The Congress movement: the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cape Town
HSRC Press
2015
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Internformat
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| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1912-1961 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a National liberation movements / South Africa / History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Blacks / South Africa / Politics and government / 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 651 | 4 | |a South Africa / Politics and government / 1909-1948 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a South Africa / Politics and government / 1948-1961 | |
| 651 | 4 | |a South Africa / History / 1909-1961 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
Preface xv fjj-
Abbreviations and acronyms xliii
VOLUME 1:1917-April 1926
1. Towards a typology of the ANC and the ICU: A critical assessment of a range of views 1
The Cl's 'Black Republic' resolution 5
The ICU as a rural movement: Helen Bradford 10
Erosion of the historical method, 1970s-80s: Neo-Marxists and 'social historians' 15
Characterising the ANC in terms of a relationship to state power: Susan Booysen and Paul Rich 18
The ANC, popular struggle and marginal groupings: Philip Bonner 23
The discontinuous nature of ANC history: Tom Lodge 25
A national-political history of the ANC: Peter Walshe 26
The ANC and labour - continuity in Congress history: Peter Limb 30
Origins of the ANC: André Odendaal 32
2. Theworkers' upsurge of 1918-20: Birth of the Congress mass movement 34
The ISL and the establishment of the IWA 44
Development of the IWA prior to the upsurge 53
Tensions within the IWA 56
Wages movement of 1918 61
The Moffat report 72
Pass campaign of 1919 74
The 1920 strike 81
National Congress and the formation of a national workers' organisation, 1920 93
Response of the ruling class 97 Mahabane comes to the fore 114
3. Clements Kadalie and Selby Msimang, 1919-21 : Congress, the ICWU and the ICU 118
Kadalie's background 125 Early days of the ICU 140 Cape Town strike, 1919 150
Selby Msimang's background 157
SANNC conference of May 1920: African worker organisation and Meshach Pelem 162
Establishment of the ICWU at Bloemfontein, July 1920 167
Problems of structure arising from the Bloemfontein conference 175
The ICU claims the role of a nationwide movement 177
The Port Elizabeth events of 1920: Masabalala and Msimang 185
Kadalie and Masabalala break with Msimang at the time of the July 1921 ICWU conference 187 Msimang drifts into the camp of the Joint Councils 193
4. The 1922 strike and uprising: Was it anti-black? 205
State of the parliamentary parties preceding the strike 222
The 1922 strike 227
Different streams in the strike 230
Role of the Afrikaner nationalist politicians 236
Role of the blacks in the strike 245
The Cape, the ICU and the 1922 strike 250
5. Black organisations in transition, 1921 -early 1924: Relations with the parliamentary parties 260
The ICU's October 1921 conference 266
The ICU's 1923 conference 269
The contradictions continue: ICU and ICWU 277
A new phase: Growing disillusionment of black leaders with Smuts 281 Annual conference of Congress, May 1923 285
The ICU in the new phase 290
The CP's attitude towards the ICU and black nationalism into early 1924 296
The ICU's January 1924 conference 307
6. The 1924 general election: White-black front against Smuts? 315
Pact policies for the general election 317 The Pact and the mining industry 324 The communists and the 1924 election 327
Cape black leaders attempt to establish a united front for the general election 332
The All-African Convention, May 1924 336
Mahabane and segregation: Run-up to the election 340
ANC annual conference, May 1924, and the general election 348
Cape blacks in the election campaign 361
Election results: How did the blacks vote? 368
Contradictory nature of Hertzog's segregation policy in its early phase, including in his Smithfield address 372
7. The ICU and ANC, mid-1924 to April 1926: Non-cooperation and efforts to establish a united front 387
The ICU comes to the Rand 393
ICU-ANC relations in the setting of the ANC's 1925 conference 399
Selope Thema's difficulties with Congress, mid-1923 to 1925 403
The ICU's 1925 conference 409
ICU-ANC and the pass issue in 1925 418
ICU-ANC: Organisational-structural aspects 429
ICU-ANC: The social aspect 442
Receding of Garveyist influence in the ICU: Role of Thaele 451
Kadalie's internationalist outlook 464
CP-ICU, 1924-early 1926 467
Growing disillusionment with Hertzog 479
Mahabane calls for a national convention 486
ANC in Special Convention, January 1926 489
The Special Convention and the question of mass struggle 497
Problem of the united front between the ICU and the ANC 501
Postscript: Kadalie maintains the role of the ICU as a potential wing of the ANC 505
8. Structural aspects of the ICU, 1925-April 1926: Trade union, African-coloured alliance or African nationalist movement? 507
The ICU, the stevedores and the rest of the dockworkers 519 Growth of a town-based branch structure 529
ICU offices, manned by provincial secretaries, tend to undermine the branch structure 534 Opposition to Tyamzashe's bureaucratic methods 537
The communists and the question of the ICU's realignment on a trade union basis 541 The ICU's 1925 constitution 549
A coloured or an African organisation? 554 Problems of the ICU's leading organs 557 La Guma's inspection report 571
National Council meeting and conference, April 1926, in relation to structural issues 579 References 587 VOLUME 2: April 1926-1928
1. The ICU, Liberals, Labourites and British Social Democrats, 1926-28: Reconstruction of South Africa's socioeconomic relations? 1
The Johannesburg Joint Council liberals 5
The problem of a united front with liberals and Labourites 9
The Economic and Wage Commission: 1925-26 17
The issue of the extension of the labour legislation to African workers: 1927-29 22
The retreat of the JJC liberals begins 32
The question of the registration and recognition of the ICU: 1924-mid-1928 35
A new phase opens during 1928 in regard to the ICU's status 46
The reorganisation of the South African trade union movement 49
Labour and the question of the promotion of the manufacturing industry 52
The ICU and the Economic and Wage Commission 54
The ICU at the time of its 1926 conference 59
Developments in the British labour movement, particularly from 1925 to 1927 74
Kadalie and the labour movement in Europe 84
2. The African Movement in 1926-27: The problem of reformism 101
Congress leaders ensure that the ICU decision for a political bureau is dropped 108
The weakening of the position of the radicals in and around the ANC's 1926 conference 112
A right wing, centring on Thema and Selby Msimang, begins to shape up in the ANC 115
The ANC's National Executive Committee position 1926 119
Mahabane returns from overseas and the ANC's January 1927 conference 122
Mahabane and the franchise, first half of 1927: The chiefs' convention 124
The response of Selope Thema and Richard Msimang to the Convention of Chiefs 128
Some comments on the ICU's group and regional profile 132
The decline of the African movement on the Rand 138
Municipal locations become important places for organisational activity 141
What role did the shift of the ICU axis to Natal play in the anticommunist move? 143
3. Champion-Kadalie Alliance, 1926-April 1927: Anti-communism gathers pace 149
Champion's birth and childhood 151
Champion goes to Johannesburg: His experience on the mines and role in the TNMCA 152 Champion joins the ICU 158
Champion and the Economic and Wage Commission 164 Champion and the Natal African Congress 168 Champion's early activities in Natal 171 Champion and the national ICU in early 1926 176
Champion's methods in Natal lead him into conflict with the communists 179 Kadalie challenges his ban 188
Kadalie's growing financial dependence on Champion 192 Loosening of central control 197
Rising tensions between the ICU and the Communist Party 201
The conflicts become centred in Johannesburg 211
Was the anti-communist move directed against La Guma? 215
The ICU National Council meeting: December 1926 218
The Communist Party fails to mobilise an effective opposition 223
The reaction of Mbeki, 'Mote and Khaile to the December NC meeting 229
The influence of JT Gumede on his return from Brussels: April 1927 234
The ICU's April 1927 conference 239
4. The land question comes to the fore, 1927-29: Rural upsurge 258
The question of labour-tenancy 263
The Native Administration Act: 1927 275
The Madeley affair 285
Ballinger, the liberals and rural questions 295
The liberals, Kadalie and the pass issue 305
The ICU and the rural question: 1920-26 308
The communists and the land question 314
The ICU and the land question: mid-1926 to April 1927 319
Kadalie and the land question 326
The ANC-ICU relations in the midst of the revolt and their respective attitudes to the land question 331 The nature of the upsurge 343 Forms of resistance 378
5. Champion breaks with the National ICU, 1928: Role of Zulu nationalism 392
Champion's conference of Natal chiefs: 1930 408
King Solomon kaDinuzulu's contacts with the ANC and ICU: 1930 412
Champion's banishment, 1930: Its connection to his relations with the Zulu king 417
Champion, the Durban riots of 1929 and the issue of a location: The De Waal Enquiry 421
Natal's sugar fraternity, JL Dube, and the issue of a Durban location 431
Champion's disappointment and his banishment 435
Champion, Dunn and King Solomon's domain, 1927-28 446
Champion at the helm 467
Kadalie returns from his European trip: November 1927 475 The ICU National Council meeting: November 1927 483 The ICU Special Congress, Kimberley: December 1927 486 Kadalie moves against Champion: January 1928 council meeting 490 The ICU annual conference: April 1928 495
The ANC's Convention of Chiefs, April 1928, and Zulu nationalism 508 Secession 513
The impotence of the ICU's radical nationalists 523 Ballinger fails to heal the split 529
References 538
VOLUME 3:1928-1961
1. Searching for the adequate form of the United Front, 1928-34 1
Threats to the African National Congress's primary role 1
The ANC-ICU 1928 decision to cooperate: With an anti-communist rider 3
Issue of passes, 1 928-30 7
What kind of organisation was the LAR? 18
Mahabane takes the lead in calling for an African convention 22
Mahabane's policy of a black-white round table and Declaration of Rights, 1929 ANC
conference 25
The communists' attitude to Mahabane's policies 29 Mahabane and communism, 1929 31
Manoeuvres to dismantle the ANC's primary role, 1926-30 35
Gumede loses the Congress presidency 42
Plans to restructure the ANC on the basis of employees' organisations: Ballinger's role 46 The Non-European Conference 49
2. African National Congress at the time of the Seme presidency, 1930-37 60
The organisation's congress character is endangered 60
Seme's political positions at the time of the founding of the Congress 63
The new Seme constitution 69
Seme and the Upper House at the time of the Mahabane presidency, 1937-40 73
Seme, business 75
Fate of the Heaton Nichotls initiative in the framework of the Joint Select Committee 79 African National Congress leaders and the Nicholls plan, 1931 85
State of the African National Congress in the first half of the 1930s 87
Liberals prime DDT Jabavu as African leader on the franchise proposals 91 Congress leaders call for an All-African Convention: The regional conferences 94 The All-African Convention, 1935 99
Manoeuvres around the 'compromise' of 1936 101
Thema, Dube and Seme and the 'compromise' 114
Seme's removal at the 1937 conference: Mahabane puts the African National Congress back on course 120
3. The All-African Convention and the African National Congress, 1937-48 126
A federal or unitary principle? 126
Kadalie's response to the All-African Convention 131
Was the All-African Convention a new social movement? 135
The communists' attitude to the All-African Convention 139
Reservations about the All-African Convention and early moves to revive the African
National Congress 143
The All-African Convention challenge is defeated 149 The ANC adopts a new constitution in 1943 155
Xuma and the All-African Convention: Non-European Unity Movement, including the 'meeting of the 12 leaders' 158
4. The African National Congress under Xuma, 1940-49 164
To what extent was it a break with the previous era? 164
Were Congress councillors on the Native Representative Council mandated by the ANC? 172 Division of labour between ZK Matthews and Xuma: The 1943 NRC Recess Committee on Representation 175
A new phase opens with Africans' Claims 178 The pass campaign, 1943-46 184
The crisis conditions of 1946 189
Xuma, Congress and trade unionism 192
Xuma's evidence to the Native Mine Wages Commission of 1943 195
Prelude to the African mine workers' strike ^ 97 The African mine workers' strike, 1946 203
The communists and the question of a non-European trade union federation 206 What was Xuma's attitude towards the mine strike? 211
Adjournment of the Native Representative Council and the Smuts proposals 213
Xuma, the ANC and the boycott of the NRC 218
Xuma and organisation 227
Growing political role of Indian leaders 233
The People's Assembly of 1948: Problems of the united front 239
5. Phase of the Programme of Action, 1948-50 245
A complicated historical juncture 245 The ANC and the general election of 1948 251
Emergence of the Youth League: What was its strategy? 261 The CYL's programme for a new South Africa 269
The issue of a programme of action prior to the ANC's 1948 conference 272 The ANC annual conference, December 1948, and a programme of action 275 Efforts to draft a programme of action during 1949 279 Adoption of the Programme of Action, December 1949 287
Response of the communists to the Programme 296
The difficulties of leading Youth Leaguers with the Defend Free Speech Convention, 1950 299
Suppression of Communism Act: Mandela, Tambo, Sisulu jettison anti-communism 302
6. Champion, Msimang and Thema leave the African National Congress, 1951-52 309
End of an era 309
The CYL and radical democracy 315
The CYL and trade unionism: The CYL's attitude to the ICU 318 Kadalie's last years 321
Champion's efforts to secure the role of 'leader of Natal' 323 Champion's growing irritation with the ANC 332
Natal, the National Fund, the Afrikaner nationalists and the Zulu royal house 335
African-lndian confrontation in Durban: The 1949 riots 339
Champion's attitude to the Youth Leaguers and to the Programme of Action 342
Msimang turns against Champion and Lutuli takes over the Natal leadership 347
The Baloyi issue, Congress and the Afrikaner nationalists 352
Selope Thema's role in Congress, 1946-49 354
Thema in 1949 357
Establishment of the National-minded Bloc 360
The National-minded Bloc, business and 'economic independence' 362
The Youth Leaguers and the National-minded Bloc 364
Common basis of Thema, Champion and Msimang leaving the ANC 367
Defiance Campaign, 1952 370
Xuma and the ANC, late 1940s/early 1950s, including his attitude to the Defiance Campaign 395 Postscript: How did Xuma come to turn against the ANC? 402
7. Lutuli and Mandela, 1952-61 408
The Mahabane heritage 408
The problem of a united front with the Liberal Party 417 The ANC, the Liberal Party and the COP 421 What influences shaped the Freedom Charter? 430 The land shall be shared among those who work it 434
What organisation or organisational framework was responsible for the Charter? 437
Lutuli and the Freedom Charter 441
The M-Pian: Preparation for revolution? 450
The M-Plan and the South African Congress of Trade Unions 454
The 1958 ANC constitution and the question of centralisation 457
Political orientation of the IDAMF 465
All-in African Conference, October 1956 470
Multiracial Conference, December 1957: The question of the broad front 476 Proceedings of the Multiracial Conference 484 Was the Multiracial Conference simply a dead end? 486 Dialogue continues 491
Liberal Party-ANC relationship in the late 1950s 494
The PAC 499
Why did the ANC leadership prevaricate on the issue of a pass campaign? 503 Growing lack of confidence in the method of mass campaigns 511 Crisis symptoms in the economy 513
'Sharpeville': Was it a herald of revolution or counter-revolution? 515
Conceptual considerations in relation to the call for a national convention, 1960-61 518
Consultative Conference, December 1960, and All-in African Conference, March 1961 524
References 534
Complete Index to Volumes 1 to 3 available at www.hsrcpress.ac.za |
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| spellingShingle | Neame, Sylvia Brereton The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 African National Congress / History African National Congress (DE-588)115480-1 gnd National liberation movements / South Africa / History Blacks / South Africa / Politics and government / 20th century Geschichte Politik |
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| title | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 |
| title_auth | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 |
| title_exact_search | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 |
| title_full | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 Sylvia Neame |
| title_fullStr | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 Sylvia Neame |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Congress movement the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 Sylvia Neame |
| title_short | The Congress movement |
| title_sort | the congress movement the unfolding of the congress alliance 1912 1961 |
| title_sub | the unfolding of the Congress Alliance 1912-1961 |
| topic | African National Congress / History African National Congress (DE-588)115480-1 gnd National liberation movements / South Africa / History Blacks / South Africa / Politics and government / 20th century Geschichte Politik |
| topic_facet | African National Congress / History African National Congress National liberation movements / South Africa / History Blacks / South Africa / Politics and government / 20th century Geschichte Politik South Africa / Politics and government / 1909-1948 South Africa / Politics and government / 1948-1961 South Africa / History / 1909-1961 Südafrika (Staat) Südafrika |
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