Basic chemical thermodynamics:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Imperial College Press
2014
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| Ausgabe: | 6. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 207 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781783263356 9781783263363 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175313046863872 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Basic chemical thermodynamics
Autor: Smith, Eric B
Jahr: 2014
Contents Preface to the sixth edition v Preface to the first edition vii Notation xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The scope and nature of chemical thermodynamics...... 1 1.2 Equilibrium in mechanical systems............... 2 1.3 Reversibility and equilibrium.................. 4 1.4 Why we need thermodynamics................. 6 1.5 The mole............................ 9 1.6 The perfect gas......................... 10 2 Energy 13 2.1 Work............................... 13 2.2 Heat and temperature...................... 15 2.3 Measurement of temperature.................. 16 2.4 Heat and molecular motion................... 16 2.5 Conservation of energy..................... 17 2.6 State functions: a digression.................. 19 2.7 Enthalpy............................. 22 2.8 Heat capacity.......................... 24 Problems ............................... 25 3 Entropy and equilibrium 27 3.1 Reversibility and equilibrium: a recapitulation......... 27 3.2 Condition of equilibrium.................... 29 3.3 Entropy............................. 29 xi
xii I Contents 3.4 Entropy as a state function................... 31 3.5 Entropy of expansion of a gas.................. 32 3.6 Entropy changes accompanying heat flow........... 33 3.7 Entropy and equilibrium.................... 34 3.8 A cosmological aside...................... 34 3.9 Entropy as a function of pressure and temperature....... 35 3.10 Molecular basis of entropy................... 37 3.11 Statistical basis of the Second Law............... 39 3.12 Magnitudes of entropy changes................. 40 3.13 Heat engines........................... 41 Problems ............................... 43 4 Equilibrium in chemical systems 45 4.1 Free energy........................... 45 4.2 Gibbs energy.......................... 47 4.3 Pressure-dependence of Gibbs energy............. 50 4.4 Temperature variation of Gibbs energy............. 51 4.5 Phase equilibria......................... 52 4.6 Clapeyron equation....................... 55 4.7 Clausius-Clapeyron equation.................. 56 4.8 The vapour pressure of liquids................. 57 4.9 Chemical potential....................... 60 4.10 Chemical potential and Gibbs energy.............. 61 4.11 Equilibrium between gaseous reactants............. 64 4.12 Temperature-dependence of equilibrium constants....... 67 4.13 Effect of pressure on equilibrium constants .......... 70 4.14 Basic results of chemical thermodynamics........... 73 4.15 Le Chatelier’s Principle..................... 74 Problems ............................... 75 5 Determination of thermodynamic quantities 77 5.1 Hess’s Law........................... 77 5.2 Standard enthalpies of formation......... 79 5.3 Average bond energies ..................... 80 5.4 Temperature-dependence of enthalpy changes......... 81 5.5 Standard Gibbs energies of formation ............. 82 5.6 Determination of Gibbs energy changes............ 83 5.7 Determination of entropies of substances............ 84
Contents xiii 5.8 Example of the determination of thermodynamic quantities............................ 86 5.9 Calculation of thermodynamic quantities at temperatures other than 298 K......................... 92 5.10 Ellingham diagrams....................... 94 5.11 Free-energy functions...................... 96 Problems ............................... 97 6 Ideal solutions 99 6.1 The ideal solution........................ 99 6.2 Properties of truly ideal solutions . ...............102 6.3 Mixtures of liquids.......................103 6.4 Ideal solutions of solids in liquids ...............105 6.5 Ideal dilute solutions......................109 6.6 Colligative properties......................110 6.7 Freezing-point depression....................110 6.8 Elevation of boiling point....................114 6.9 Osmotic pressure........................118 6.10 Properties of the solute in dilute solutions...........120 6.11 Solubility of solids................. 122 Problems ...............................123 7 Non-ideal solutions 125 7.1 The concept of activity.....................125 7.2 Activity of solids in liquids...................127 7.3 Activity in aqueous solutions..................128 7.4 Chemical equilibria in solution.................132 7.5 Electrochemical cells......................134 7.6 Standard electrode potentials..................138 Problems ...............................143 8 Thermodynamics of gases 145 8.1 Expansion of a perfect gas...................145 8.2 Irreversible expansion......................146 8.3 Equation of state of gases....................149 8.4 The Joule-Thomson experiment................150 8.5 Imperfect gases: fugacity....................152 8.6 Calculation of fugacities....................154 Problems ...............................155
xiv Contents 9 The molecular basis of thermodynamics 157 9.1 Energy levels..........................157 9.2 Microstates...........................160 9.3 The Boltzmann factor......................162 9.4 The behaviour of heat capacity.................165 9.5 Partition functions........................168 9.6 Entropy and the partition function...............170 9.7 Calculation of the translational partition function.......175 9.8 The rotational partition function................177 9.9 The vibrational partition function................178 9.10 Evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of gaseous nitrogen.............................179 9.11 Chemical equilibrium......................181 Problems ...............................185 Answers to problems 187 Further reading 189 Appendix 1: Thermochemical data at 298.15 K 191 Appendix 2: Thermodynamic data for ions in aqueous solution at 298.15 K 195 Appendix 3: Units and fundamental constants 197 Periodic table of elements 201 Index 203
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | 6. ed. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Smith, Eric Brian 1933- Verfasser (DE-588)1140499599 aut Basic chemical thermodynamics E. Brian Smith 6. ed. London Imperial College Press 2014 XVII, 207 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 gnd rswk-swf Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content 2\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 s DE-604 Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 s 3\p DE-604 DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/773994270.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028404733&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Eric Brian 1933- Basic chemical thermodynamics Thermochemie (DE-588)4078260-8 gnd Thermodynamik (DE-588)4059827-5 gnd |
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| title | Basic chemical thermodynamics |
| title_auth | Basic chemical thermodynamics |
| title_exact_search | Basic chemical thermodynamics |
| title_full | Basic chemical thermodynamics E. Brian Smith |
| title_fullStr | Basic chemical thermodynamics E. Brian Smith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic chemical thermodynamics E. Brian Smith |
| title_short | Basic chemical thermodynamics |
| title_sort | basic chemical thermodynamics |
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