Direct democracy in the Baltic states: institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Frankfurt am Main
PL Acad. Research
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München
76 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung/Vorwort Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | 192 S. graph. Darst. 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783631652985 3631652984 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | OUTLINE
PREFACE
15
I. INTRODUCTION
17
II. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 21
A. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH REFERENDUMS 21
B. MECHANISMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND VETO PLAYER 22
C. CONSTRAINTS ON MECHANISM OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 34
III. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN ESTONIA 37
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN ESTONIA 37
B. ESTONIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 48
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ESTONIAN PRACTICE 54
IV. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LATVIA
59
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN LATVIA 59
B. LATVIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 86
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE LATVIAN PRACTICE 103
V. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LITHUANIA 109
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN LITHUANIA 109
B. LITHUANIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 132
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE LITHUANIAN PRACTICE 152
VI. THE QUALITY OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN THE BALTIC STATES
157
A. A COMPARISON OF USE AND SUCCESS OF BALTIC REFERENDUMS 157
B. POLICY CHANGE THROUGH REFERENDUMS 160
C. QUALITY OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 164
D. MORE THAN INSTRUMENTS 175
7
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1067207503
VII. CONCLUSIONS 177
A. RICH IN INSTRUMENTS, MODERATE IN USE, POOR IN PERFORMANCE 177
B. A BETTER DESIGN FOR A BETTER BALANCE 178
VIII. REFERENCES 181
8
CONTENTS
PREFACE
15
I. INTRODUCTION
17
II. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 21
A. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH REFERENDUMS 21
B. MECHANISMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND VETO PLAYER 22
1. INITIATOR OF REFERENDUMS 23
A) REFERENDUMS REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION 23
B) REFERENDUMS FROM ABOVE 25
C) CITIZEN-INITIATED REFERENDUMS 28
(A) CITIZENS FACULTATIVE REFERENDUM 28
(B) CITIZENS INITIATIVES 30
(C) RECALL 31
(D) AGENDA INITIATIVE 31
2. THE CHARACTER OF REFERENDUMS 31
3. THE INTENTION OF REFERENDUMS 33
4. THE NORMATIVE LEVEL OF REFERENDUMS 34
C. CONSTRAINTS ON MECHANISM OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY. 34
III. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN ESTONIA
37
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN ESTONIA 37
1. REFERENDUMS REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION 39
A) THE MANDATORY CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM 39
2. REFERENDUMS FROM ABOVE 39
A) THE PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUTIONAL PLEBISCITE 40
B) THE PARLIAMENTARY PLEBISCITE FOR OTHER
DRAFT ACTS AND NATIONAL ISSUES 41
3. CITIZEN-INITIATED REFERENDUMS 42
A) INITIATIVE RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF 1920 42
B) THE COLLECTIVE ADRESSES TO RIIGIKOGU 44
4. THE LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF REFERENDUMS 45
B. ESTONIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 48
1. THE REFERENDUM OF 3 MARCH 1991 ON ESTONIA S INDEPENDENCE 49
2. THE REFERENDUM OF 28 JUNE 1992 ON THE CONSTITUTION 50
9
3. THE REFERENDUM OF 28 JUNE 1992 ON VOTING RIGHTS FOR
THOSE WHO DID NOT YET HAVE CITIZENSHIP STATUS 51
4. THE REFERENDUM OF 14 SEPTEMBER 2003 ON THE
ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION 52
5. REJECTED DRAFT ACTS IN THE ESTONIAN PARLIAMENT 53
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ESTONIAN PRACTICE 54
1. LEGAL CONSTRAINTS 54
2. INFORMAL CONSTRAINTS 55
IV. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LATVIA
59
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN LATVIA 59
1. REFERENDUMS REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION 60
A) THE MANDATORY CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM 61
B) THE MANDATORY REFERENDUM ON EU MEMBERSHIP 62
2. REFERENDUMS FROM ABOVE 62
A) THE PARLIAMENTARY PLEBISCITE FOR SUBSTANTIAL
CHANGES IN EU MEMBERSHIP 63
B) THE SEMI-PLEBISCITE ON REPEALING A LAW 64
C) THE PRESIDENTIAL PLEBISCITE ON RECALLING PARLIAMENT 66
3. CITIZEN-INITIATED REFERENDUMS 67
A) THE CITIZENS CONSTITUTIONAL INITIATIVE 68
B) THE CITIZENS LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVE 69
(A) A TWO-STAGE SIGNATURE COLLECTION (UNTIL 2015) 70
(B) A ONE ROUND SIGNATURE COLLECTION
(IN FORCE AS OF 2015) 72
(C) A QUASI-INDIRECT INITIATIVE PROCEDURE 73
C) THE CITIZENS INITIATIVE ON RECALLING PARLIAMENT 76
4. THE LEGAL
ASSESSMENT OF CITIZENS INITIATIVES 79
B. LATVIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 86
1. THE REFERENDUM OF 3 MARCH 1991 ON LATVIA S
INDEPENDENCE 88
2. THE REFERENDUM OF 3 OCTOBER 1998 ON THE
REPEAL OF THE FACILITATED NATURALISATION AMENDMENT 89
3. THE REFERENDUM OF 13 NOVEMBER 1999 ON THE
REPEAL OF THE PENSION SYSTEM REFORM AMENDMENT 90
4. THE REFERENDUM OF 21 SEPTEMBER 2003 ON
ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION 90
5. THE REFERENDUM OF 7 JULY 2007 ON THE REPEAL
OF AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW ON STATE SECURITY SERVICES 91
10
6. THE REFERENDUM OF 7 JULY
2007 ON THE REPEAL
OF AMENDMENTS TO THE LAW ON STATE SECURITY AUTHORITIES 91
7. THE REFERENDUM OF 2 AUGUST 2008 ON THE
DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT BY POPULAR VOTE 92
8. THE REFERENDUM OF 23 AUGUST 2008 ON A
LIMITED INCREASE OF PUBLIC PENSIONS 93
9. THE REFERENDUM OF 23 JULY 2011
ON THE
EARLY DISSOLUTION OF THE SAEIMA 94
10. THE REFERENDUM OF 18 FEBRUARY 2012 ON
RUSSIAN AS THE SECOND OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 96
11. PROPOSED AND ADOPTED INITIATIVES
WITHOUT HOLDING REFERENDUMS 98
12. INITIATIVES WITHOUT SUFFICIENT SIGNATURES 99
13. PENDING INITIATIVES 102
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE LATVIAN PRACTICE 103
1. LEGAL CONSTRAINTS 103
2. INFORMAL CONSTRAINTS 105
V. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICE OF
DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LITHUANIA 109
A. DIRECT DEMOCRATIC INSTRUMENTS IN LITHUANIA 109
1. REFERENDUMS REQUIRED BY CONSTITUTION 112
A) THE MANDATORY CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM 112
B) THE MANDATORY REFERENDUM ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT 113
C) THE MANDATORY REFERENDUM ON PARTICIPATION IN
AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION 113
D) THE PROCEDURE OF REFERENDUMS REQUIRED
BY THE CONSTITUTION 113
2. REFERENDUMS FROM ABOVE 114
A) THE PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUTIONAL PLEBISCITE 115
B) THE PARLIAMENTARY PLEBISCITE ON
OTHER ISSUES, LAWS AND PROVISIONS 117
3. CITIZEN-INITIATED REFERENDUMS 118
A) THE CITIZENS FACULTATIVE REFERENDUM 119
B) THE CITIZENS CONSTITUTIONAL INITIATIVE 120
C) THE CITIZENS INITIATIVE ON LAWS AND OTHER ISSUES 120
D) THE CITIZENS CONSULTATIVE INITIATIVE 120
E) PROCEDURES OF CITIZENS INITIATIVES 121
F) THE CITIZENS AGENDA INITIATIVE: SOMETHING
BETWEEN A REFERENDUM AND PETITION 124
4. THE LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF CITIZENS INITIATIVES 126
11
B. LITHUANIAN DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE 132
1. THE REFERENDUM OF 9 FEBRUARY 1991 ON
LITHUANIA S INDEPENDENCE 134
2. THE REFERENDUM OF 23 MAY 1992
ON THE
RESTORATION OF THE PRESIDENTIAL INSTITUTION 135
3. THE REFERENDUM OF 14 JUNE 1992 ON THE
WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS 136
4. THE REFERENDUM OF 25 OCTOBER 1992 ON THE
CONSTITUTION 137
5. THE REFERENDUM OF 27 AUGUST 1994 ON THE
LAW REVOKING PRIVATISATION I-VHI 138
6. THE REFERENDUM OF 20 OCTOBER 1996 ON THE
COMPENSATION FOR LOST ASSETS PRIOR TO 1990 139
7. THE REFERENDUM OF 20 OCTOBER 1996 ON PARLIAMENTARY
ELECTIONS ON THE SECOND SUNDAY OF APRIL EVERY FOUR YEARS 140
8.
THE REFERENDUM OF 20 OCTOBER 1996 ON THE
REDUCTION OF PARLIAMENTARY SEATS FROM 141 TO 111 141
9. THE REFERENDUM OF 20 OCTOBER 1996 ON SOCIAL SPENDING 141
10. THE REFERENDUM OF 10 NOVEMBER 1996 ON THE
PURCHASE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND BY CERTAIN LEGAL BODIES 142
11. THE REFERENDUM OF 10 AND 11 MAY 2003 ON
THE ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION 142
12. THE CONSULTATIVE REFERENDUM OF 12
OCTOBER 2008 ON THE
SERVICE EXTENSION FOR THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT TGNALINA 144
13. THE CONSULTATIVE REFERENDUM OF 14 OCTOBER 2012 ON
BUILDING A NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT VISAGMAS 146
14. THE REFERENDUM OF 29 JUNE 2014 REGARDING THE
AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES 9,47 AND 147 OF THE
CONSTITUTION 147
15. POPULAR INITIATIVES WITHOUT SUFFICIENT SIGNATURES 149
C. EXPLANATIONS FOR THE LITHUANIAN PRACTICE 152
1. LEGAL CONSTRAINTS 152
2. INFORMAL CONSTRAINTS 153
VI. THE QUALITY OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN THE BALTIC STATES 157
A. A COMPARISON OF USE AND SUCCESS OF BALTIC REFERENDUMS 157
B. POLICY CHANGE THROUGH REFERENDUMS 160
C. QUALITY OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY 164
1. QUALITY IN ESTONIA 169
2. QUALITY IN LATVIA 170
12
3. QUALITY IN LITHUANIA 171
4. THE MOST STRIKING VARIATION BETWEEN THE BALTIC STATES 173
D. MORE THAN INSTRUMENTS 175
VII. CONCLUSIONS
177
A. RICH IN INSTRUMENTS, MODERATE IN USE,
POOR IN PERFORMANCE 177
B. A BETTER DESIGN FOR A BETTER BALANCE 178
VIII. REFERENCES 181
13
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Somer, Evren 1980- |
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| dewey-ones | 342 - Constitutional and administrative law |
| dewey-raw | 342.479 |
| dewey-search | 342.479 |
| dewey-sort | 3342.479 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:13:15Z |
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| isbn | 9783631652985 3631652984 |
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| publisher | PL Acad. Research |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München |
| series2 | Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München |
| spelling | Somer, Evren 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)1069793140 aut Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Evren Somer Frankfurt am Main PL Acad. Research 2015 192 S. graph. Darst. 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München 76 Literaturangaben Staatsorganisationsrecht (DE-588)4116585-8 gnd rswk-swf Direkte Demokratie (DE-588)4134792-4 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd rswk-swf Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf direkte Demokratie Referendum Plebiszit LA Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Direkte Demokratie (DE-588)4134792-4 s Staatsorganisationsrecht (DE-588)4116585-8 s Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 s DE-604 Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München 76 (DE-604)BV021464770 76 X:MVB application/pdf http://www.peterlang.com/exportdatas/exportfiles/onix/toc/9783631652985_toc.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis X:MVB application/pdf http://www.peterlang.com/exportdatas/exportfiles/onix/intro/9783631652985_leseprobe01.pdf Einführung/Vorwort DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028364907&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Somer, Evren 1980- Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Studien des Instituts für Ostrecht München Staatsorganisationsrecht (DE-588)4116585-8 gnd Direkte Demokratie (DE-588)4134792-4 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4116585-8 (DE-588)4134792-4 (DE-588)4115712-6 (DE-588)4004379-4 |
| title | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania |
| title_auth | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania |
| title_exact_search | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania |
| title_full | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Evren Somer |
| title_fullStr | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Evren Somer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct democracy in the Baltic states institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Evren Somer |
| title_short | Direct democracy in the Baltic states |
| title_sort | direct democracy in the baltic states institutions procedures and practice in estonia latvia and lithuania |
| title_sub | institutions, procedures and practice in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania |
| topic | Staatsorganisationsrecht (DE-588)4116585-8 gnd Direkte Demokratie (DE-588)4134792-4 gnd Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Staatsorganisationsrecht Direkte Demokratie Rechtsvergleich Baltikum |
| url | http://www.peterlang.com/exportdatas/exportfiles/onix/toc/9783631652985_toc.pdf http://www.peterlang.com/exportdatas/exportfiles/onix/intro/9783631652985_leseprobe01.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028364907&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV021464770 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT somerevren directdemocracyinthebalticstatesinstitutionsproceduresandpracticeinestonialatviaandlithuania |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis