Marine ecosystems:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2015
London ISTE |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oceanography and marine biology series
Seas and oceans set |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 296 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781848217829 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 700 | 1 | |a Prouzet, Patrick |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175261549199360 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | The authors of this book have explored the major oceans of the world to
document the diversity of habitats, structures and marine food webs.
From coastal zones to deep-sea habitats, several environments are
investigated: the phyto-plankton system, the first level of ecological and
climatic dynamics via the carbon cycle; the coral ecosystems and their
associated coastal seagrass, among the most diverse on the planet; and
the deep ecosystems, oases organized around hydrothermal vents on
mid-ocean ridges.
In order to reveal the spatial and temporal dynamics of these systems
and the complexity of trophic interactions, observation strategies and
long-term monitoring were needed.
In addition, the topics covered allow the reader to address the problem
of preservation of resources, living or non-living, and the services
rendered to our societies endangered by environmental change. Thus,
concepts and strategies emerge as ecological resilience.
Like the previous volumes, this seventh book of the Seas and Oceans
Set adopts a transversal approach that leads to the governance and
sustainable management of marine environment.
Contents
Foreword................................................................ ix
André Mariotti and Jean-Charles Pomerol
Chapter 1. Marine Biosphere, Carbonate
Systems and the Carbon Cycle............................................. 1
Luc Beaufort
1.1. Introduction.................................................... 1
1.2. Marine organisms and carbon..................................... 3
1.3. Variability in the production of organic matter............. 4
1.4. From the biosphere to the atmosphere to climate................. 7
1.5. Carbonate production............................................ 9
1.5.1. Importance of biological carbonate production
in the evolution of the planet..................................... 10
1.5.2. Carbonate compensation depth................................ 12
1.5.3. Carbonates and climate...................................... 15
1.6. The coupling of carbonaceous and organic productions........... 16
1.7. Modification of equilibria and consequences
onmarinelife........................................................ 17
1.8. Conclusion..................................................... 20
1.9. Bibliography................................................... 21
Chapter 2. Biodiversity of Phytoplankton:
Responses to Environmental Changes in Coastal Zones.................. 25
Tania Hernândez-Farinas and Cedric Bacher
2.1. Introduction................................................... 25
2.2. Phytoplankton ecology.......................................... 26
2.2.1. General characteristics..................................... 26
2.2.2. Lifecycle................................................... 28
vi Marine Ecosystems
2.2.3. Spatial distribution........................................... 32
2.2.4. Temporal variability and successions........................... 33
2.2.5. Adaptive strategies............................................ 35
2.2.6. Functional diversity......................................... 40
2.2.7. Ecological niche............................................. 42
2.3. Phytoplankton responses to anthropogenic pressures.............. 44
2.3.1. Main sources of anthropogenic variability................... 45
2.3.2. Responses with regard to biomass, abundance
and species composition............................................ 48
2.3.3. Changes in spatial distribution ............................ 54
2.3.4. Changes in phenology and amplitude of blooms................ 56
2.3.5. Size spectrum............................................... 59
2.4. Observation systems for the identification
of phytoplankton........................................................ 60
2.4.1. Detecting changes in tw e series............................ 60
2.4.2. Taxonomic aggregation levels................................... 63
2.5. Conclusion ........................................................ 65
2.6. Bibliography....................................................... 66
Chapter 3. Marine Seagrasses (Magnoliophyta)
in the Intertropical Zone................................................. 81
Christian Hily
3.1. From plant to habitat.............................................. 81
3.1.1. Taxonomy and morphology of marine magnoliophyta............. 81
3.1.2. Biogeography................................................. 85
3.1.3. The seagrass habitat........................................... 86
3.2. Role of seagrass beds in the coastal environment................ 87
3.3. Functioning of seagrass beds ................................... . 89
3.3.1. Production and metabolism...................................... 89
3.3.2. Trophic network................................................ 90
3.4. Challenges in the conservation of seagrass beds................. 92
3.4.1. Rare and endangered species.................................... 92
3.4.2. Specific role of seagrasses: ichthyofauna of
coastal environments.................................................. 93
3.4.3. Services provided by seagrass beds to humans................ 95
3.5. Pressures on and threats to seagrasses............................. 95
3.5.1. Cyclones....................................................... 96
3.5.2. Emersion..................................................... 96
3.5.3. Global climate change........................................ 96
3.5.4. Fishing...................................................... 97
3.5.5. Boating and water sports....................................... 98
3.5.6. The extraction of sandy or coral materials .................... 98
Contents vil
3.5.7. Amenities.................................................... 98
3.5.8. Terrigenous effluents.......................................... 98
3.5.9. Harvesting..................................................... 99
3.6. Restoration of seagrass beds...................................... 100
3.7. The functional role of seagrasses in the
lagoon ecosystem...................................................... 101
3.8. Conclusion..................................................... 103
3.9. Bibliography...................................................... 104
Chapter 4. Biocomplexity of Coral Ecosystems:
Diversity in All its States................................................ 107
Michel Kulbicki, Mehdi Adjeroud, Laure Carassou, Pascale Chabanet,
Valeriano Parravicini, Dominique PONTON, Fanny Houlbreque and
Laurent VlGLIOLA
4.1. Introduction...................................................... 107
4.2. Diversity in the coral world . ................................ Ill
4.2.1. Overview....................................................... 112
4.2.2. Diversity of the main constituents of coral reefs........... 119
4.3. Links between diversities........................................ 138
4.3.1. From local to regional........................................ 138
4.3.2. From species to function...................................... 143
4.4. Conclusion...................................................... 154
4.5. B ibliography.................................................... 155
Chapter 5. Man and Diversity in the
Coral Environment......................................................... 165
Michel Kulbicki, Mehdi Adjeroud, Laure Carassou,
Pascale Chabanet, Valeriano Parravicini, Dominique Ponton,
Fanny Houlbreque and Laurent Vigliola
5.L Introduction.................................................... 165
5.2. Diversity and ecological services................................. 166
5.2.1. Main ecological services. ..................................... 166
5.2.2. Diversity, robustness, resilience and disturbances............. 180
5.3. Local versus global threats: what are local threats
and what are their effects?.......................................... 186
5.3.1. Eutrophication................................................. 187
5.3.2. Pollution by chemical products and hydrocarbons................ 189
5.3.3. Impacts of coastal development................................. 190
5.3.4. Coral diseases.............................................. . 191
5.4. What are the combined effects of local and
global threats on corals? ............................................. 192
5.5. Functions and diversity........................................... 194
viii Marine Ecosystems
5.5.1. What to protect?. .......................................... 194
5.5.2. Protection means............................................ 197
5.6. Conclusion....................................................... 208
5.6.1. Reefs as a model?........................................... 208
5.6.2. Do coral reefs have a future?................................. 209
5.7. Bibliography....................................................... 210
Chapter 6. Hydrothermal Vents: Oases at Depth........................... 225
Jozee Sarrazin and Daniel Desbruyeres
6.1. Introduction to deep-sea ecosystems............................. 225
6.2. Discovery of hydrothermal sources........................... 228
6.3. Geology and geochemistry of hydrothermal systems................ 229
6.3.1. Formation of hydrothermal vents............................ 229
6.3.2. Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids. . . ........... 232
6.4. Microbial chemosynthesis ....................................... 233
6.5. Symbioses and trophic chains..................................... 236
6.5.1. Symbioses...................................................... 236
6.5.2. Trophic network................................................ 241
6.6. Distribution of fauna at different spatial scales. ............. 244
6.6.1. Ridges of the East Pacific.................................. 244
6.6.2. Ridges of the Northeast Pacific............................. 245
6.6.3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge......................................... 246
6.6.4. Sites in the West Pacific................................... 248
6.6.5. Ridges in the Indian Ocean.................................. 250
6.6.6. Ridges in the Southern Ocean................................ 252
6.6.7. Cayman Ridge................................................. 253
6.6.8. Biogeography of deep hydrothermal vents..................... 254
6.7. Faunal microdistribution and interactions......................... 255
6.7.1. Environmental conditions . .................................... 256
6.7.2. Biotic interactions............................................ 263
6.8. Temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems .................. 265
6.8.1. Temporal studies associated with an eruption................... 266
6.8.2. Temporal studies of active sites . ......................... 269
6.8.3. Deep-sea observatories......................................... 272
6.8.4. Dispersion of larvae and recruitment........................ 273
6.9. Mineral resources and exploitation................................. 275
6.10. Bibliography.................................................... 279
List of Authors........................................................... 293
Index
295
|
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| isbn | 9781848217829 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XI, 296 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| publishDate | 2015 |
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| series2 | Oceanography and marine biology series Seas and oceans set |
| spelling | Marine ecosystems Hoboken, NJ Wiley London ISTE 2015 XI, 296 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oceanography and marine biology series Seas and oceans set Meeresökosystem (DE-588)4341298-1 gnd rswk-swf Meeresökosystem (DE-588)4341298-1 s DE-604 Monaco, André (DE-588)138664145 edt Prouzet, Patrick edt Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028374270&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028374270&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Marine ecosystems Meeresökosystem (DE-588)4341298-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4341298-1 |
| title | Marine ecosystems |
| title_auth | Marine ecosystems |
| title_exact_search | Marine ecosystems |
| title_full | Marine ecosystems |
| title_fullStr | Marine ecosystems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine ecosystems |
| title_short | Marine ecosystems |
| title_sort | marine ecosystems |
| topic | Meeresökosystem (DE-588)4341298-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meeresökosystem |
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