Neuropathology simplified: a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cham [u.a.]
Springer
2015
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XV, 247 S. zahlr. Ill. 24 cm |
ISBN: | 3319146041 9783319146041 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Titel: Neuropathology simplified
Autor: Hilton, David A
Jahr: 2015
Contents
1 Normal Histology and Commonly Used Stains.1
1.1 Cells of the Nervous System.1
1.1.1 Neurons.1
1.1.2 Astrocytes.2
1.1.3 Oligodendrocytes.5
1.1.4 Schwann Cells.5
1.1.5 Ependyma.6
1.1.6 Microglia.7
1.1.7 Supporting Tissues.8
1.2 General Architecture of the Nervous System.8
1.2.1 Grey and White Matter.8
1.2.2 Peripheral Nerve.9
1.2.3 Ganglia.10
1.2.4 Skeletal Muscle.10
1.3 Commonly Used Stains in Neuropathology.11
1.3.1 Tinctorial Stains.11
1.3.2 Immunohistochemical Preparations.13
References.15
2 Basic Pathologic Reactions.17
2.1 Neurons.17
2.1.1 Neuronal Atrophy and Neuronal Loss.17
2.1.2 Hypoxic-Ischaemic Change.17
2.1.3 Central Chromatolysis.18
2.1.4 Abnormal Inclusions.18
2.1.5 Axonal Alterations.19
2.2 Astrocytes.21
2.2.1 Gliosis.21
2.2.2 Alzheimer "type II Astrocyte.23
2.2.3 Rosenthal Fibers.23
ix
x Contents
2.2.4 Eosinophilie Granular Bodies.23
2.2.5 Corpora Amylacea.23
2.3 Oligodendrocytes.25
2.3.1 Demyelination.25
2.3.2 Inclusions.25
2.4 Ependyma.26
2.4.1 Atrophy.26
2.4.2 Discontinuity.26
2.4.3 Granulations.26
2.5 Microglia.27
2.5.1 Diffuse Microglial Activation
and Microglial Nodules.27
References.28
3 Requesting and Interpreting Pathological Tests.29
3.1 Neurosurgical Specimens.30
3.2 Muscle and Nerve Biopsies.31
3.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid.32
3.4 Skin Biopsies.33
3.5 Other Samples.33
4 Vascular Diseases.35
4.1 Vascular Anatomy.35
4.1.1 Arterial Supply.35
4.1.2 Venous Drainage.38
4.2 Diseases Affecting the Blood Vessels.38
4.2.1 Atherosclerosis.38
4.2.2 Small Vessel Disease.38
4.2.3 Amyloid Angiopathy.40
4.2.4 Hereditary Vascular Diseases.41
4.2.5 Vasculitides.43
4.2.6 Vascular Malformations.46
4.2.7 Aneurysms.47
4.3 Consequences of Cerebrovascular Diseases.50
4.3.1 Ischaemia and Infarction.50
4.3.2 Haemorrhage.54
References.55
5 Infections.57
5.1 Bacterial Infections.58
5.1.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis.58
5.1.2 Abscess.60
5.1.3 Chronic Bacterial Infections.62
5.2 Viral Infections.65
5.2.1 Aseptic Meningitis.65
5.2.2 Encephalitis or Encephalomyelitis.65
Contents xi
5.3 Fungal Infections.72
5.4 Parasitic Infections.72
5.4.1 Protozoal Infections.72
5.4.2 Metazoal/Helminthic Infections.76
5.5 Role of Brain Biopsy in Infectious Diseases.77
References.78
6 Tümours of Central Nervous System.79
6.1 Classification.79
6.2 Sending Specimens to the Laboratory.80
6.3 Gliomas.81
6.3.1 Astrocytic Tumours.81
6.3.2 Genetics of Gliomas.85
6.3.3 Non-astrocytic Gliomas.86
6.4 Neuronal Tumours With or Without Glial Features.89
6.4.1 Gangliocytoma and Ganglioglioma.89
6.4.2 Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumour.90
6.4.3 Central Neurocytoma.90
6.4.4 Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma/Ganglioglioma. . 91
6.4.5 Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum
(Lhermitte-Duclos Syndrome).91
6.5 Embryonal Tumours.92
6.5.1 Medulloblastoma.92
6.5.2 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour.93
6.5.3 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumour.93
6.6 Pineal Region Tumours.93
6.7 Choroid Plexus Tumours.93
6.8 Meningeal Tumours.94
6.8.1 Meningiomas.94
6.8.2 Other Tumours of the Meninges.95
6.9 Pituitary Region Tumours.96
6.10 Lymphomas.98
6.11 Tumours of the Peripheral Nerves.99
6.12 Other Tumours Affecting the CNS.101
References.102
7 Demyelinating Diseases.103
7.1 Multiple Sclerosis.103
7.1.1 Classic Multiple Sclerosis.104
7.1.2 Acute Multiple Sclerosis.105
7.1.3 Concentric Sclerosis.105
7.2 Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease).106
7.3 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.109
7.4 Acute Haemorrhagic Leukoencephalopathy.109
7.5 Trigeminal Neuralgia.110
References.Ill
xjj Contents
8 Epilepsy.
8.1 Rasmussen's Encephalitis.114
8.2 Focal Cortical Dysplasia.114
8.3 Hippocampal Sclerosis.115
8.4 Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).116
References.117
9 Muscle Diseases.119
9.1 Muscle Biopsy Technique.120
9.2 Laboratory Preparation.120
9.3 Normal Structure of Muscle.122
9.4 General Pathological Reactions.126
9.5 Muscular Dystrophies.128
9.5.1 Dystrophin-Related Muscular Dystrophies.128
9.5.2 Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies.130
9.5.3 Congenita] Muscular Dystrophies.132
9.5.4 Other Muscular Dystrophies.132
9.6 Congenital Myopathies.133
9.7 Myofibrillar Myopathies.137
9.8 Metabolic Myopathies.137
9.9 Inflammatory Muscle Disease.139
9.10 Toxic Myopathies.145
9.11 Neurogenic Disorders.145
References.146
10 Peripheral Nerve Diseases.147
10.1 Nerve Biopsy Technique.149
10.2 Laboratory Preparation.149
10.3 Normal Structure of Peripheral Nerve.150
10.4 General Pathological Reactions.150
10.5 Inflammatory Neuropathies.153
10.5.1 Guillain-Barre Syndrome.153
10.5.2 Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).153
10.5.3 Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Conduction
Block.153
10.5.4 Idiopathic Perineuritis.154
10.5.5 Sarcoidosis.154
10.5.6 Vasculitis.154
10.6 Neuropathies Associated with Infectious Disease.155
10.6.1 Leprosy.155
10.6.2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus.156
10.6.3 Lyme Disease.156
10.6.4 Diphtheria.156
10.7 Toxic Neuropathies.156
10.8 Metabolic and Nutritional Neuropathies.157
Contents xiii
10.8.1 Diabetes Mellitus.157
10.8.2 Uraemia.157
10.9 Neuropathies Associated with Paraprotein.157
10.10 Amyloid Neuropathies.159
10.11 Miscellaneous Neuropathies.161
10.11.1 Paraneoplastic Neuropathy.161
10.11.2 Critical Illness Neuromyopathy.161
10.11.3 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.161
10.12 Hereditary Neuropathies.161
10.13 Skin Biopsy in Small Fibre Neuropathies.163
References.165
11 Metabolic, Toxic and Nutritional Diseases.167
11.1 Metabolic Diseases.167
11.1.1 Hypoglycaemia.167
11.1.2 Electrolyte Imbalance.168
11.1.3 Hepatic Encephalopathy.171
11.1.4 Wilson's Disease.171
11.1.5 Uraemic Encephalopathy.172
11.1.6 Amino Acid Disorders.172
11.1.7 Urea Cycle Disorders.172
11.1.8 Porphyrias.173
11.1.9 Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Disorders.173
11.1.10 Mitochondrial Disorders.177
11.2 Toxic Disorders.177
11.2.1 Ethanol.177
11.3 Nutritional Deficiencies.178
References.182
12 Neurodegenerative Disorders.183
12.1 Dementia.185
12.1.1 Alzheimer's Disease.185
12.1.2 Dementia with Lewy Bodies.187
12.1.3 Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.188
12.1.4 Prion Diseases.191
12.2 Disorders Predominantly Affecting the Basal Ganglia.195
12.2.1 Huntington's Disease.196
12.2.2 Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation.196
12.2.3 Neuroacanthocytosis.196
12.3 Disorders Predominantly Affecting the Midbrain.197
12.3.1 Parkinson's Disease.197
12.3.2 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.199
12.3.3 Multiple System Atrophy.200
12.3.4 Corticobasal Degeneration.201
12.3.5 Other Disorders.201
xjv Contents
12.4 Cerebellar Degeneration.202
12.5 Motor Neuron Diseases.202
12.5.1 Motor Neuron Disease.202
12.5.2 X-Linked Bulbar Spinal Muscular Atrophy
(Kennedy's Disease).204
12.5.3 Spinal Muscular Atrophy.204
12.6 Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis.205
References.205
13 Trauma.207
13.1 Focal Injury.208
13.1.1 Scalp Injury.208
13.1.2 Skull Fractures.208
13.1.3 Brain Contusions and Lacerations.209
13.2 Traumatic Intracranial Haemorrhage.210
13.2.1 Extradural Haemorrhage.210
13.2.2 Subdural Haemorrhage.210
13.2.3 Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.211
13.2.4 Parenchymal Haemorrhage.211
13.2.5 Intraventricular Haemorrhage.211
13.3 Other Localised Injury.211
13.3.1 Focal Vascular Injury.211
13.3.2 Pituitary Gland Infarction.212
13.3.3 Brain Stem Avulsion.212
13.3.4 Cranial Nerve Avulsion.212
13.4 Diffuse Brain Injury.213
13.4.1 Diffuse Axonal Injury.213
13.4.2 Diffuse Vascular Injury.213
13.4.3 Brain Swelling and Ischaemia.213
13.4.4 Fat Embolism.215
13.5 Missile Head Injury.217
13.6 Inflicted Head Injury in Childhood.217
13.7 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.217
13.8 Spinal Cord Injury.218
References.218
14 Paediatric Diseases.219
14.1 Congenital Malformations.219
14.1.1 Neural Tube Defects.220
14.1.2 Chiari Malformations.221
14.1.3 Disorders of Forebrain Induction.221
14.1.4 Neuronal Migration Disorders.223
14.1.5 Encephaloclastic Defects.226
14.1.6 Microcephaly, Megalencephaly,
Hemi-megalencephaly.227
14.1.7 Cerebellar, Brainstem and Spinal Cord
Malformations.227
Contents xv
14.2 Hydrocephalus.229
14.3 Perinatal Diseases.229
14.3.1 Hypoxic-Ischaemic Neuronal Injury.229
14.3.2 White Matter Lesions.230
14.3.3 Cerebral Haemorrhages.231
14.3.4 Hypoglycemia.231
14.3.5 Kernicterus.232
14.3.6 Infections.232
14.3.7 Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases.232
References.233
15 Autopsies.235
References.236
Appendix 1. Suggested Reading.239
Index.241 |
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spelling | Hilton, David A. Verfasser (DE-588)1076986234 aut Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists David A. Hilton ; Aditya G. Shivane Cham [u.a.] Springer 2015 XV, 247 S. zahlr. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier MNN ; BIC Subject Heading neuropathology neuropathological disorder clinico-pathologic correlation basic neuropathology Interpret neuropathological test Shivane, Aditya G. Verfasser (DE-588)1076986277 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-319-14605-8 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=5096107&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext http://digitool.hbz-nrw.de:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6087010&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Neuropathology simplified Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028322091&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Hilton, David A. Shivane, Aditya G. Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
title | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
title_auth | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
title_exact_search | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
title_full | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists David A. Hilton ; Aditya G. Shivane |
title_fullStr | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists David A. Hilton ; Aditya G. Shivane |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists David A. Hilton ; Aditya G. Shivane |
title_short | Neuropathology simplified |
title_sort | neuropathology simplified a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
title_sub | a guide for clinicians and neuroscientists |
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