Issues in Pakistan's economy: a political economy perspective
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2015
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| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 836 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780199401833 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Issues in Pakistan's economy |b a political economy perspective |c S. Akbar Zaidi |
| 250 | |a Third edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2015 | |
| 300 | |a xxiii, 836 Seiten |b Diagramme | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
LIST OF FIGURES, GRAPHS, AND MAPS XIII
LIST OF TABLES XIV
INTRODUCTION XIX
CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING PAKISTAN S STRUCTURAL 1
TRANSFORMATION: 1947-2014
1.1 STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION 3
1.2 DECADES AND EPOCHS 4
1.2.1 LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS: 1947-58 6
1.2.2 THE DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT: 6
1958-68
1.2.3 THE BAD LUCK YEARS: 1971-77 7
1.2.4 THE SECOND MILITARY GOVERNMENT: 7
1977-88
1.2.5 NEO-LIBERALISM, STRUCTURAL 8
ADJUSTMENT, AND PRAETORIAN POLITICS
1.2.6 LIFESTYLE LIBERALISM, DICTATORSHIP, 8
WAR, AND SUBJUGATION: 1999-2007
1.2.7 ANOTHER DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION? 9
2007 ONWARDS
1.3 TRANSFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT: 9
THE BALANCE SHEET
1.4 CONCLUSIONS
PART 1: AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER 2 IS PAKISTAN FEUDAL? A HISTORICAL
ACCOUNT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN
2.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEFORE
THE CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH RULE
2.2 THE IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIALISM
2.3 FEUDAL OR CAPITALIST?
2.4 POPULAR PERCEPTIONS OF FEUDALISM
2.5 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
2.5.1 SUMMARY
2.5.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 3 THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND
LAND REFORMS
3.1 THE GREEN REVOLUTION
3.1.1 THE ISSUE OF THE TUBE WELLS
3.1.2 TRACTORIZATION
3.1.3 REGIONAL AND INCOME DISPARITIES
11
13
14
14
17
19
21
24
24
24
31
31
33
33
33
3.1.4 ELITE FARMER STRATEGY AND 34
CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT
3.1.5 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS 34
3.2 LAND REFORMS 35
3.2.1 THE 1959 LAND REFORMS 37
3.2.2 THE BHUTTO REFORMS OF 1972 38
3.3 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 39
3.3.1 SUMMARY 39
3.3.2 FURTHER READING 39
CHAPTER 4 THE NATURE AND DIRECTION OF 42
AGRARIAN CHANGE
4.1 EXPLAINING THE NUMBERS 42
4.1.1 DATA FROM THE CENSUSES 43
4.1.2 CHANGES OVER TIME 45
4.2 WHAT DO THE NUMBERS MEAN? 46
4.3 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 57
4.3.1 SUMMARY 57
4.3.2 FURTHER READING 57
CHAPTER 5 AGRICULTURE: CRITICAL ISSUES 62
5.1 AN OVERVIEW AND MAJOR TRENDS 62
5.2 AGRICULTURAL PRICING POLICY 68
5.3 RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS AND 72
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT
5.3.1 INFORMAL SOURCES OF CREDIT 78
5.3.2 FORMAL SOURCES OF CREDIT 80
5.4 MECHANIZATION 83
5.5 AGRICULTURAL INCOME TAX 86
5.6 THE WATER CRISIS 88
5.7 LAND OWNERSHIP, POWER, AND LAND REFORMS 89
5.8 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 94
5.8.1 SUMMARY 94
5.8.2 FURTHER READING 95
PART 2: INDUSTRY AND TRADE
CHAPTER 6
6.1
THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN
PAKISTAN 1:1947-77
109
110
6.2
1947-58: EXCHANGE RATES, TRADE POLICIES, 111
AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTING INDUSTRIALIZATION
6.1.1 THE IMPACT OF THE EXCHANGE RATE 112
6.1.2 THE TRADE POLICY REGIME 113
6.1.3 THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXCHANGE 114
RATE AND TRADE POLICY FOR
INDUSTRIALIZATION
6.1.4 THE END RESULT 115
1958-68: THE DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT 117
VIII CONTENTS
6.3
6.4
6.2.1 TRADE POLICY DIRECTING
INDUSTRIALIZATION
6.2.2 FOREIGN AID, THE PRIVATE SECTOR,
AND INEQUALITIES
1972-77: THE BHUTTO YEARS*BAD LUCK OR
BAD MANAGEMENT?
6.3.1 ECONOMIC POLICIES AND
PERFORMANCE
6.3.2 THE BAD LUCK FACTOR
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
6.4.1 SUMMARY
6.4.2 FURTHER READING
118
120
124
125
126
128
128
129
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
CHAPTER 7
7.1
THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN 131
PAKISTAN II: 1977-2013
THE ZIA YEARS: 1977-88 132
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.1.5
THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF GROWTH 132
7.2
7.3
INDUSTRIAL POLICY 134
THE PUBLIC/PRIVATE SECTOR DIVIDE 136
DEREGULATION AND LIBERALIZATION 137
CAUSES OF HIGH GROWTH AND THE 138
SUCCESS OF THE ZIA REGIME
THE AGE OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT: 140
1988 ONWARDS
7.2.1 THE PRINCIPLES OF THE PROGRAMME 140
7.2.2 ASSESSING THE IMPACT ON THE 142
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 146
7.3.1 SUMMARY 146
7.3.2 FURTHER READING 146
CHAPTER 8 KEY ISSUES IN INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN 150
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.7
NUMBERS AND TRENDS IN INDUSTRY 150
THE SMALL-SCALE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 153
8.2.1 NUMBERS AND CHARACTERISTICS 153
8.2.2 EMERGENCE AND GROWTH 155
8.2.3 ISSUES AFFECTING THE 160
SMALL-SCALE SECTOR
THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ITS CRISIS 163
HAS PUBLIC SECTOR INDUSTRY BEEN A FAILURE? 168
THE PRIVATIZATION PROCESS 171
THE DEBATE OVER EFFICIENCY IN THE 176
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
THE ENERGY CRISIS 182
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 190
8.7.1 SUMMARY 190
8.7.2 FURTHER READING 190
CHAPTER 9
9.1
9.2
9.2.5 TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER 214
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT: 1988
ONWARDS
THE DEBATE OVER EFFICIENCY AND THE 216
TRADE REGIME
THE EXCHANGE RATE 219
DEALING WITH GLOBALIZATION AND 222
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
9.5.1 SOME POLITICAL ECONOMY ISSUES 222
9.5.2 GLOBALIZATION AND WTO S IMPACT 224
ON PAKISTAN
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 227
9.6.1 SUMMARY 227
9.6.2 FURTHER READING 231
PART 3: FISCAL POLICY 247
CHAPTER 10 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND THE 248
STRUCTURE OF TAXATION
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION 248
10.1.1 LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS
10.1.2 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL FISCAL
RELATIONS PRIOR TO 2010
THE STRUCTURE OF TAXATION
10.2.1 UNDERSTANDING PAKISTAN S
TAXATION STRUCTURE
PUBLIC FINANCE: THE BASIC FACTS
KEY ISSUES IN TAXATION
10.4.1 FEDERAL TAXES
10.4.2 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AT THE
PROVINCIAL LEVEL
10.4.3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
10.5.1 SUMMARY
10.5.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 11 DEBT AND DEFICITS
248
251
255
255
261
268
268
276
283
285
285
285
298
298
300
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND
TRADE REGIMES
PAKISTAN S FOREIGN TRADE: BASIC FACTS
TRADE POLICY AND TRADE REGIMES
9.2.1 THE EARLY YEARS: 1947-58
9.2.2 TRADE POLICY AND THE DECADE OF
DEVELOPMENT
9.2.3 A NEW COUNTRY: 1972-77
9.2.4 THE BEGINNING OF A LIBERAL
TRADE REGIME: 1977-88
199
199
205
205
210
212
213
11.3
11.4
DOES THE FISCAL DEFICIT MATTER?
11.1.1 SHOULD BUDGETS ALWAYS BE
BALANCED?
11.1.2 THE PROBLEM OF MEASURING DEFICIT 300
11.1.3 FISCAL DEFICITS, INTERTEMPORAL 301
EQUITY, AND DISTRIBUTION
11.1.4 MACROECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS 302
CRITICAL CONCERNS REGARDING PAKISTAN S 302
FISCAL DEFICIT
11.2.1 THE IMF/WORLD BANK VIEW OF 309
PAKISTAN S FISCAL DEFICIT, 1980-97
11.2.2 RE-EXAMINING CRITICAL CONCERNS 310
THE DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN DEBT CRISES 310
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 319
11.4.1 SUMMARY 319
11.4.2 FURTHER READING 319
CONTENTS IX
PART 4: DEVOLUTION AND FISCAL FEDERALISM 329
CHAPTER 12 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND THE POLITICAL 330
ECONOMY OF DECENTRALIZATION
12.1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PAKISTAN 331
12.1.1 THE BASIC DEMOCRACIES OF 331
THE 1960S
12.1.2 LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE 1980S 334
(AND 1990S): URBAN PAKISTAN
AND THE MIDDLE CLASSES
12.1.3 DEVOLUTION IN THE NEW 338
MILLENNIUM
12.2 FINANCING LOCAL GOVERNMENT 340
12.2.1 FINANCING UNDER THE 1979 342
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
12.2.2 FINANCING UNDER THE 2001 343
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
12.3 THREE MILITARY RULERS AND THREE LOCAL 348
GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS
12.4 IS LOCAL GOVERNMENT THE ANSWER? 350
12.4.1 THE CONTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL 350
GOVERNMENT IN DEVELOPMENT
12.4.2 POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT BY 350
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
12.4.3 IS LOCAL GOVERNMENT THE ANSWER? 351
12.5 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 351
12.5.1 SUMMARY 351
12.5.2 FURTHER READING 353
CHAPTER 13 FISCAL FEDERALISM IN PAKISTAN: 362
EMERGING DYNAMICS, ISSUES, AND
PROSPECTS
13.1 PRE-INDEPENDENCE EVOLUTION AND 362
DEVELOPMENT
13.1.1 THE OTTO NIEMEYER AWARD 1936 363
13.1.2 POST-INDEPENDENCE EVOLUTION 363
AND DEVELOPMENTS*NFC AWARDS
IN RETROSPECT
13.2 THE NATIONAL FINANCE COMMISSION AWARD: 363
AN INTRODUCTION
13.2.1 THERAISMAN AWARD 1951 365
13.2.2 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 365
COMMISSION 1961-62
13.2.3 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 367
COMMISSION AWARD 1964
13.2.4 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 369
COMMITTEE 1970
13.2.5 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 370
COMMISSION AWARD 1974
13.2.6 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 370
COMMISSION AWARDS, 1979
AND 1985
13.2.7 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 371
COMMISSION AWARD 1990
13.2.8 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 371
COMMISSION AWARD 1997
13.2.9 THE NATIONAL FINANCE 372
COMMISSION AWARD 2006
13.3
THE NATIONAL FINANCE COMMISSION 373
AWARD 2010
13.3.1 POPULA TION CRITERIA 3 74
POVERTY OR BACKWARDNESS CRITERIA 377
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
REVENUE COLLECTION AND
GENERATION CRITERIA
13.3.4 TAX COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION
ACROSS FEDERATING UNITS OF
PAKISTAN
13.3.5 INVERSE POPULATION DENSITY
CRITERIA
SOME ISSUES RELATING TO
INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL TRANSFERS AND
THE NFC 2010 AWARD
13.4.1 VERTICAL FISCAL IMBALANCES
13.4.2 MULTIPLE CRITERIA AND THE WAY
FORWARD
13.4.3 SALES TAX AND PROVINCES
13.4.4 SUBSTITUTION OF FISCAL EFFORT BY
SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
13.4.5 CONDITIONAL VERSUS
UNCONDITIONAL GRANTS
13.4.6 FISCAL FEDERALISM AND POVERTY
REDUCTION
THE CASE OF FISCAL EQUALIZATION
13.5.1 FISCAL EQUALIZATION INDEX (FEI)
13.5.2 FISCAL EQUALIZATION WITH
DOMINANCE OF INDIRECT TAXES
AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
IN REAL TERMS
THE 18TH AMENDMENT: THE WAY FORWARD
TO DEVOLUTION?
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
13.7.1 SUMMARY
13.7.2 FURTHER READINGS
PART 5: MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL AND
CAPITAL MARKETS
CHAPTER 14 FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL MARKETS
377
378
379
381
381
381
382
382
382
383
383
383
385
386
388
388
389
391
392
14.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SECTOR 393
14.1.1 THE FIRST PHASE: 1947-74 393
14.1.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 394
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING
14.1.3 NATIONALIZATION IN THE 1970S 396
14.1.4 ISLAMIC BANKING 397
14.1.5 DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1988 398
14.1.6 BANKING TRENDS: 1964-2012 399
14.1.7 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 401
INSTITUTIONS (DFIS) AND
NON-BANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
(NBFIS)
14.1.8 SOME SALIENT ISSUES IN THE 402
BANKING SECTOR
14.1.9 EXCLUDING THE MAJORITY: LIMITED 405
ACCESS TO FINANCE IN PAKISTAN
14.2 THE EQUITIES MARKET 407
14.3 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 410
X CONTENTS
14.3.1 SUMMARY
14.3.2 FURTHER READING
410
411
CHAPTER 15 MONETARY POLICY, SAVINGS, AND INFLATION 423
15.1 MONETARY POLICY AND MONETARY 423
MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN
15.2 MONEY SUPPLY AND MONETARY EXPANSION 432
15.3 INFLATION AND ITS CAUSES 432
15.4 THE LOW SAVINGS RATE 439
15.5 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 444
15.5.1 SUMMARY 444
15.5.2 FURTHER READING 444
PART 6: NEO-LIBERALISM, STABILIZATION, AND 457
MACROECONOMICS: FROM ESAFS
TO PRSPS TO SB AS*1988 TO
THE PRESENT
CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES: 458
COMPOSITION AND EFFECTS
16.1 THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPORT OF 459
DEVELOPMENT THINKING
16.2 FROM STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT LOANS TO 460
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES
16.3 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES: 465
COMPOSITION
16.4 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES: 467
IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS
16.5 ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION AND OPENNESS: 469
SOME QUESTIONABLE ASSERTIONS
16.5.1 THE CONTEXTUALITY OI POLICY 471
16.5.2 INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL AND THE 473
LOSS OF NATIONAL AUTONOMY
16.6 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 473
16.6.1 SUMMARY 473
16.6.2 FURTHER READING 475
CHAPTER 17 THE IMF AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 483
PROGRAMMES IN PAKISTAN
17.1 HISTORY 483
17.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRUCTURAL 488
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES IN PAKISTAN:
AN EXAMINATION OF THE 1988 PROGRAMME
17.2.1 FISCAL POLICY 488
17.2.2 TRADE 489
17.2.3 FINANCIAL SECTOR 489
17.3 WAS THE 1988 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 489
PROGRAMME A SUCCESS? ACHIEVEMENTS
AND FAILURES
17.3.1 FISCAL POLICY 490
17.3.2 TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 490
17.3.3 FINANCIAL SECTOR 491
17.3.4 LIBERALIZATION AND PRIVATIZATION 491
17.3.5 OTHER AREAS 491
17.4 THE WORLD BANK/IMF S OVERALL 492
EVALUATION OF THE 1988 STRUCTURAL
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME
17.5 THE 2008 STAND-BY AGREEMENT 494
17.6 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF STRUCTURAL 498
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMMES IN PAKISTAN
17.6.1 PAKISTAN S DEPENDENCE ON 500
WASHINGTON, OR ARE
GOVERNMENTS AUTONOMOUS?
17.6.2 DID PAKISTAN NEED TO GO TO THE 502
IMF IN THE 1990S?
17.6.3 WHY DOES PAKISTAN ACCEPT 504
IMF PROGRAMMES?
17.7 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 509
17.7.1 SUMMARY 509
17.7.2 FURTHER READING 510
CHAPTER 18 MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS: 518
1998-2013
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
PART 7: THE SOCIAL SECTORS: INSTITUTIONS 555
AND GOVERNANCE
CHAPTER 19 THE SOCIAL SECTORS I: INTERNATIONAL 556
COMPARISONS, EDUCATION, POPULATION,
URBANIZATION, AND HOUSING
BEFORE AND AFTER MAY 1998
11 SEPTEMBER 2001: THE DAY THE WORLD
CHANGED
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE DEBT CRISIS?
THE GROWING FOREX RESERVES
DID THE ECONOMY TURNAROUND?
MUSHARRAF AND AFTER: 2004-2008
THE PAKISTAN PEOPLE S PARTY S ECONOMIC
POLICIES 2008-2013: BAD LUCK OR
BAD MANAGEMENT?
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
18.8.1 SUMMARY
18.8.2 FURTHER READING
518
522
524
528
532
535
538
544
544
545
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
SOME INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL 556
COMPARISONS
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH 2002-07 559
19.2.1 FINALLY ON TRACK? 560
EDUCATION 561
19.3.1 STATISTICS 561
19.3.2 THE ISSUES 563
19.3.3 SUMMARIZING THE ISSUES IN 566
EDUCATION
POPULATION WELFARE AND FAMILY PLANNING: 568
THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
19.5
19.4.1
19.4.2
19.4.3
19.4.4
THE EVOLUTION OF THE POPULATION
WELFARE PROGRAMME
KNOWLEDGE AND USAGE
SOME ISSUES
PAKISTAN S DEMOGRAPHY:
DIVIDEND OR DISASTER?
URBANIZATION AND HOUSING
19.5.1
19.5.2
19.5.3
19.5.4
THE EXTENT OF URBANIZATION
RETHINKING URBAN AND RURAL
HOUSING IN CITIES
THE DEMAND FOR LOW INCOME
HOUSING IN PAKISTAN
568
569
570
571
573
573
575
579
580
CONTENTS XI
19.7 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
19.7.1 SUMMARY
19.7.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 20 THE SOCIAL SECTORS II: MDGS, GENDER,
ENVIRONMENT, NGOS, INSTITUTIONS, AND
GOVERNANCE
20.1 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS)
20.2 GENDER INEQUALITY AND WOMEN
20.2.1 STATISTICS
20.2.2 SOME ISSUES
20.2.3 FINDING SOME OPTIONS
20.3 THE ENVIRONMENT
20.4 INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES IN THE SOCIAL SECTOR
20.5 GOVERNANCE, DECENTRALIZATION, AND
LOCAL LEVEL DELIVERY
20.5.1 GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
IN PAKISTAN
20.6 NGOS AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
20.7 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
20.7.1 SUMMARY
20.7.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 21 THE SOCIAL SECTORS III: THE HEALTH
SECTOR AND THE HEALTH-POVERTY NEXUS
21.1 HEALTH AND POVERTY
21.2 EXAMINING HEALTH DATA: HEALTH STATUS,
HEALTH SPENDING, AND THE POOR
21.2.1 HEALTH STATUS
21.2.2 EXAMINING HEALTH DATA
21.2.3 UTILIZATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES
21.2.4 HEALTH SPENDING AND HEALTH
EXPENDITURE
21.3 HEALTH OUTCOMES AND NON-MEDICAL
INTERVENTIONS
21.4 THE POOR AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
21.5 THE ISSUES OF PRICE, COST, AND ACCESS TO
TREATMENT
21.5.1 HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO CURE
TUBERCULOSIS?
21.6 THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE ON THE POOR
21.7 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE CONTROL
OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
21.7.1 THE NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2001
21.7.2 THE EXTENDED PROGRAMME OF
IMMUNIZATION
21.7.3 THE NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS
CONTROL PROGRAMME
21.7.4 THE LADY HEALTH WORKERS
PROGRAMME
21.8 INTERVENING IN THE HEALTH-POVERTY NEXUS:
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
COMMISSION ON MACROECONOMICS AND
HEALTH
21.9 RETHINKING INTERVENTION IN THE HEALTH-
POVERTY NEXUS: HEALTH, OR POVERTY?
582 21.10 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
582 21.10.1 SUMMARY
582 21.10.2 FURTHER READING
589 PART 8: POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
636
637
638
639
640
640
641
644
646
646
646
649
CHAPTER 22 POVERTY: TRENDS, CAUSES, AND SOLUTIONS 650
589
591
591
595
596
597
604
606
607
609
613
613
613
524
624
625
625
626
629
630
631
632
633
634
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
CHAPTER 23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
WHAT DOES POVERTY MEAN?
TRENDS IN POVERTY
WHO AXE THE POOR AND WHERE DO
THEY LIVE?
EXPLAINING THE TRENDS IN POVERTY 1960-88
POVERTY IN PAKISTAN: 1988-2013
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
POVERTY AND BONDED LABOUR
CAN POVERTY BE ELIMINATED IN PAKISTAN?
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
22.9.1 SUMMARY
22.9.2 FURTHER READING
REGIONAL AND INCOME INEQUALITIES
REGIONAL INEQUALITIES: DISTRICTS AND
PROVINCES
23.1.1 METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
23.1.2 THE ISSUES
REGIONAL INEQUALITIES: AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES
THE CASE OF KARACHI: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,
AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS
23.3.1 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
23.3.2 REVENUE COLLECTION
23.3.3 AN ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF
KARACHI
23.3.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR NFC TRANSFERS
23.3.5 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
23.3.6 KARACHI AS A PROVINCE?
INCOME INEQUALITIES
CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
23.6.1 SUMMARY
23.6.2 FURTHER READING
650
652
656
658
662
665
669
672
674
674
674
687
687
688
693
699
701
703
705
705
706
707
707
710
714
714
714
715
PART 9: POLITICAL ECONOMICS 721
CHAPTER 24 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NEIGHBOURLY 722
RELATIONS
24.1 INDIA AND PAKISTAN: A BRIEF COMPARISON 724
24.2 THEORIZING TRADE, WAR, AND PEACE 725
24.3 TRADE WITH INDIA 728
24.4 THE BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF TRADING 734
WITH INDIA
24.4.1 THE SIMPLE BENEFITS OF TRADE 734
24.4.2 COMPLICATING SIMPLICITY: THE 734
INTERESTS OF THE MILITARY
24.5 CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBILITIES: A MATTER 736
OF SURVIVAL
24.6 THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADE WITH INDIA 736
24.6 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING 750
XII CONTENTS
24.6.1
24.6.2
SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 25 WAR, DESTRUCTION, AND AID
25.1 THE COSTS OF THE WAR ON TERROR
25.2 WAR AND AID: WHO BENEFITS FROM US AID
TO PAKISTAN?
25.2.1 FIFTY YEARS OF AID TO PAKISTAN
1950-2002
25.3 THE COMPLICATED ISSUES OF US AID
AFTER 9/11
25.3.1 THE PURPOSE OF AID
25.3.2 HAS THE PURPOSE OF AID BEEN
ACHIEVED?
25.3.3 ECONOMIC AND HUMANITARIAN
AID AND ASSISTANCE
25.4 THE CONSEQUENCES OF AID
25.5 THE NATURE OF RECENT US AID TO PAKISTAN
25.6 WHO BENEFITS FROM US AID TO PAKISTAN?
25.7 SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
25.7.1 SUMMARY
25.7.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 26 POLITICAL ECONOMICS: CLASS, STATE,
POWER, AND TRANSITION
26.1 CIVILIAN BUREAUCRACY AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION: 1947-58
26.2 CIVIL AND MILITARY BUREAUCRATIC
CAPITALISM: 1958-71
26.3 A SHIFT IN EMPHASIS: 1971-77
26.4 A MILITARY STATE AND THE MIDDLE CLASSES:
1977-88
750
750
753
753
754
754
758
758
758
760
761
763
768
769
769
769
782
783
784
785
785
26.5
26.6
26.7
ELECTIONS WITHOUT DEMOCRACY: 1988-99 787
THE RETURN OF THE MILITARY: 1999 ONWARDS 788
ISSUES IN PAKISTAN S POLITICAL ECONOMY 789
26.7.1 PAKISTAN S MIDDLE CLASSES 789
26.7.2 THE PAKISTANI MILITARY S 790
ECONOMIC INTERESTS AND THEIR
CONSEQUENCES
26.7.3 PAKISTAN S PRAETORIAN DEMOCRACY 791
AND TECHNOCRATS AS APOLOGISTS
26.7.4 PAKISTAN S STATE AND SOCIETY:
GROUPS, FRACTIONS, AND INFLUENCE
26.7.5 URBANISM AS A WAY OF LIFE
26.7.6 IS PAKISTAN A FAILED STATE?
26.8
SUMMARY AND FURTHER READING
26.8.1 SUMMARY
26.8.2 FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 27 A NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY?
27.1 TRANSITIONS
27.1.1 THE VIEW IN MID-2011: WAS
PAKISTAN NEAR COLLAPSE?
27.1.2. THE OLD AND THE NEW IN NAYA
PAKISTAN: ELECTIONS 2013
27.2 THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF THE
PAKISTANI STATE
27.2.1 THEORIZING THE PAKISTANI STATE
27.3 A STATE WITHOUT POWER? THE
FRACTURIZATION OF POWER IN PAKISTAN
27.4 CONCLUSIONS
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
791
795
797
798
798
798
803
803
803
807
810
810
812
816
821
828
|
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| spelling | Zaidi, S. A. Verfasser (DE-588)170678962 aut Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective S. Akbar Zaidi Third edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2015 xxiii, 836 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/82400521X.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028327796&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Zaidi, S. A. Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective |
| title | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective |
| title_auth | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective |
| title_exact_search | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective |
| title_full | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective S. Akbar Zaidi |
| title_fullStr | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective S. Akbar Zaidi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Issues in Pakistan's economy a political economy perspective S. Akbar Zaidi |
| title_short | Issues in Pakistan's economy |
| title_sort | issues in pakistan s economy a political economy perspective |
| title_sub | a political economy perspective |
| url | http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/82400521X.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028327796&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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