Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East: sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971
"An important new political and economic history of the unravelling of the British Empire and its connection to the decline of sterling as a leading international currency. Analyzing events such as the 1951 Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the 1956 Suez crisis, Steven Galpern provides a n...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2013
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. paperback ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "An important new political and economic history of the unravelling of the British Empire and its connection to the decline of sterling as a leading international currency. Analyzing events such as the 1951 Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the 1956 Suez crisis, Steven Galpern provides a new perspective on British imperialism in the Middle East by reframing British policy in the context of the government's postwar efforts to maintain the international prestige of the pound. He reveals the link that British officials made between the Middle Eastern oil trade and the strength of sterling and how this influenced government policy and strained relationships with the Middle East, the United States, and multinational oil firms. In so doing, this book draws revealing parallels between the British experience and that of the United States today and will be essential reading for scholars of the British empire, Middle East studies and economic history"--Provided by publisher. |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 331 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9781107657182 9780521767903 |
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| adam_text | Money, Oil, and Empire in the Middle East
An important new political and economic history of the unraveling of the British empire and its connection to the decline of sterling as a leading international currency. Analyzing events such as the 1951 Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the 1956 Suez crisis, Steven G. Galpern provides a new perspective on British imperialism in the Middle East by reframing British policy in the context of the government’s postwar efforts to maintain the international prestige of the pound. He reveals the link that British officials made between the Middle Eastern oil trade and the strength of sterling, and how this influenced government policy and strained relationships with the Middle East, the United States, and multinational oil firms. In so doing, this book draws revealing parallels between the British experience and that of the United States today, and will be essential reading for scholars of the British empire, Middle East studies, and economic history.
STEVEN G. GALPERN received his PhD in history from the University of Texas at Austin after which he worked for five years as a historian at the US Department of State, where he currently works as a Middle East Analyst.
Contents
List of illustrations List of tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations
Introduction
1 Anglo-American conflict over oil and the sterling area
1.1 The rise of the sterling area and the creation of the Bretton Woods international monetary system, 1932-1944
1.2 Anglo-American petroleum talks, 1944-1945
1.3 Balance-of-payments crises and strategic turning points, 1947-1949
1.4 Substitution of sterling oil for dollar oil, 1949—1950
2 Sterling and Britain’s confrontation with nationalism in Iran
2.1 The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Britain, and Iran, 1900-1946
2.2 From renegotiation to nationalization, 1947-1951
2.3 The balance-of-payments crisis of 1951 and the importance of British control over Iranian oil
2.4 US anti-imperialism, anti-communism, and Anglo-American conflict, 1950-1953
2.5 The Consortium Agreement, sterling, and British policy, 1953-1954
3
The Suez crisis: a sterling rescue operation gone wrong
3.1 De facto sterling convertibility, declining confidence in the pound, and the continuing importance of oil to the British balance of payments, 1954-1956
3.2 Anglo-American defense planning, the Aswan High Dam project, and the nationalization of the Suez Canal, 1954-1956
3.3 Speculation against sterling and the march toward war
3.4 Operation “Musketeer,” Anglo-American discord, and sterling’s collapse
3.5 Consequences
page lx x xi xiii
I
23
27
35
48
59
80
83
87
105
114
130
142
146
150
166
178
193
Vll
viii Contents
4 Kuwait’s surplus oil revenue: the benefit and threat
to sterling 198
4.1 A new oil agreement, expanding production, and Whitehall’s
anxiety over rapidly rising sterling revenues in Kuwait 204
4.2 Sterling convertibility, decolonization, development, and the growing importance of Kuwait’s sterling balances to the
sterling area 218
4.3 Arab nationalism, the threat to Britain’s interests in Kuwait, and
Anglo-American intervention in the Middle East 229
4.4 Britain’s continuing balance-of-payments struggles, Whitehall’s reconsideration of its military commitments in the Persian Gulf, and US efforts to maintain sterling and British forces east
of Suez 255
Conclusion: the devaluation of 1967 and the end
of empire 268
Afterword 287
Appendices 295
Select bibliography 299
Index 313
|
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| spelling | Galpern, Steven G. Verfasser aut Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 Steven G. Galpern 1. paperback ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2013 XIV, 331 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "An important new political and economic history of the unravelling of the British Empire and its connection to the decline of sterling as a leading international currency. Analyzing events such as the 1951 Iranian oil nationalization crisis and the 1956 Suez crisis, Steven Galpern provides a new perspective on British imperialism in the Middle East by reframing British policy in the context of the government's postwar efforts to maintain the international prestige of the pound. He reveals the link that British officials made between the Middle Eastern oil trade and the strength of sterling and how this influenced government policy and strained relationships with the Middle East, the United States, and multinational oil firms. In so doing, this book draws revealing parallels between the British experience and that of the United States today and will be essential reading for scholars of the British empire, Middle East studies and economic history"--Provided by publisher. Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1932-1971 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Petroleum industry and trade Great Britain History 20th century Petroleum industry and trade Middle East History 20th century Pound, British History 20th century Imperialism History 20th century Erdölindustrie (DE-588)4015186-4 gnd rswk-swf Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd rswk-swf Pfund Sterling (DE-588)4174107-9 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Naher Osten Mittlerer Osten (DE-588)4039755-5 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 s Erdölindustrie (DE-588)4015186-4 s Mittlerer Osten (DE-588)4039755-5 g Geschichte 1932-1971 z DE-604 Pfund Sterling (DE-588)4174107-9 s Geschichte z Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028333374&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028333374&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Galpern, Steven G. Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 Geschichte Petroleum industry and trade Great Britain History 20th century Petroleum industry and trade Middle East History 20th century Pound, British History 20th century Imperialism History 20th century Erdölindustrie (DE-588)4015186-4 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd Pfund Sterling (DE-588)4174107-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015186-4 (DE-588)4026651-5 (DE-588)4174107-9 (DE-588)4039755-5 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 |
| title_auth | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 |
| title_exact_search | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 |
| title_full | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 Steven G. Galpern |
| title_fullStr | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 Steven G. Galpern |
| title_full_unstemmed | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 Steven G. Galpern |
| title_short | Money, oil, and empire in the Middle East |
| title_sort | money oil and empire in the middle east sterling and postwar imperialism 1944 1971 |
| title_sub | sterling and postwar imperialism, 1944 - 1971 |
| topic | Geschichte Petroleum industry and trade Great Britain History 20th century Petroleum industry and trade Middle East History 20th century Pound, British History 20th century Imperialism History 20th century Erdölindustrie (DE-588)4015186-4 gnd Imperialismus (DE-588)4026651-5 gnd Pfund Sterling (DE-588)4174107-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Petroleum industry and trade Great Britain History 20th century Petroleum industry and trade Middle East History 20th century Pound, British History 20th century Imperialism History 20th century Erdölindustrie Imperialismus Pfund Sterling Großbritannien Naher Osten Mittlerer Osten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028333374&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028333374&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT galpernsteveng moneyoilandempireinthemiddleeaststerlingandpostwarimperialism19441971 |