Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
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Sofija
Studija Transmedija
2015
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| Ausgabe: | Părvo izdanie |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Enhält englische Zusammenfassung: Bulgaria and Switzerland together in history |
| Beschreibung: | 563 Seiten, 48 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9786197260007 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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BULGARIA AND SWITZERLAND.
TOGETHER IN HISTORY
(SUMMARY)
This book is dedicated to the centenary of the establishment of diplomatic
relations between Bulgaria and Switzerland. It offers a study of the
history of the Swiss state and the historical development of the cooperation
between the two countries and the two nations in the sphere of economy,
politics, education, science, art and culture. The final chapter of the book
focuses on the life path and the work of Professor Konstantin Katzarov -
one of the brightest personalities in the history of Bulgarian-Swiss relations,
a remarkable scholar and patriot, founder of the „Konstantin and Zinovia
Katzarovi“ foundation.
The beginning of the diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and the
Swiss Confederation dates back to October 1915 when the then Bulgarian
Minister Plenipotentiary in the Austrian capital Vienna, Andrey Toshev,
presented his Letters of Credence as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Bulgaria in Bern. The relations between Bulgaria and
Switzerland, however, are much older than that. Before the liberation of
Bulgaria from Ottoman domination in 1878, Bulgarian lands were regularly
visited by Swiss merchants who sold there cotton and silk fabrics and clothes
and bought cotton, silkworm eggs and cocoons and other raw materials.
After the restoration of the Bulgarian state, the ties between Bulgaria and
Switzerland quickly expanded. Until 1915, the two countries maintained them
without having established any diplomatic relations between each other. For
a long time, no intergovernmental agreements were being signed between
Bulgaria and Switzerland. The main reason for this was Bulgaria's status, as
according to the Treaty of Berlin of 1878 the country was established as a
tributary (autonomous) Principality under the sovereignty of the Sultan of
the Ottoman Empire. In addition, a number of discriminatory provisions
were imposed upon Bulgaria, impeding the country’s relations with other
countries.
554
Венелин Цачевски $ България и Швейцария заедно в историята
In these conditions, mutual cooperation - especially in the sphere of
commerce and economy - grew mainly thanks to the active involvement and
enterprise shown by private companies and individuals. Swiss merchants and
entrepreneurs became interested in Bulgaria not only as a source of cheap raw
materials for the textile industry and agriculture, but also as a foreign market
to which they could export manufactured goods and equipment, as well as
invest capital in the budding Bulgarian economy. At that time, Switzerland had
already joined those European countries which were rapidly becoming more
industrialised and had already adopted a democratic system of state governance.
Dozens of enterprising Swiss people came to Bulgaria, contributing to
the establishment of the foundations of a number of industrial and other lines
of production - electric power production, the brewing industry, the milling
industry, the production of cement, alcohol, paper and cardboard, textiles,
chemical products, etc. The first on Bulgarian territory and in the Balkans
hydroelectric power station, built in 1900 in Pancharevo, was equipped with
Swiss turbines. „Kamenitza“ Brewery in the city of Plovdiv, which was built
by Swiss entrepreneurs in the early 1880s, became one of the first and later
one of the largest breweries in Bulgaria.
Swiss specialists were employed in the state and municipal administration
and contributed greatly to housing construction, architectural design,
landscape gardening, electrification and the development of the transport
infrastructure in Sofia, Plovdiv, and other Bulgarian cities. Swiss pedagogues
were among the founders of physical education and the sports movement
in Bulgaria. The name of one of them - Charles Champaud, will remain
inscribed with golden letters in the history of sports as the only sportsman
from Bulgaria who participated in the first modern Summer Olympic Games
in Athens in 1896.
A significant number of Swiss lived and worked in the country for
decades, while some even remained until the end of their lives in Bulgaria
which they grew to love as their second motherland. In 1884, they founded
a Swiss Society whose first Chairman was Louis Roquerbe. Some of them
took Bulgarian citizenship and after their death were buried on Bulgarian
soil. Among the names of the Swiss people who bound their life and work
with Bulgaria stand out the entrepreneurs Jacques (Johan Jakob) Vogeli,
Fritz Zwicki, Jacques Brunner, Rudolf Frick, Frederick Sulzer, Christian
Bomonti, Doctor Robert Geiser, the architects Heinrich Meyer and Theodor
Hiinerwadel, the engineers Arthur Comte and August Patru, the first city
gardener of Sofia Daniel Naef, succeeded by his son Charles Naef, the city
gardener of Plovdiv Lucien Chevallaz, Prof. Alfred Odin and many others.
BULGARIA AND SWITZERLAND. TOGETHERIN HISTORY (SUMMARY)
555
The brightest name among the Swiss sports pedagogues is that of Louis
Eyer, who has made an enormous contribution to the development of physical
education and the sports movement in Bulgaria. He is the unique example of
a „Swiss man with a Bulgarian heart“, who shared and defended the cause
of the national unification of Bulgaria. In 1913 he wrote his brilliant book
„Pro Bulgaria“, which he distributed all across Europe. Louis Eyer fought
as a volunteer in the Bulgarian army in the First (1912) and Second (1913)
Balkan Wars and the First World War, in which he tragically died at the front
in Macedonia.
The education became one of the most important directions in the
Bulgarian-Swiss relations. After the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman
domination, hundreds of young Bulgarians chose to study in schools and
universities in Zurich, Bern, Basel, Lausanne and other cities in Switzerland.
In this respect, Switzerland was seen as a highly attractive place to visit not
only on account of the excellent opportunities it offered for receiving a quality
education but also because of the liberal political system and the freedom of
speech in the country.
The Bulgarians who received their education or specialised in
Switzerland made up a considerable part of the intellectual, scientific and
government elite in Bulgaria. Among them were prime ministers, ministers,
deputies, intellectuals, scholars and scientists in various fields, financiers,
writers, members of the clergy, etc. The most famous names are Stoyan
Danev, Andrey Lyapchev, Andrey Toshev, Georgi Kyoseivanov, Vasil Kolarov,
Atanas Burov, Simeon Radev, Mincho Neychev, Ivan Radoslavov, Exarch
Joseph, Exarch Stefan, Ivan and Dimiter Shishmanov, Petar Abrashev, Ivan
Vazov, Nikolay Liliev, Pancho Vladigerov, Asen Zlatarov, Pencho Slaveykov,
Petko Todorov, Georgi Stamatov, Prof. Ivan Georgov, Prof. Venelin Ganev,
Prof. Todor Sabev, Prof. Dimiter Katzarov, Prof. Konstantin Katzarov and
many others.
Attracted by the democratic conditions and the favourable opportunities
for professional realisation, after completing their education many Bulgarians
remained in Switzerland as permanent residents. As the years passed, the
Bulgarian community in Switzerland kept growing. At the beginning of the
XIXth century, it numbered about one thousand people and by the Second
World War it had reached two-three thousand. Around the middle of the
present decade the number of Bulgarians in Switzerland is estimated at some
five thousand. The larger majority of them felt as Bulgarians and proved their
patriotism during important and difficult years in the country’s history — the
Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885, Bulgaria’s participation in the two Balkan Wars
556
BEHEAHH LjAHEBCKH # BiATAPUH H №bEÖI{APHH 3AEAHO b hctophbta
of 1912-1913, the First and the Second World War, the period of democratic
transition which began in the late 1980s. Among the more prominent
manifestations of this aspect of their feelings are their patriotic activities,
which include making grants and donations.
The Swiss in Bulgaria and the Bulgarians in Switzerland have created a
strong spiritual bong between the people of the two countries, which grows
ever stronger with the passing of the years. As time passed, cooperation on
an international basis became more and more important in Bulgarian-Swiss
relations. In 1911, Switzerland opened an Honorary Consulate in Bulgaria.
In 1915, Bulgaria accredited its first diplomatic envoy to Bern. In 1924, the
first intergovernmental agreement between Bulgaria and Switzerland on
commerce and payments was signed.
This greatly advanced mutual trade relations. Political contacts also
improved. During the First World War the Bulgarian diplomatic corps on the
territory of Switzerland showed great activity in the international defence of
the cause in the name of which Bulgaria participated in the military operations.
After the war, Switzerland took up an important place in Bulgaria’s foreign
policy due to the fact that Geneva was the headquarters of the League of
Nations where important matters connected with the development and the
foreign relations of Bulgaria were discussed and decided.
In the 1930s, new mutual cooperation agreements were signed between
Bulgaria and Switzerland. In 1936, Switzerland’s Consulate General in Sofia
was transformed into a Legation, and in the beginning of the following year
the first Swiss Minister Plenipotentiary was accredited in Bulgaria. On the
eve of and during the Second World War the relations between the two
countries continued to expand. During these years, Switzerland was one of
the main commercial partners of Bulgaria. Swiss companies were among the
large investors in Bulgaria's economy.
After the Second World War, when Communist rule was established
in Bulgaria and the period of the so-called Cold War in Europe began, the
Bulgarian-Swiss relations remained stable. I was due mainly to Switzerland’s
neutral status. She was the first Western European country with which Bulgaria
signed a trade agreement in 1947. In the same year, a Bulgarian-Swiss society
for cultural exchange was founded, with the number of its members reaching
more than one thousand. In 1951, however, it terminated its activities.
In 1954, a new agreement of commerce and payments was signed. It
included the decision on the issue of the compensations to the Swiss companies
whose property in Bulgaria had been nationalised after the Second World
War. In the 1950s the trade between the two countries doubled, and in the
BULGARIA AND SWITZERLAND. TOGETHER IN HISTORY (SUMMARY)
557
next decade it grew two and a half times. New types of economic cooperation
began to be employed, including the establishment of mixed Bulgarian-Swiss
companies. Gradually, the cultural and scientific exchange between the two
countries also increased.
Bulgarian-Swiss relations received an additional boost after the gradual
rapprochement in Europe which began in the early 1970s, when new
agreements in various fields were signed between the two countries. The
mutual trade exceeded 150 million dollars annually. Switzerland entered the
list of Bulgaria’s ten largest foreign trade partners. In 1963 the diplomatic
representations in Sofia and Bern were raised to the rank of embassies.
During the period of Communist rule in Bulgaria, the country’s relations with
Switzerland were described by the Bulgarian government as a good example
of mutually beneficial cooperation between countries with different political
systems. Switzerland also held an important place in Bulgaria’s foreign policy
due to the fact that most of the UN's European offices were situated on the
country’s territory. In 1967 the Prime Minister and in 1982 the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria made official visits to Switzerland.
Following the political changes in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria
in the late 1980s, Bulgarian-Swiss relations entered a new stage. For many
Bulgarian politicians, Switzerland became the model for a developed
democratic country. They declared their aspirations for Bulgaria to become
a „Switzerland of the Balkans“. During the period of transition from a
totalitarian to a democratic system of government, Bulgaria received from
Switzerland considerable assistance for its economic and other reforms. In
1992, the two countries signed an agreement for financial assistance from the
Confederation of Switzerland to Bulgaria worth 60 million Swiss francs.
At the beginning of current century, the two countries signed another
agreement for mutual technical cooperation, according to which Switzerland
undertook to provide financial assistance worth approximately 25 million Swiss
francs for various programmes and projects supporting small and medium
businesses, regional government and development, agriculture, environmental
protection, medicine, culture, science, trade union activities, youth, Bulgaria’s
participation in the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe, etc.
Within the framework of the Swiss programme for supporting the newly-
acceded Eastern-European EU member-states, on 7 September 2010 Bulgaria
and Switzerland signed a bilateral agreement with a term of implementation
until the end of 2019, according to which dozens of projects in various fields
would be financed through assistance provided by Switzerland amounting to
76 million Swiss francs.
558
Венелин Цачевски $ България и Швейцария заедно в историята
During the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in
the broadening of the relations between Bulgaria and Switzerland in different
fields. Numerous visits were carried out by the presidents, prime ministers
and ministers of Bulgaria and Switzerland. The last ones were the visits of
Bulgaria’s President Rosen Plevneliev (October 2014) and Prime Minister
Boyko Borisov (June 2015) to Switzerland.
In addition to improving their mutual relations, the two countries have
established international cooperation on the basis of the democratic values
which form the foundation of their foreign policies and their endeavours to
maintain world peace and security and to broaden mutually-beneficent coop-
eration between all countries. Bulgaria and Switzerland have signed more than
thirty intergovernmental agreements and other conventions in the sphere of
commerce, economy, science, culture, etc. After the drop registered around
the early 1990s, the mutual trade has increased considerably, with its value
in 2014 reaching approximately 376 million euro. The same trend has been
registered with regard to Swiss direct investments in Bulgaria, which have
reached about 1.3 milliard euro. At the middle of the current decade, more
than 100 Swiss companies have opened their representations in Bulgaria.
The Bulgarian-Swiss Chamber of Commerce, established in 2004,
plays also an important role in the economic cooperation between the two
countries. Scientific and cultural exchanges are also improving greatly. In
Switzerland, three Bulgarian honorary consuls carry out useful activities. In
the 1990s, Bulgarian-Swiss friendship societies were established in the cities
of Sofia, Lorn, Silistra and Ruse.
The history of Bulgarian-Swiss relations is a history of mutual
understanding and cooperation. Switzerland is among the few European
countries with which Bulgaria has never been in conflict and has never
encountered any significant contradictions in the relations between the two
countries. The historical past is the foundation from which rise the existing
mutual feelings of friendship which connect the Bulgarian and the Swiss
people. During these past years, a considerable potential for the further
improvement of the beneficial partnership between the two countries has
been created.
There are also, however, problems stemming chiefly from the fact that
there are différencies between Bulgaria and Switzerland mainly in their
model of the state government and in some principles of their foreign policy.
Concerning the size of their territories Bulgaria is more than two and a half
times larger than Switzerland. In 2014, the population of Bulgaria numbered
an estimated 7.2 million people, while that of Switzerland was approximately
BULGARIA AND SWITZERLAND. TOGETHER IN HISTORY (SUMMARY)
559
8.2 million people. Switzerland is a confederative, while Bulgaria is an unitary
state. Switzerland has been internationally recognised as a country with a
neutral status and, unlike Bulgaria, is neither a NATO nor an EU member.
The national and regional conditions under which the two countries are
developing are also different.
On the other hand, Bulgaria is lagging behind Switzerland in its economic
development and the living standard of the population. From the figures
published annually for the development of political democracy, civil society,
the economic and social sphere it is obvious that at present Bulgaria is not an
equal commercial and business partner for Switzerland. This is also confirmed
by the financial assistance which Bulgaria receives from Switzerland.
The ratio between the value of the nominal GDP of Switzerland and
Bulgaria was 12.3 to 1, and when the value of the GDP based on purchasing
power parity was compared, the ratio was 3.2 to 1. Again in the same year the
ratio between the value of the nominal GDP per capita in Switzerland and in
Bulgaria was 11 to 1 and respectively 3.3 to 1 for the GDP based on purchasing
power parity. In 2013, the GDP per capita in Bulgaria amounted to 45% of the
average figures for the European Union, while for Switzerland this percentage
was 163. In the same year, Swiss exports and imports were respectively about
12.5 and almost 10 times larger in comparison with those of Bulgaria. The
ratio between the amounts of private foreign direct investments was almost
600 to one in favour of Switzerland. In early 2014, Switzerland’s gold and
foreign exchange reserves were 28 times larger in comparison with those of
Bulgaria.
Despite the mutual differences, Bulgaria should use Switzerland’s expe-
rience, especially in the field of economy, emerging technologies, social
policy, science, education, civil society and the use of direct democracy.
The main goal for Bulgaria should be to speed up its economic development
growth, to raise the level of démocratisation of the country’s governance, and
to improve the efficiency of the state policy, especially in the public and social
fields. The attainment of this goal would enable Bulgaria to become in the
future an equal partner of Switzerland and to make the bilateral cooperation
more beneficial in all spheres.
Съдържание
ПРЕДГОВОР.9
Н. Пр. Д-р Меглена Плугчиева,
Извънреден и пълномощен посланик на Република България
в Конфедерация Швейцария и Княжество Лихтенщайн.9
Н. Пр, Денис Кнобел,
Извънреден и пълномощен посланик на Конфедерация Швейцария
в Република България.14
УВОД.;. 17
ПЪРВА ГЛАВА,
КРАТКА ИСТОРИЯ НА ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ.'.23
1. Старата швейцарска конфедерация (1291-1798).23
2. Хелветската република и новата швейцарска конфедерална държава.33
3. Швейцария през първата половина на XX век.53
4. Развитието и политиката на Швейцария
през Втората световна война.74
5. Предизвикателствата през следвоенния период.86
6. Сегашната швейцарска политическа система.97
7. Швейцарският неутралитет и външна политика в съвременните условия.151
ВТОРА ГЛАВА.
ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ СВЯТ.171
6
Венелин Цачевски $ България и Швейцария заедно в историята
ТРЕТА ГЛАВА*
ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИЯ: ВЕК И ПОЛОВИНА
СОЛИДАРНОСТ И СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО.*.181
1. Идеята за Балканска федерация.181
2. Българо-швейцарските връзки
след Освобождението на България.188
3. Взаимното сътрудничество след установяването на дипломатически отноше-
ния през 1915 г.215
4. Отношенията между България и Швейцария
в периода на „студената война".248
5. Българо-швейцарското партньорство след 1989 г.270
6. Приложим ли е швейцарският демократичен модел
в България?.293
ЧЕТВЪРТА ГЛАВА*
ШВЕЙЦАРЦИТЕ И БЪЛГАРИТЕ ֊ ДУХОВНИЯТ МОСТ
МЕЖДУ ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ И БЪЛГАРИЯ. 321
1. Роберт Гейзер ֊ един от основоположниците
на здравеопазването в България.321
2. Швейцарските търговци и индустриалци в България.326
3. Даниел Нееф и Люсиен Шевала -
първите паркостроители в България.*.335
4. Швейцарските архитекти и инженери в България.351
5. Приносът на Луи Айер и другите швейцарски учители
в българското образование и спорт.360
6. Солидарността на швейцарците с България в съвременните условия .398
7. Българите в Швейцария .402
ПЕТА ГЛАВА*
КОНСТАНТИН КАЦАРОВ - ЖИВОТ,
ПОСВЕТЕН НА НАУКАТА И БЪЛГАРИЯ.*.*.437
1. Ранни години. 437
2. Студентският период в живота на К. Кацаров.441
3. Отново в България - по пътя на израстването
на К. Кацаров като учен и преподавател.448
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
7
4. В полезрението на Държавна сигурност.461
5. Отново в Щвейцария -
световно признание на учен и експерт .479
6. Фонд „Константин и Зиновия Кацарови“ -
венец на патриотизма и родолюбието на К. Кацаров.494
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. 509
ИНФОРМАЦИОННИ ИЗТОЧНИЦИ. 511
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 543
БЪЛГАРИЯ И ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ.
ЗАЕДНО В ИСТОРИЯТА (РЕЗЮМЕ). 547
BULGARIA AND SWITZERLAND.
TOGETHER IN HISTORY (SUMMARY).553
ЗА АВТОРА |
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| format | Book |
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| geographic | Schweiz (DE-588)4053881-3 gnd Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Schweiz Bulgarien |
| id | DE-604.BV042935855 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:11:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9786197260007 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028362504 |
| oclc_num | 930618802 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 563 Seiten, 48 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Studija Transmedija |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)103648585 aut Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata Venelin Cačevski Părvo izdanie Sofija Studija Transmedija 2015 563 Seiten, 48 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Enhält englische Zusammenfassung: Bulgaria and Switzerland together in history Text bulgarisch Kyrillische Schrift Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Schweiz (DE-588)4053881-3 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Schweiz (DE-588)4053881-3 g Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028362504&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028362504&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4053881-3 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| title_auth | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| title_exact_search | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| title_full | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata Venelin Cačevski |
| title_fullStr | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata Venelin Cačevski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata Venelin Cačevski |
| title_short | Bălgarija i Švejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| title_sort | balgarija i svejcarija zaedno v istorijata |
| topic_facet | Schweiz Bulgarien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028362504&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028362504&sequence=000002&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cacevskivenelin balgarijaisvejcarijazaednovistorijata |