, Beograd 1988. Pomirenje Jugoslawije i SSSR-a 1953-1955. Tematska zbirka dokumenata, red. R. Luburić, Podgorica 1999. Sowieszczanija Kominforma 1947,1948,1949. Dokumienty i materiały, red. G.A. Adibiekow i in., Moskwa 1998. Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union 1939-1973. A Documentary Survey, red. S. Clissold, Lon don 1975. Opracowania Babić Μ., Tražećiprawdu Đilas je našao sebe, w: Djelo Milovana Đilasa. Banac J., With Stalin Against Tito. Cominformist Splits in Yugoslaw Communism, Ithacca, London 1988. Bilandžić D., Hrvatska moderna povijest, Zagreb 1999. British Policy
Towards Wartime Resistance in Yugoslavia and Greece, red. Ph. Auty i R. Clogg, London 1975. Brković J., Anatomija jednog staliniste, Zagreb 1988. Clissold S., Djilas. The Progress ofa Revolutionary, Hounslow, Middlesex 1983. Danilević R„ Đilas: spalitijeretika, w: Djelo Milovana Đilasa. Dedijer V., Josip Broz Tito. Prilozi za biografiju, Beograd 1953. Dedijer V., Izgubljena bitka V. Staljina, Sarajewo 1969. Dedijer V., The Battle Stalin Lost. Memoirs of Yugoslvia 7945-7953, New York 1971. 269
Bibliografia Dedijer V., Novi prilozi za biografiju Josipa Broza Tita, Zagreb 1981. Dedijer V., Veliki buntownik Milovan Đilas. Prilozi za biografiju, Beograd 1991. Desanti D., Les Staliniens (1944-1956). Une experience politique, Paris 1975. Djelo Milovana Đilasa, red. B. Popovič i in., Podgorica 2003. Dragović-Soso J., Milovan Đilas u Njujork Tajmsu, 1954-1969, w: Djelo Milovana Đilasa. Đilas A., The Contested Country. Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution 1919-1953, Cambridge Mass, London 1991. Đilas A., Hronoloģija života i rada Milovana Đilasa, Beograd 2007. Đorgović B., Đilas. Vernikijeretik, Beograd 1989. Feytö F., Perspektywy ewolucji komunizmu (kilka uwag na marginesie książki Đilasa), „Kultura” 1958, 123/124. Halperin E., The Triumphant Heretic. Tito ’s Struggle Against Stalin, London 1958. Husié D., Prine Politbiroa (Milovan Đilas njim samim), Beograd 1988. Kalezič V., Đilas, suprotnosti pisca i ideologa, Beograd 1999. Kardelj E., Reminiscences. The Struggle for Recognition and Independence: the New Yugoslavia 1944-1947, London 1982. Kovačevič В., Đilas. Heroj — antiheroj ֊ iskazi za istorijų. Drugo prošireno izdanje, Pod gorica 2006. Lalié B., Milovan Đilas. Vernik, buntownik, mučenik, Beograd 2011. Leković D., Milovan Đilas i socijalizam. Filozofsko istorijska razmatranja, Podgorica 2010. Lustig M.M., Trotsky and Đilas. Critics of Communist Bureaucracy, New York, Westport, Connecticut, London 1989. Mihajlow Μ., Milovan Dżilas i dzisiejsza Jugosławia, „Kultura” 1966,226. Milikić M.M., Ratnim Stazama Milovana Đilasa, Podgorica 2009. Milovan Djilas,
http://sh.wikipedia.org.wiki Milovan Đilas. Milovan Djilas (1911-1995), Zbornik radova, red. Μ. Bećković i in., Beograd 1996. Pavićević V., Dilas i članci, Podgorica 2011. Petranović B., AVNOJ. Revolucionarna smena vlasti 1942-1945, Beograd 1976. Purged Yugoslav Asks Two Parties, More Democracy, „The New York Times”, 25 XII1954. Reale E., Avec Jacques Duclos au Banc des Accusés à la Reunion Constitutive du Com inform à Szklarska Poréba (22-27 Septembre 1947), Paris 1958. Reinhartz D., Milovan Djilas. A Revolutionary as a Writer, New York 1981. Reinhartz D„ The Nationalism ofMilovan Djilas, „Modern Age”, summer 1985. Roberts W., Tito, Mihailovič and the Allies, 1941-1945, New Brunswick, New York 1973. Stankovič D., Anatomija procesa Milovanu Đilasu, Zagreb 1988. Stys Н., Inna twarz totalitaryzmu. III Plenum КС Związku Komunistów Jugosławii (16-17 stycznia 1954 r.) i odsunięcie Milovana Đilasa od władzy,,,Dzieje Najnowsze” 2009, 2. 270
Bibliografia Stys H., Milovana Đilasa walka ze stalinizmem, w: Bałkany w XX i XXI wieku. Historia —polityka - kultura. Materiały z konferencji „ Poznać Bałkany ”, Toruń, 29 maja 2009, red. A. Stys i S. Sochacki, Toruń 2009. Stys H., „Chcemy mieć naród rosyjski za brata, nie chcemy jego kierownictwa za pana ". Działalność publicystyczna i polityczna Milovana Đilasa w czasie trwania politycz nego konfliktu Jugosławia - ZSRR (1948-1952), „Kwartalnik Historyczny” 2010, 2. Sulzberger C.L., Paradise Regained. Memoir of a Rebel, New York, London 1983. Tomasevich J., War and Revolution in Yugoslavia 1941-1945. The Chetniks, Stanford Ca„ 1975. Tošie D., Ko je Milovan Đilas. Disidentstvo 1953-1995, Beograd 2003. Trocki L., Klasowy charakter państwa radzieckiego, b.m.r.w. Trocki L., Zdradzona rewolucja. Czym jest ZSRR i dokąd zmierza, Pruszków 1991. Ułam B., Titoism and the Cominform, Cambridge Mass, 1952. Zacharias M.J., Jugosławia w polityce Wielkiej Brytanii 1940-1945, Wrocław 1985. Zacharias M.J., Konflikt radziecko-jugosłowiański w latach 1948-1954, „Dzieje Najnow sze” 1990, 4. Zacharias M.J., System stalinowski w Jugosławii 1944-1949, „Kwartalnik Historyczny” 1992, 3. Zacharias M.J., Powołanie Kominformu w 1948 r. Przyczyny, przebieg, skutki, „Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej” 1996, 31. Zacharias M.J., Wewnętrzne i międzynarodowe aspekty zwycięstwa komunistów w Jugo sławii. Uźródełjugosłowiańskiej odmiany systemu komunistycznego, w. Czy Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia mogła się wybić na wolność?, red. T. Kisielewski i N. Kaspa rek, Materiały z sesji naukowej,
Olsztyn 26października 1995, Olsztyn 1996. Zacharias M.J., The Beginnings of Cominform. The Policy of the Soviet Union Towards Communists Parties in Connection with the Political Initiatives of the United States ofAmerica in 1947, „Acta Poloniae Historica” 1998, 78. Zacharias M.J., Komunizm, federacja, nacjonalizmy. System władzy w Jugosławii 1943-1991. Powstanie, przekształcenia, rozkład, Warszawa 2004. Zacharias M.J., Idea i praktyka komunistyczna w myśli politycznej Milovana Djilasa (1911-1995), w: Historia, polityka, stosunki międzynarodowe. Wybrane zagadnienia, red. A. Zaćmiński, Bydgoszcz 2010. Zacharias M.J., Między marzeniami a rzeczywistością. Myśl polityczna Milovana Djilasa na przełomie 1953 i 1954 r, „Dzieje Najnowsze” 2010, 3. Zacharias M.J., System komunistyczny w myśli politycznej Milovana Đilasa. Powstanie, charakter, przesłanki zaniku, w: Bałkany Zachodnie między przeszłością a przyszło ścią, red. P. Chmielewski i S.L. Szczesio, Łódź 2013.
* Indeks A Adibiekow G.A. - 80, 131 Aleksander Karađorđević, król Jugosławii ֊ 16,21,32 Arystoteles -19,154 Attlee Climent -143 В Babic Marko - 252 Babič M. - 252 Bakarić Vladimir - 42, 89, 145, 146 Bakunin Michaił A. - 213 Вапас J. ֊ 89 Bazylow L. — 36,204 Bećković Matija - 246, 267 Beecher Stowe Harriet - 16 Bekič D. -142 Bellow Saul-216 Bellow S. -216 Beria Ławrentij P. - 149-151 Bernstein Eduard - 159, 192 Bernstein E. -159 Bevan Aneurin - 145 Biber D. - 72 Bierdiajew Nikołaj A. - 213 BilandžićD. ֊32, 133, 145, 153 Bobrowski Cz. - 141,145 Bojović - 17, 18 Borejsza Jerzy - 85 Brandt Willy-249 Brkovič J. — 78 Broz-Tito Josip - 7, 21, 27, 34, 39-42, 44, 51-55, 57, 61-64, 66-70, 73, 75, 76, 78-86, 88, 89, 91, 95, 97, 98, 103, 113, 114, 131, 132, 137, 141, 142, 145-149, 152, 158, 159, 165, 170-177, 180, 181, 187, 188, 226, 246, 248, 250, 251, 254, 258 Broz Tito J. - 84, 103, 131, 172 Bucharin Nikołaj J. - 38, 213 Burnham James - 105 Burnham J. - 105 C Casals Pablo - 226 Chamberlain Arthur Neville - 45 Churchill Winston Spencer - 70, 226 Churchill W.S. -4Ί Chruszczów Nikita S. - 149, 183,242 Ciemniewski J. -102 Clissold Stephen - 8, 13,224 ClissoldS. ֊ 13, 15, 32, 34,44,45, 47, 53, 55, 56, 70, 152,159, 224-227 Cohn-Bendit Daniel - 234 Cromwell Oliver - 185 Czernyszewski Nikołaj G. - 16 D Dabčević-Kučar S. — 173 Daladier Edouard - 45 Danilević R. - 188 Dapćević Peko - 146, 165 * Kursywą zostały wyróżnione nazwiska autorów dzieł przywoływanych w przypisach. W indeksie pominięto nazwisko Milovana Đilasa, ponieważ pojawia się ono na wszystkich stro nach pracy. _
Indeks Dedijer Vladimir - 69, 73, 77, 131, 175 Dedijer V. - 33, 34, 55, 64, 69, 71, 73, 77, 78, 82, 97,103,131,132,137,145,165, 213 Demokryt- 154 Deng Xiaoping - 246 Desanti D. — 85 Dostojewski Fiodor M. - 16-18 Dragović-Soso J. - 175, 180 Dubček Aleksander ֊ 225 Duclos Jacques - 79 Dutschke Rudi - 234 Dymitrow Georgi ֊ 40, 49 Đ Dilas Aleksa, brat Milovana - 23 Dilas Aleksa, syn Milovana - 182 ĐilasA. ֊ 13, 22, 114, 133, 139, 173 ĐorgovićM. - 149, 174-176, 179 E Eliot Thomas S. - 86 Elżbieta II Windsor, królowa Wielkiej Bry tanii -146 Engels Fryderyk ֊ 35, 71, 84, 85, 91, 97, 104, 115, 126, 131, 133, 175, 191, 260, 263 F Fadiejew Aleksander A. - 85 Felczak W. - 13, 16,24, 36 Feytö François - 77 Feytö F -ΊΊ Fukuyama Francis - 218 Fukuyama F - 218 Furet François ֊ 50 Furet F.-39, 40, 50,214 G Gače Naděžda - 256 Gati Ch. — 80 Gaulle Charles, de - 249 Gerő Ernő - 188 Gibianskij L.J. - 93 Grol Milan - 69 Gorkič Milan ֊ 40,41 Gomułka Władysław - 188, 189, 261 Gorbaczow Michaił S. - 248 Gregorowicz S. ֊ 49 H Habsburgowie -13 Halperin E. -Ί6, 147 Harper J. ֊ 252 Hebrang Andrija - 34, 42 Hegel Georg WF.-35, 191 Heller Μ. -236 Heraklit - 191 Hitler Adolf-33, 57, 58,109, 138 Hobsbawm Eric - 251 Hobsbawm E. - 251 Homer - 13 Hugo Victor - 16 Husié D. -153 J Jovanovitch W. ֊ 14,177 Judt Tony - 106 Judt T.-105, 251 К Kalezič И-120 Kardelj Edvard ֊ 7, 34, 42, 54, 79, 89, 91, 93-95, 97, 102,137, 144-148 Kardelj E. - 79 Kasparek N. - 25, 72 Kautsky Karl - 35 Kennedy John Fitzgerald - 247 Keynes John Maynard - 105 Keynes JM. -105 Kidrič Boris - 34, 42, 56, 89, 95, 97, 102 Kidrič B. —56
Kisielewski T. - 25, 72 Kochan Jerzy - 253 Končar Rade - 42 Kopaliński Ж -119 Kostylew Michaił - 79 Kovačevič В. — 19, 32, 45, 54, 63, 65, 68, 74, 78 Kovačevič Veljko -182 Kowalczyk P. - 79 Krasucki E. - 85, 86 Kristl-120 Krleža Miroslav ֊ 44,45 274
L Labriola Antonio - 35 Lalié В. -153 Lenin Włodzimierz L, właśc. Uljanow 21, 35, 38, 42, 57, 63, 71, 81, 84-87, 91-94, 97, 98, 102, 103, 115, 126, 127, 131, 135, 138, 169, 171, 183, 186, 192, 194, 198, 202, 204, 206, 208, 209, 215, 218,224, 228-230,235, 258, 259 Lenin WJ. -229 Lekovie Dragutin - 150 Leković D. - 150,151,175, 176,179, 182, 188,213,255 Leskošek Franc - 42 Lisowski Aleksander - 7 Lisowski A. - 159, 182, 191 Logan M.Z. - 26 Lorenz W. - 253 Luburić 7?. - 172 Lustig M.M. - 15, 28 Luksemburg Róża ֊35 M Machaj ski Jan Wacław - 213 Machajski J. W. - 214 Machiavelli Niccolò - 67 MacLean Fitzroy - 72 Malenkow Gieorgij M. - 49 Malraux André - 86 Mao Ze Dong - 171, 242 Marjanovič J. - 32 Markovié Sima - 42 Marks Karol - 21,25,26,34-36,71,84, 85, 87, 91, 94, 97, 98, 102, 104, 115, 122, 123, 125-127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 144, 154, 156, 159, 170, 171, 174, 176, 177, 191-194, 218, 219, 221, 224, 227-232, 241,257-261,263,264 Marshall George C. - 79 Maurois André ֊191 McClellan WD. ֊ 76 Mićunovič К - 188 Mihailovič Draža Dragoljub - 55,57,67,68 Mieroszewski Juliusz - 7 Mieroszewski J. - 191 Milenkovitz D. i Μ. -28, 80,118,177,181, 221 Miller Arthur - 86 Miletič Petko - 37 Milikić M. - 54, 78 Milosz Cz. - 50 Mitrovič Mitra ֊175 Mołotow Wiaczesław M. - 79, 118 Monnet Jean ֊ 226 Morača R ֊ 32, 56 Musatow W.L. - 188 N Nagy Imre -189 Napoleon I Bonaparte, cesarz Francuzów 185 Nešavić S. - 52 Niekricz AM. ֊ 236 О Obama Barack - 253 Osborn PR. — 49 P Pavlićević К-226 Petranović В. -32,52,53,70,76, 132, 172 Picasso Pablo - 85 Pijade Moša - 34, 42, 69, 91, 118 Pijade M. -71 Pilawski
Krzysztof - 253 Pilawski К. — 253 Piotr II Karađorđević, król Jugosławii 69 Piotr I Petrović-Njegoš, władyka Czarno góry- 36 Piotr II Petrović-Njegoš, władyka Czarno góry - 36 Pipes R. - 99, 204 Platon ֊231, 232, 237 Plechanow Gieorgij W. - 35 Pol Pot, właśc. Saloth Sar - 171 Popovič B. - 175, 180, 188, 252 Popovič Milentije - 73, 89, 91 Popovič M. - 91 Przybylski J. ֊ 253 R Raditsa В. —53 Rákosi Mátyás - 188
Ranković Aleksandar - 7, 34, 42, 43, 77, 143, 144 Rašković Μ. - 42 Reale E. - 79 Reinhartz D. — 14,15 Ricardo David ֊123 Rizman Rudolf ֊ 213 Rothberg A. - 153, 234 Russell Bertrand - 213 S Sarkozy Nicolas - 253 Sartre Jean-Paul ֊ 85, 86 Seton-Watson Hugh ֊193 Seton-Watson H.֊ 13, 152, 193, 224 Slansky Rudolf - 137 Sochacki S. ֊ 132 Souvarine Boris ֊214 Stalin Josif W., właśc. Dżugaszwili - 9, 11, 14,35,36,38-40,44-46,48-50,52,57,58, 61-69,71-74,76,77,79-81,83-90,92-94, 97-99, 102, 108, 114, 120-131, 138, 139, 143-147,151,159,162,165,170,174-176, 183, 184, 186, 194, 197-199, 202, 204, 206, 210, 211, 215, 216, 218, 224, 225, 228,235, 236, 242,257-259, 262 Stalin TW ֊48, 120, 130 Stankovič D. - 251 Stanovnik - 120 Stys Hubert - 8 StysH. - 86, 91, 93, 120, 132, 148, 153, 172,173, 175 Sulzberger Cyrus L. - 21, 175 Sulzberger C.L. - 17,18,22,25,27,28,30, 175,213,219, 221,224,254 Szatlach M.E.-2V1, 251 Szule W. -16 Š Šubašič I. — 69 T Teufel Fritz - 234 Togliatti Palmiro - 79 Tołstoj Lew N. - 26 Tošie D. - 255 Touraine Alain - 252, 254 Touraine A. — 252 Trocki Lew D., właśc. Bronsztejn Lejba D. -9, 10, 15, 36,38, 50,213-215 Trocki L.D. -214,215 Tuchaczewski Michaił N. - 38 U Ułam B. ֊56 Urban George - 26, 27 Urban G. - 14, 58,97,159,209,236,248 V Vejvoda I. - 226 Versajkov Milena - 165 Vrhunec M. —173 Vukmanović-Tempo Milica -166 Vukmanović-Tempo Svetozar - 146 Vukmanović-Tempo S. -131 W Walicki Andrzej - 252 Walicki A. -252 Wasilewski T. — 13, 16, 24, 36 Willen P. ֊ 153,234 Woydyłło J. ֊ 40 Z Zacharias Michał Jerzy - 8 Zacharias M. J. —25,40-42,49,53, 66, 67, 69, 70-72, 76, 79,
84, 85, 88, 91, 94, 97, 105, 121, 131, 132, 145, 147, 152, 153, 159, 162, 172, 187, 226, 244, 246, 250, 251 Zaćmiński A. — 217,251 Zatarac V. (pseudonim Milovana Đilasa) 48,51 Zečević M. -76, 132, 172 Zulfikarpašić Adil - 256 Ż Żdanow Andriej A. - 90,117
Summary Milovan Đilas was undoubtedly a very specific and unique personage of the Yugoslavian and international communist movement. He was a revolutionist, he fought against German and Italian occupiers during World War II and - at the same time ֊ against internal enemies of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. After the war, for some time, he was a personality who со-ruled Yugoslavia. He had clear predilections to theoretical considerations, an outstanding sense of observation, skills and willingness to evaluate a situation in a critical way, and a literary talent. In addition, as time was passing, he was more and more discouraged to real mechanisms and objectives of communists - first the Soviet ones, then the Yugoslavian ones. Therefore, he began to publish more and more critical essays and articles that essentially and directly led to his political downfall at the beginning of 1954. As a result, he gradually transformed himself from a politician into a discerning analyst of communism who concluded that the native Yugoslavian communist system did not differ from the Soviet (Stalinist) one. He presented his views in the strongest and most comprehensive way in his work A New Class, published in the United States in 1957, and then in many other countries. According to Đilas, communism is only a result of a sequence of events that transformed Bolshevik revolutionaries into post-revolutionary bureaucrats. To be more precisely, communism is a result of a situation in which the political party bureaucracy gained a dominant position and power after the revolution. That bureaucracy
grew out from a top layer of revolutionaries, and became independent of anyone. It just causes that a communist system in practice is contrary to the XIXth century initial assumptions of the first ideological creators of Marxism. The driving force of this communist system is only the power and interests of the post-revolutionary ruling group described by Dilas as a „new class”. Finally, communism is a system in which that „new class” has a monopoly of political and ideological power, possesses state property and manages the economy. It is „authority that became a target for itself’. Both in A New Class and his later books, essays, and articles, Dilas highlights the fact that the practical application of communist ideology leads to an extremely unfavorable, inhuman situation. According to him, any attempts of transformations of social relations in order to heal them totally and holistically, based on any ideas, ideologies, and utopias, must finally fail. Those attempts are simply a failure, but it is not always so obvious and spectacular as in the case of attempts of implementation of the ideas of Marx’s, Lenin’s, and Stalin’s. Ideas and utopias, in fact, can only be the beginning of changes. The results of those changes cannot be predicted. They may have only limited significance.
Summary It should be noted, that according to Dilas, utopias cannot be removed from people’s minds, because they are the main motivations for people to transform, improve societies and civilizations, especially the Western one. Finally, being aware of the constrains of utopias, Dilas also writes about the beneficial effects of utopian systems. However, his distinction between total and totalitarian utopias is significant and original. He claims that the first ones are closed, pervasive systems and their aim is to explain and improve all aspects of human existence. They do not have to be totalitarian ones that do not allow to express other utopias - total in nature. According to Dilas, only the latter allows to exist and express other utopias, systems of thought, and another world of values. They allow or contribute to a gradual, though sometimes slow, improvement of human conditions. They gradually reform imperfect societies, the only ones that may exist in a long term. They gradually improve and reform the different and imperfect nature of human communities. Finally, Dilas strongly suggests that such a situation arises as a result of natural ֊ so called - „competition” that exists among different ideas, values, and assumptions visible in various totalitarian utopias. In the end, both total and totalitarian utopias are always treated as means and methods that create „perfect” societies. They only lead to impose and consolidate the authority and to misery and enslavement of human communities that are the subject of experiments of such authority. Those experiments are only to
implement interests of the ruling class that has indivisible, uncontrolled power. It happens in the case of a „new class”, but its rule will not last forever, because no reality reaches any absolute - any final, ultimate goal. No reality reaches any final, unchanging form. The rule of a „new class” are archaic and inefficient. A „new class” guards the absurd political structures that restrain progress. Those structures are not competitive against systems that create much better conditions for the use of production capacity in accordance with growing needs of individuals, nations, and societies. In practice, it is a competition of the Western capitalist system. In addition, centrifugal impacts of different groups with different interests, goals, and ideas that clearly deviate from the communist orthodoxy, will be more visible. They will be implemented within the system, but act contrary to its logic. In a long term, a „new class” will not be able to control this reality, full of various contradictions created by it. At the end of his life, Dilas argued that the existence and activity of this „new class” became the main cause of the fall of communism. Generally, it can be said that - in his words - „communism defeated itself’ - internal causes made this. His assessments were undoubtedly correct. Translated by Maria E. Szatlach Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Zacharias, Michał Jerzy 1946- |
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| id | DE-604.BV042988832 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-07T00:08:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788380180253 |
| language | Polish |
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| physical | 277 Seiten 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego |
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| spelling | Zacharias, Michał Jerzy 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)131483072 aut Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) Michał Jerzy Zacharias Bydgoszcz Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego 2015 277 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bibliogr. s. 267-271. Indeks Đilas, Milovan / (1911-1995) / myśl polityczna i społeczna jhpk Đilas, Milovan 1911-1995 (DE-588)118526111 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1950-1990 gnd rswk-swf Politisches Denken (DE-588)4115590-7 gnd rswk-swf Đilas, Milovan 1911-1995 (DE-588)118526111 p Politisches Denken (DE-588)4115590-7 s Geschichte 1950-1990 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028414329&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028414329&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028414329&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028414329&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zacharias, Michał Jerzy 1946- Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) Đilas, Milovan / (1911-1995) / myśl polityczna i społeczna jhpk Đilas, Milovan 1911-1995 (DE-588)118526111 gnd Politisches Denken (DE-588)4115590-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118526111 (DE-588)4115590-7 |
| title | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) |
| title_auth | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) |
| title_exact_search | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) |
| title_full | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) Michał Jerzy Zacharias |
| title_fullStr | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) Michał Jerzy Zacharias |
| title_full_unstemmed | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) Michał Jerzy Zacharias |
| title_short | Idee, utopie, rzeczywistość |
| title_sort | idee utopie rzeczywistosc mysl polityczna milovana dilasa 1911 1995 |
| title_sub | myśl polityczna Milovana Đilasa (1911-1995) |
| topic | Đilas, Milovan / (1911-1995) / myśl polityczna i społeczna jhpk Đilas, Milovan 1911-1995 (DE-588)118526111 gnd Politisches Denken (DE-588)4115590-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Đilas, Milovan / (1911-1995) / myśl polityczna i społeczna Đilas, Milovan 1911-1995 Politisches Denken |
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