Verfügbarkeit: International sales law

International sales law: contract, principles & practice

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Weitere Verfasser:	DiMatteo, Larry A. 1957- (HerausgeberIn), Janssen, A. U. 1972- (HerausgeberIn), Magnus, Ulrich 1944- (HerausgeberIn), Schulze, Reiner 1948- (HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	München C.H. Beck 2016 Oxford Hart Baden-Baden Nomos
Ausgabe:	First edition
Schlagworte:	Internationales Kaufrecht Sales law Kaufrecht Lehrbuch Konferenzschrift > 27.09.2013-28.09.2013
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	LV, 1085 Seiten
ISBN:	9783406692314 9783848721993 9781509905652 3848721996

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245	1	0	\|a International sales law \|b contract, principles & practice \|c edited by Prof. Dr. Larry A. DiMatteo, Prof. Dr. André Janssen, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Magnus, Prof. Dr. Reiner Schulze
250			\|a First edition
264		1	\|a München \|b C.H. Beck \|c 2016
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300			\|a LV, 1085 Seiten
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700	1		\|a DiMatteo, Larry A. \|d 1957- \|0 (DE-588)129274801 \|4 edt
700	1		\|a Janssen, A. U. \|d 1972- \|0 (DE-588)1024720098 \|4 edt
700	1		\|a Magnus, Ulrich \|d 1944- \|0 (DE-588)12368398X \|4 edt
700	1		\|a Schulze, Reiner \|d 1948- \|0 (DE-588)129411655 \|4 edt
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804175019002036224
adam_text	SUMMARY OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................ V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................. XLI ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ XLVII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 LARRY A. DTMATTEO, ANDRE JANSSEN, ULRICH MAGNUS AND REINER SCKLZE CHAPTER 2: LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION ISSUES .................................... 21 CLAIRE M. GERMAIN CHAPTER 3: PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL LAW .................... 39 RAFAEL ILLESCAS ORTIZ CHAPTER 4: PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN THE COMMON LAW 57 LARRY A. DIMATTEO CHAPTER 5: SCOPE OF CISG .................................................................... 91 SIEG EISELEN CHAPTER 6: JURISDICTION ........................................................................ 119 SIEG EISELEN CHAPTER 7: CONTRACTUAL FORMALITIES ................................................... 181 SIEG EISELEN C HAPTERS FORMATION OF CONTRACT ...................................................... 203 REINER SCHULZE CHAPTER 9: INCORPORATION OF STANDARD TERMS .................................... 243 ULRICH MAGNUS CHAPTER 10: TRADE TERMS AND INCOTERMS 267 ULRICH MAGNUS AND BURGHARD PILTZ CHAPTER 11* VALIDITY OF CONTRACT TERMS ............................................... 285 EDOARDO FERRANTE CHAPTER 12: DELIVERY OF GOODS .............................................................. 313 SORREN KIENE CHAPTER 13: DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS ...................................................... 341 CHRISTIAN FLEXSCHMANN AND MARTIN SCHMIDT-KESSEL CHAPTER 14: CONFORMITY OF GOODS.......................................................... 379 B R I O ZELLER CHAPTER 15: SALES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 405 WENTONG ZHENG CHAPTER 16: EXAMINATION AND NOTICE OF NON-CONFORMITY 429 ANDRE JANSSEN CHAPTER 17: PERFORMANCE AND BREACH OF CONTRACT 467 ULRICH MAGNUS CHAPTER 18: ANTICIPATORY BREACH ........................................................... 499 QIAO LIU CHAPTER 19: REMEDIES AND DAMAGES ..................................................... 529 MICHAEL BRIDGE CHAPTER 20: AVOIDANCE OF CONTRACT ....................................................... 587 HARRY M. FLECHTNER CHAPTER 21: RISK OF LOSS ......................................................................... 635 MICHAEL BRIDGE CHAPTER 22: EXCUSE: IMPOSSIBILITY AND HARDSHIP ................................ 665 LARRY A. DIMATTEO CHAPTER 23: CONTRACT INTERPRETATION ..................................................... 713 LISA SPAGNOLO CHAPTER 24: PRODUCTS LIABILITY .............................................................. 783 MICHEL CANNARSA CHAPTER 25: ASSIGNMENT, DELEGATION AND THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS ........... 813 N.ORKUN AKSELI CHAPTER 26* DEFENSES .............................................................................. 855 WILLIBALD POSCH CHAPTER 27: AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 897 SEVERINE SAINTIER CHAPTER 28* LONG-TERM CONTRACTS INSTALLMENT AND SUPP^^ CONTRACTS ............................................................................. 949 GIUDITTA CORDERO-MOSS AND LARRY A. DIMATTEO CHAPTER 29: POST-CONTRACT: CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS & RIGHTS 979 LARRY A. DIMATTEO CHAPTER 30: CHOICE OF LAW ....................................................................... 1025 PETRA BUTLER INDEX.............................................................................................................. 1065 CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................ V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................. XLI ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ XLVII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 1 LARRY A. DIMATTEO, ANDRE JANSSEN. ULRICH MAGNUS AND REINER SCHULZE A. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL SALES LAW?........................................................... 1 B. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL SALES LAW: WHY THE CISG? ......................... 2 C. COMMERCIAL PRACTICE * BUSINESS CUSTOM AND TRADE USAGE 4 D. AMBIGUITIES AND GAPS............................................................................ 6 E. RESTATEMENT APPROACH........................................................................... 8 F. INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONAL LAWYERING................................................... 10 G DRAFTING APPROACH.................................................................................. 11 H THE SALES CONTRACT.................................................................................. 13 I. ELECTRONIC CONTRACTING............................................................................ 14 J. TREATISES COVERAGE................................................................................. 16 K. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 2: LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION ISSUES ...................................... 21 CLAIRE M. GERMAIN PART 1: THE LANGUAGE OF THE CONTRACT................................................... 21 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 21 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 22 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 22 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 23 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 23 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 23 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS 23 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 23 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 24 V. NATIONAL L AW S............................................................................ 24 VI CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 25 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 25 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 28 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 29 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 30 PART 2: LAW WRITTEN IN MULTIPLE LANGUAGES ........................................ 30 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 30 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 30 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 31 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 32 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 32 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 32 II. UN VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES 32 III TREATY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.................................................... 33 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 34 G. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 37 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 3: PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL LAW 39 RAFAEL ILLESCAS ORTIZ PART 1: PRE-CONTRACTUAL CONDUCT AND PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY .. 40 A TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 40 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 40 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 41 D. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 42 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 42 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 42 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 43 IV. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 43 V. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 43 VI. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 43 VTT CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 44 E. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 44 I. PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY UNDER CISG ....................................... 44 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 46 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 47 IV. NATIONAL LEGAL REGIMES ............................................................. 48 F. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 51 G. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 51 PART 2: PRE-CONTRACTUAL INSTRUM ENTS ..................................................... 51 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 51 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 51 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 52 D SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 53 I. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 53 II. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 53 III. ITALIAN CODICE CIVILE................................................................... 53 IV. SWISS OBLIGATIONENRECHT ............................................................. 53 V. THE INTERPRETATION OFTHE SUPREME PEOPLE S COURT ON ISSUES CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF LAW FOR THE TRIAL OF CASES OF DISPUTES OVER SALES CONTRACTS IN CHINESE CONTRACT LAW .......... 53 E. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 53 1 PRE-CONTRACTUALLNST^ENTSEQU^^ CONTRACT....................................................................................... 53 II. PRE-CONTRACTUAL INSTMMENTS NOT FULLY EQUIVALENT TO THE FINAL SALES CONTRACT.............................................................................. 54 III. OPTIONS........................................................................................ 55 IV. PRE-CONTRACTUAL INSTRUMENTS NOT INCLUDING AN EFFECTIVE INTENTION CONCERNING A INAL CONTRACT ....................................... 55 F. CROSS REFERENCES .................................................................................... 56 G. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 56 CHAPTER 4: PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN THE COMMON LAW............... 57 LARRY A. DIMATTEO A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 57 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 59 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 60 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 60 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 61 I. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ....................................... 61 II. COMMON LAW OF CONTRACTS........................................................ 62 III. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 62 IV. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 62 V. TRADE SECRETS LAW ...................................................................... 62 VI. AMERICAN UNIFORM TRADE SECRETS A C T ...................................... 63 VII. ^ ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 63 VIII CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 63 IX. CHINESE ANTI-UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW ...................................... 63 X. INTERPRETATION II OF THE SUPREME PEOPLES COURT OF SEVERAL ISSUES CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CHINESE CONTRACT LAW 63 XI INTERNATIONAL TRADE USAGE........................................................... 64 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 64 I. GOOD FAITH IN NEGOTIATIONS ....................................................... 64 II. PRE-CONTRACTUAL INSTRUMENTS ...................................................... 70 III. MISREPRESENTATION AND THE DUTY TO DISCLOSE ........................... 81 IV. BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY........................................................... 82 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 85 CASE OF PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL ................................................................. 85 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 86 1 PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES .................................................... 87 I. GOOD COMMERCIAI PRACTICE ....................................................... 87 II. BENEFITS AND FUNCTIONS OF A WELL-STRUCTURED PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT.................................................................................. 87 III. SAMPLE CLAUSES.......................................................................... 88 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 89 CHAPTER 5: SCOPE OF C IS G ..................................................................... 91 SIEG EISELEN A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 92 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 92 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 94 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 94 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 95 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 95 II. CISG ADVISORY COUNCIL OPINIONS............................................ 96 III. INCOTEM S.................................................................................... 97 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 97 V. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 97 VI. ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 98 VII. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH AND HANDELSGESETZBUCH....... 99 VIII. FRENCH CODE C IVIL... .................*** * ..**. 99 IX. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 100 X. AMERICAN UNIIORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 100 XI. ENGLISH SALES LAW ...................................................................... 101 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 102 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 102 I. CISGS CHOICE OF LAW RULES ..................................................... 102 II. DEFINING SALE OF GOODS .............................................................. 103 III. MIXED SALES................................................................................. 105 IV. ISSUES OF VALIDITY......................................................................... 105 V. PERSONAL INJURY........................................................................... 106 VI. DEROGATION FROM CISG................................................................ 106 VII. CISG AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL LAW INSTRUMENTS 107 VIII. CISG AND INCOTEM S.................................................................. 109 IX. CISG AND NATIONAL LAWS........................................................... 110 G. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 115 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS......................................................................... 115 II. MODEL CLAUSES........................................................................... 115 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 117 CHAPTER 6 JURISDICTION.......................................................................... 119 SIEG EISELEN A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 121 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 121 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 123 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 125 E. REGIONAL REGIMES................................................................................... 126 PART 1: DOMICILE * RESIDENCE OR PLACE OF BUSINESS OF THE DEFENDANT.. 128 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 128 II. SAMPLING OF LAW S...................................................................... 128 III. COMMENTS.................................................................................. 136 PART 2: AGREEMENT AND SUBMISSION ....................................................... 142 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 142 II. SAMPLING OF LAW S ..................................................................... 142 III COMMENTS................................................................................... 147 PART 3: WHERE THE CAUSE OF ACTION A ROSE ............................................. 150 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 150 II. SAMPLING OF LAW S....................................................................... 150 III. COMMENTS.................................................................................. 153 PART 4: EXCLUSION OF JURISDICTION............................................................ 159 !.INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 159 II. SAMPLING OF LAW S ...................................................................... 160 III. COMMENTS................................................................................... 169 F. ILLUSTRATIONS............................................................................................. 175 1 EXAMPLE 1 ................................................................................... 175 II. EXAMPLE 2 .................................................................................. 176 G CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 177 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 177 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 178 CHAPTER 7: CONTRACTUAL FORM ALITIES ..................................................... 181 SIEG IIISELEN A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 181 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 182 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 184 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 184 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 185 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 185 II. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS ........................... 185 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ......................................... 186 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 186 V. * ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 186 VI. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 186 VII. FRENCH CODE CIVIL ..................................................................... 187 VIII. SPANISHCDIGOCIVIL................................................................. 187 IX. UNITED STATES .............................................................................. 188 X. ENGLISH SALES LAW ...................................................................... 189 XI. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 189 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 190 I. CISG FORMALITIES ...................................................................... 190 II. CISG AND UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS......................................................................... 191 III. MODIFICATION OF CONTRACTS........................................................... 192 IV. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE FOMALITIES ..................................... 196 V. OTHER ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LAWS AND CONVENTIONS.. .. .. 197 G. ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 199 H CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 200 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES..................................................... 200 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS......................................................................... 200 II. MODEL CLAUSES........................................................................... 201 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 201 CHAPTER 8: FORMATION OF CO N TRACT ....................................................... 203 REINER SCHULZE A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 204 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 204 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 204 D INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTIONS .............................................................. 205 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 206 I. CISG........................................................................................... 206 II. ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 207 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 208 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 209 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 211 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ...................................................................... 212 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 212 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 212 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1 9 7 9 . 2 1 3 .... ....* .* * ......* * X. ENGLISH COMMON L AW ................................................................ 213 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 216 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 219 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 220 I. AGREEMENT................................................................................. 220 II. O FFES.......................................................................................... 228 III ACCEPTANCE.................................................................................. 231 IV. SPECIFIC FORMS OF CONCLUSIONS OF CONTRACT 236 G. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 239 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS...................................................................................... 240 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 241 CHAPTER 9: INCORPORATION OF STANDARD T ERM S ..................................... 243 ULRICH MAGNUS A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 244 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 245 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 245 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 246 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS AND COMMENTARY ...................................................... 246 I. CISG 246 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTEMATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 249 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 251 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 252 V. GERMAN LAW............................................................................... 255 VI. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CO D E ...................................... 258 VII. ENGLISH L AW .............................................................................. 260 VIII. FRENCH L AW ................................................................................ 261 IX. SPANISH LAW................................................................................ 262 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 263 XI. COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS.......................................................... 264 F. ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 265 G. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 265 I. BATTLE OF F O M S .......................................................................... 265 II. MERGER CLAUSES.......................................................................... 266 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 266 T ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 266 CHAPTER 10 * TRADE TERMS AND INCOTERMS 267 ULRICH M A G IS AND BURGHARD PILTZ A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 268 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 268 C. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE INCOTERMS ............................................................... 268 D. THE NATURE OF THE INCOTERMS................................................................... 269 E. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH INCOTEM ....................................................... 269 1 IN GENERAL................................................................................... 269 II. E X W -E X WORKS ...................................................................... 271 III. FCA - FREE CARRIER ..................................................................... 271 IV. C P T -C ARRIAGEPAIDT O ............................................................. 271 V. CIP - CA^IAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO ........................................ 271 VI. DAT - DELIVERED AT TERMINAL.................................................... 271 VTT DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE........................................................... 272 VIII. DDP - DELIVERED DUTY PAID ...................................................... 272 IX. FAS - FREE ALONGSIDE S H IP ...................................................... 272 * FOB - FREE ON BOARD.................................................................. 272 XI. CFR - COST AND FREIGNT ............................................................. 273 XII. CIF-C OST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT ............................................. 273 F. IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2010 INCOTERMS.................. 273 I. NEW ORDER AND EXTENDED INSTRUCTIONS ...................................... 273 II. REDUCTION OF NUMBER OF CLAUSES .............................................. 274 III. CHANGES IN SUBSTANCE................................................................ 274 G. COVERAGE OF THE INCOTERMS ..................................................................... 276 1 IN GENERAL................................................................................... 276 II. PLACEOFDELIVERYZPASSAGEOFRSK............................................ 276 III. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PERFORMANCE ASPECTS.................................... 276 IV. RESPONSIBILITY FOR COSTS ............................................................. 277 H. APPLICATION OF THE INCOTEM S.................................................................. 277 I. EXPRESS REFERENCE IN CONTRACT.................................................. 277 II. INDIRECT REFERENCE IN CONTRACT.................................................. 278 III APPLICATION AS TRADE USAGE? ...................................................... 279 IV. CONSEQUENCES OF INCORPORATION................................................. 280 V. INTERPRETATION............................................................................... 280 VI. RELATIONSHIP TO CISG................................................................. 280 VII. INCONSISTENT CONTRACT TERMS ...................................................... 281 I. SIMILAR TRADE TERMS................................................................................ 281 J. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 282 K. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 282 I. CORRECT INCORPORATION................................................................. 282 II. DEROGATION FROM CERTAIN INCOTERMS ASPECTS 282 III. BEST INCOTEM FOR OUTSOURCING* ................................................. 283 IV. WRONG COMBINATIONS.................................................................. 283 V. TIME OF ESSENCE?........................................................................ 284 L. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 284 CHAPTER 11: VALIDITY OF CONTRACT T ERM S ................................................ 285 EDOARDO FERRANTE A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 285 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 286 I. GENERAL ISSUES ON CONTRACTUAL VALIDITY ...................................... 286 II. DIFFERENT GROUNDS FOR AND DEGREES OF INVALIDITY .......... 287 III. MANDATORY RULES AND OPEN SPACES FOR PARTY AUTONOMY 289 IV. THE CONSEQUENCES OF INVALIDITY: FROM THE BLACK HOLE TO THE 0 OR NO-CONSEQUENCE............................................................ 290 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 292 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 292 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 293 I. CISG........................................................................................... 293 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 298 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 301 IV. DRAFT COMMON FRAME OFREFERENCE AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT L A W ............................................................. 303 V. NATIONAL L AW S............................................................................ 306 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 306 G. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 307 I. BALANCED CONTRACTOL RELATIONSHIP^ ........................................ 308 II. UNBALANCED CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS..................................... 309 H. SAMPLE CLAUSES....................................................................................... 310 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 311 CHAPTER 12** DELIVERY OF GOODS ............................................................... 313 SORRENKIENE PART 1: PLACE AND MANNER OF DELIVERY................................................... 314 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 314 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 314 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 314 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 315 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 315 I. CLSG .......................................................................................... 315 II. TWIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 321 III COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 321 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTACT LAW ........................................ 322 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 323 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 323 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 324 VIII. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 325 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 326 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 326 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 328 G. ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 328 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 329 1 PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 329 J. SAMPLE CLAUSES....................................................................................... 331 K. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 331 PART 2: TIME OF DELIVERY.......................................................................... 331 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 331 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 331 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 332 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 332 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 332 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 332 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 333 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 333 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 334 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 334 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 335 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 335 VIII. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1 9 7 9 . 3 3 5 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 336 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 336 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 337 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 337 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 337 I. SAMPLE CLAUSES....................................................................................... 338 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 339 CHAPTER 13: DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS ....................................................... 341 CHRISTIAN FLEISCHMANN AND MARTIN SCHMIDT-KESSEL A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 343 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 343 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 343 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION ............................................................ 343 I. TYPICAL RSKS IN INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION AND THEIR DIFFIISION THROUGH THE DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS 344 II. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS IN AN INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION................................................... 345 III TYPES OF DOCUMENTS................................................................... 345 IV. DELIVERY OFDOCUMENTS IN ORDER TO FULFILL THE SELLERS OBLIGATIONS UNDER A CONTRACT FOR THE SALE OF GOODS................. 347 V. DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS IN ORDER TO ALLOW FOR PAYMENT UNDER A CONTRACT FOR THE SALE OF GOODS................................................... 349 VI. NON-CONFOMITYOFTHE DELIVERED DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTARY BREACH......................................................................................... 355 VII. EXAMPLES FOR DOCUMENTS WITH RELEVANCE IN INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTIONS................................................................................ 358 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 362 I. CISG AND CISG ADVISORY COUNCIL OPINIONS........ 362 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 362 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 363 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 363 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 363 VI. FRENCH CODE CIVIL ..................................................................... 364 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 364 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 364 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 ............ 366 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW AND CHINESE SUPREME COURT INTERPRETATIONS RELATING TO SALES LAW ........................................ 366 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 366 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 366 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAI CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 370 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 371 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 371 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH AND SUPPLEMENTARY LAWS .... 373 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL..................................................................... 373 VII SPANISHCDIGOCIVIL.................................................................. 374 VIII UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GO D S ACT 1979 374 IX. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 375 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 375 G. ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 376 H. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 376 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 377 I. RESOLVING ISSUES UNDER DOCUMENTARY CREDITS......................... 377 II. ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS ............................................. 377 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 378 CHAPTER 14: CONFORMITY OF GOODS........................................................... 379 B R I O ZELLER A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 379 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 380 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 380 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION................................................................ 381 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 382 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 382 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 382 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW .......................................... 382 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 383 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 383 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 384 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 384 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 385 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 ............. 386 X. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 387 XI. CHINESE CONTACT LAW................................................................ 387 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 388 I. SUMMARY OF LAW S ..................................................................... 388 II. CONFOMITY OF GOODS................................................................. 392 III. IMPLIED CONFORMITY OF GOODS................................................... 395 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 400 I. CONFOMITY OF DESCRIPTION.......................................................... 400 II. CONFOMITY AND PUBLIC POLICIES................................................. 400 III. CONFORMITY AND THE GOVERNING LAW.......................................... 401 H CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 401 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES .................................................... 401 I. CHOICE OF LAW ........................................................................... 401 II. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES........................................................... 402 III DISCLAIMING WARRANTY OF ORDINARY PURPOSE.................... 403 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 403 CHAPTER 15: SALES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ........... 405 WENTONG ZHENG A. THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS AND CLAIMS BASED ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY............ 406 I. TOPICS COVERED.......................................................................... 406 II. INTRODUCTORY NOTE........................................................................ 406 III. STATEMENT OF ISSUE ...................................................................... 407 IV. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION................................................... 407 V. SAMPLING OF LAW S ...................................................................... 407 VI. COMMENTARY............................................................................... 410 VII. ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................ 410 VIII. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY 411 IX. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES........................................ 412 B. WA^ANTY OF TITLE.................................................................................... 412 I. TOPICS COVERED........................................................................... 412 II. INTRODUCTORY NOTE....................................................................... 412 III. STATEMENT OF ISSUE ...................................................................... 412 IV. SAMPLING OF LAW S ...................................................................... 413 V. COMMENTARY................................................................................ 414 VI ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................ 414 VII. C ROS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY......................... 415 VIII. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES........................................ 415 C. TERRITORIAL LIMITATIONS ON SELLERS OBLIGATION ....................................... 415 I. TOPICS COVERED .......................................................................... 415 II. INTRODUCTORY NOTE....................................................................... 416 III STATEMENT OF ISSUE...................................................................... 416 IV. INTERNATIONAL SALE TRANSACTION ................................................... 416 V SAMPLING OF LAW S...................................................................... 416 VI COMMENTARY............................................................................... 418 VII. ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................ 418 VIII. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY......................... 419 IX. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES........................................ 419 D. LIMITATIONS ON SELLERS OBLIGATION: SELLERS KNOWLEDGE ..................... 419 I. TOPICS COVERED.......................................................................... 419 II. INTRODUCTORY NOTE....................................................................... 420 III. STATEMENT OF ISSUE ...................................................................... 420 IV. SAMPLING OF LAW S ...................................................................... 420 V. COMMENTARY................................................................................ 422 VI. ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................ 422 VII. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY......................... 422 VIII. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ....................................... 423 E. LIMITATIONS ON SELLERS OBLIGATION: BUYERS KNOWLEDGE..................... 423 I. TOPICS COVERED.......................................................................... 423 II. INTRODUCTORY NOTE....................................................................... 423 III. STATEMENT OF ISSUE ...................................................................... 424 IV. SAMPLING OF LAW S ...................................................................... 424 V COMMENTARY................................................................................ 425 VT ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................. 426 VII. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY .......... 426 VIII. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ....................................... 426 F. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 427 CHAPTER 16: EXAMINATION AND NOTICE OF NON-CONFORMITY ................. 429 ANDRE JANSSEN A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 430 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 431 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 432 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 433 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 434 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 434 II. CISG ADVISORY COUNCIL OPINION NO. 1 ................................. 434 III CISG ADVISORY COUNCIL OPINION NO. 2 . 435 IV. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OFLNTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS AND PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW .................................. 435 V. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ............................................. 436 VI. GERMAN HANDELSGESETZBUCH ................................................. 436 VII. FRENCH CODE C IVIL................................................................ 437 VIII. SPANISH CODIGO DE COMERCIO............................................... 437 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE.................................. 438 X. ENGLISH L AW .......................................................................... 438 XI. C 0 _ 0 N LAW OF CONTRACTS AND THE AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) CONTRACTS................................................................ 439 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW .......................................................... 439 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 440 I. DUTY TO EXAMINE .................................................................. 440 II. DUTY TO N OTIFY...................................................................... 446 III SELLER S A C E L OR CONSTRUCTIVE K W LE D G E OF LACK OF CONFORMITY UNDER ARTICLE 40 CISG ...................................... 455 IV. REASONABLE EXCUSE OF THE BUYER UNDER ARTICLE 44 CISG.......... 457 V. C UTOFF PERIOD UNDER ARTICLE 39(2) CISG ............................... 459 G. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 461 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 461 I. MODIFICATIONS OF THE DUTY TO EXAMINE ................................. 463 II. MODIFICATIONS OF THE DUTY TO NOTIFY .................................... 463 III. AVOIDANCE OF THE REASONABLE EXCUSE PROBLEM 464 IV. AVOIDING THE SELLERS STATEMENTS BEING INTEIPRETED AS WAIVERS........................................................................................ 464 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 464 CHAPTER 17: PERFORMANCE AND BREACH OF CONTRACT...... .. 467 ULRICH MAGNUS A. TOPICS COVERED AND INTRODUCTORY N O TE ................................................. 469 B. SAMPLING OF LAWS AND COMMENTARY ...................................................... 469 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS..................................................................................... 473 III. PRINCIPIES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 476 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 479 V GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 482 VI. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 485 VII. ENGLISH L AW .............................................................................. 487 VIII. FRENCH CODE C IVIL..................................................................... 489 IX. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 491 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 493 XI COMPARATIVE CONCLUSIONS.......................................................... 496 C. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 498 D. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 498 E. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 498 CHAPTER 18* ANTICIPATORY BREACH............................................................ 499 QIAO LIU PARTI: ANTICIPATORY BREACH WARRANTING SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE................................................................................ 500 A. TOPICS COVERED ...................................................................................... 500 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 501 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 502 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 502 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 502 I. CISG........................................................................................... 502 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS..................................................................................... 503 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ....................................... 503 IV COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 503 V. GEMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................... 504 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 504 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 504 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CO D E ....................................... 504 IX. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 505 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 505 I. THE TEST OF ANTICIPATORY BREACH ............................................... 505 II. STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT .................................................................... 508 III. SUSPENSION * NOTICE AND ADEQUATE ASSURANCE 509 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 511 I. DEFECTIVE DELIVERY TO O THERS.................................................... 511 II. SUCCESSIVE CONTRACTS................................................................. 512 H CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 512 I. CROSS REFERENCES........................................................................ 512 II. PRACTITIONER TIPS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................... 513 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES ................................................................................ 513 PART 2: ANTICIPATORY BREACH W ARRANTING AVOIDANCE OF CONTRACT 514 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 514 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 514 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 515 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 516 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 516 I. CISG........................................................................................... 516 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTACTS ..................................................................................... 516 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN SALES L A W ............................................. 516 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 516 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 517 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 517 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 517 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 517 IX. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 518 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 518 I. THE TEST OF ANTICIPATORY BREACH ............................................... 518 II. DUTY TO GIVE NOTICE AND ADEQUATE ASSURANCE 522 III. REMEDIES FOLLOWING AVOIDANCE................................................. 523 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 524 I. TIME OF THE ESSENCE................................................................... 524 II. DELAYED LOADING......................................................................... 525 III. COVER AND DAMAGES................................................................... 525 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 526 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 526 T ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 527 CHAPTER 19: REMEDIES AND DAMAGES ...................................................... 529 MICHAEL BRIDGE A TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 530 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 531 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 531 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 532 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 532 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 532 II. ^^IDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAI CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 535 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 536 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 536 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 536 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................................................................................................................* 537 VII. SPANISH CDIGO CIVIL ................................................................ 537 VIII. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 538 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 539 X. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 539 XI. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 539 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 540 I. DAMAGES: INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 540 II. COMPENSATION PRINCIPLE............................................................ 541 III. INTERESTS PROTECTED BY A DAMAGES AWARD ................................. 542 IV FORESEEABILITY............................................................................ 544 V. ESTABLISHING L 0 SS * UNDER ARTICLE 74 CISG 549 VI. SUBSTITUTE TRANSACTIONS ............................................................. 558 VII. COMENT PRICE............................................................................. 561 VIII PENALTIES AND AGREED DAMAGES ................................................ 566 IX. MITIGATION.................................................................................. 568 X. CURRENCY.................................................................................... 574 XI. INTEREST ...................................................................................... 574 XII. REQUIRING PERFOM ANCE............................................................. 580 XIII. PRICE REDUCTION......................................................................... 584 G CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 586 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES............................................................................... 586 CHAPTER 20 * AVOIDANCE OF CONTRACT......................................................... 587 HARRY M. FLECHTNER A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 587 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 589 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 590 I. NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF AVOIDANCE .................................. 590 II GROUNDS FOR AVOIDANCE .............................................................. 590 III PROCEDURE FOR AVOIDANCE............................................................ 590 IV. RESTITUTION FOLLOWING AVOIDANCE ............................................... 591 V. GENERAL COMMENTS ON CISGAVOIDAN^^ UNDER OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND LAW .............................................. 591 D. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 591 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 591 II. * ID R O IT P RIN IP LES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 593 III PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 593 IV COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 593 V. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 595 E. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 596 I. NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF AVOIDANCE ........................ 596 II. GROUNDS FOR AVOIDANCE ................................................... 604 III. PROCEDURE TO AVOID .......................................................... 611 IV RESTITUTION FOLLOWING AVOIDANCE .................................... 615 V. GENERAL COMMENTS ON CISGAVOIDN^ UNDER OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND LAW .............................................. 620 F. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 621 I. PARTIAL NON-PAYMENT AND REPUDIATION BY BUYER, DIVSIBIE INSTALLMENT CONTRACT ......................................................... 621 II. PARTIAL NON-PAYMENT AND NO REPUDIATION BY BUYER, DIVISIBLE INSTALLMENT CONTRACT......................................................... 622 III. SINGLE DELIVERY CONTRACT, ALL GOODS NON-CONFORMING..... 622 IV. SINGLE-DELIVERY CONTRACT, SOME GOODS NON-CONFORMING .... 625 V. PARTIAL REPUDIATION BY BUYER ..................................................... 628 G CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 630 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ................................................... 630 I. MODEI CONTRACT CLAUSE: GROUNDS FOR AVOIDANCE BY SELLER .. 631 II. MODEL CONTRACT CLAUSE: GROUNDS FOR AVOIDANCE BY BUYER .. 631 III MODEL CONTRACT CLAUSE: A V O ID S PERFORMANCE...................................................................... 632 IV. MODEL CONTRACT CLAUSE: RESTITUTION AND PRESERVATION 01 GOODS FOLLOWING AVOIDANCE.................................................................. 633 V. SELLERS NOTICE OF AVOIDANCE (ENTIRE CONTRACT) 633 VI. BUYERS NOTICE OF AVOIDANCE (ENTIRE CONTRACT) 634 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES ................................................................................ 634 CHAPTER 21: RISK OF LOSS.......................................................................... 635 MICHAEL BRIDGE A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 636 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 636 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 636 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 636 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 637 I . * 0 .*. . . *. . . * . . . _ . . . . . . 637 II COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 638 III. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 638 IV. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ...................................................................... 639 V SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 639 VI. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAI CODE ...................................... 639 VII. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 ........ ...................... 641 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 641 I. MEANING OF TRANSFER OF RISK ...................................................... 641 II. ALLOCATION OFRISK TO THE SELLER ................................................ 643 III. RISK EVENTS................................................................................. 644 IV. SELLERS OBLIGATIONS AND RISK ..................................................... 645 V. RISK TRANSFER IN THE C ISG .......................................................... 647 G. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 664 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 664 ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 664 CHAPTER 22: EXCUSE: IMPOSSIBILITY AND H ARDSHIP ................................. 665 LARRY A. DIMATTEO A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 666 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 667 C. STATEMENT 01 ISSUES................................................................................. 671 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 671 CHAIN OF TRANSACTIONS ............................................................................ 672 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 673 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 673 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 680 III. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 681 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 682 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 683 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL...................................................................... 684 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL ................................................................. 685 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CO D E ...................................... 686 IX. ENGLISH SALES LAW ...................................................................... 687 X. COMMON LAW OF CONTRACTS......................................................... 688 XI AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 689 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 690 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 691 I. EXCUSE-HARDSHIP DSTINCTION .................................................... 691 II. HARDSHIP PROVISION..................................................................... 693 III. COMMON EXCUSE SCENARIOS ....................................................... 696 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 698 I. JUST_IN-TIME CONTRACTING ........................................................... 698 II. STRIKE OR QUARANTINE .................................................................. 698 III GOODS IN RECEIVERSHIP............................................................... 699 IV. CHANGED CIRCUMSTANCES BEFORE OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE 699 V SUEZ CANAL CLOSURE ................................................................... 699 VI. GOVERNMENT PEMISSION OR INTERVENTION ................................... 700 VII. LONG-TERM AND RELATIONAL CONTRACTS: SUPPLY CONTRACTS AND DISTRIBUTORSHIPS.......................................................................... 701 VIII. HARDSHIP IN ARBITRATION ............................................................. 701 IX. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CISG ARTICLE 79 AND ARTICLE 6 . . . . . . * .. * .. * .. 702 X. IS FORCE MAJEURE NARROWER IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT?......... 702 XI. RELATED PROVISIONS OF CONTRACT TERMS ...................................... 702 XII. LONG-TERM CONTRACTING ............................................................. 703 XIII. FORCE MAJEURE RELATING TO NON_PERFORMANCE OR PARTIAL PERFORMANCE VERSUS DELAYED PERFOMANCE ................................ 703 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 704 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 704 I. DRAFTING OF CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 704 II. FORCE MAJEURE CLAUSE................................................................ 705 III. MOVING BEYOND THE STANDARD FORCE MAJEURE CLAUSE 705 IV. HARDSHIP CLAUSE.......................................................................... 708 V. RELATED CLAUSES.......................................................................... 709 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 711 CHAPTER 23: CONTRACT INTERPRETATION ...................................................... 713 LISA SPAGNOLO PART 1: CONTRACT INTERPRETATION ............................................................. 715 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 715 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 715 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 716 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION............................................................... 717 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 717 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 717 II. CISG ADVISORY COUNCIL OPINIONS ............................................ 718 III. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 718 IV. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 720 V. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 721 VI GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 722 VTT FRENCH CODE C I V I L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 VIII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 723 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 724 X. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 725 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS ........................ 725 XII CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................. 726 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 727 I. STANDARD OF INTENT....................................................................... 728 II. PARTY CONTROL OVER RULES OF IN TE ^ ................................ 734 III. DESCRIPTION OF DEFAULT RULES, PRINCIPLES & PRESUMPTIONS ........ 737 IV. STAGES OF INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION AIDS: EVIDENCE OF INTENT........................................................................................... 748 V. SUPPLEMENTATION......................................................................... 759 VI. CRITIQUE OF STRUCTURES USED IN UNIFORM LAWS 760 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 761 I. MEANING AND LEGAL EFFECT; VALIDITY AND INVALIDITY 761 II. TRADE USAGE VERSUS LITERAL MEANING ........................................ 761 III. SLIDING SCALE RATES AND COMMISSIONS ....................................... 762 IV. WARRANTIES AND NOTICE OFNON-CONFORMITY ................................ 762 V. INTEGRATED AGREEMENTS................................................................ 762 VI. ADDITIONAL TERMS ...................................................................... 763 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 763 I. ENTIRE AGREEMENT OR MERGER CLAUSE.......................................... 763 II. NO ORAL MODIFICATION CLAUSE ..................................................... 764 I. CROSS REFERENCES.................................................................................... 764 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 765 PART 2: MERGER C LAUSES........................................................................... 766 A. TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 766 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 766 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 766 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 767 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 767 I. CISG........................................................................................... 767 II. CISGADVISOTY COUNCIL OPINION NO ^ 768 III. * ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS...................................................................................... 768 IV PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 768 V. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW .................................................. 768 VI. GEMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 769 VII. FRENCH CODE CIVIL ..................................................................... 769 VIII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 769 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 ........... 770 X. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ....................................... 770 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 770 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 770 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 771 I. CIVIL LAW AND AGREEMENT IN FACT ............................................ 771 II. COMMON LAW AND SANCTITY OFWRITTEN CONTRACT 771 III. CONVERGENCE OF CIVIL AND COMMON LAWS ................................. 772 IV. EXTENT OF EXCLUSION PROVIDED BY MERGER CLAUSE ....... 773 V CONTEXTUAL INTERETATION AND THE ORDERING OF EVIDENCE ..... 773 VI. SCOPE OF MERGER CLAUSE ............................................................ 774 VII. MERGER CLAUSE AS A STANDARD T ERN............................................ 775 VIII. MERGER CLAUSE AND ARBITRATION.................................................. 775 IX. CISG AND MERGER CLAUSES......................................................... 776 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 777 H. CROSS REFERENCES .................................................................................... 778 1 PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES .................................................... 778 I. CHOICE OF LAW ........................................................................... 778 II. COMMERCIAL PRACTICE.................................................................. 779 III. NARROW AND BROAD MERGER CLAUSES............................................ 779 IV. ENHANCING THE ENFORCEABILITY OF A MERGER CLAUSE ................... 779 V. ORDER OF PREFERENCE CLAUSE AND INCO^ORATION BY REFERENCE . 780 VI. SAMPLE CLAUSES.......................................................................... 780 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 781 CHAPTER 24: PRODUCTS LIABILITY ............................................................... 783 MICHEL CANNARSA A. TOPICS COVERED ...................................................................................... 784 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 784 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................ 785 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION ............................................................... 787 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 788 I. CISG........................................................................................... 788 II. ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL C OM M ERCI CONTRACTS..................................................................................... 788 III. CONSUMER SALES DIRECTIVE.......................................................... 788 IV. EU PRODUCTS LIABILITY DIRECTIVE ................................................ 789 V. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF TORTS - PRODUCTS LIABILITY .... 789 VI. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1 9 7 9 . . . . . 7 8 9 .....* ............* VII. FRENCH CODE CIVIL ...................................................................... 789 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFOM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 790 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 790 I. DIRECT PRODUCERS* CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ULTIMATE CONSUMER................................................................. 790 II. NON-CONTRACTUAL PRODUCERS* LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS TO ULTIMATE CONSUMER.................................................................... 799 III. REMEDIES AND DEFENSES ............................................................. 804 IV. SELLERS RIGHT OF REDRESS AGAINST PRODUCER AND ALLOCATION OF LIABILITY IN THE CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION 807 V. PRODUCT SAFETY AND RECALL RULES ................................................ 809 G. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 810 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 810 I. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 811 CHAPTER 25: ASSIGNMENT DELEGATION AND THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS ..... 813 N .O R K I AKSELI PART 1: ASSIGNMENT AND DELEGATION ....................................................... 814 A TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 814 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 814 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 815 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION ............................................................ 815 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 815 I. CISG........................................................................................... 815 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTACTS ..................................................................................... 816 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW........................................ 816 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 816 V. GEMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 817 VT FRENCH CODE C IVIL...................................................................... 817 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 817 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 817 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1 9 7 9 . . . . 8 1 8 *..................* X. COMMON LAW OF CONTRACTS......................................................... 819 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 819 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW ............................................................... 820 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 820 I. ASSIGNMENT DEFINED AND DISTINGUISHED FROM SIMILAR TRANSACTIONS................................................................................ 820 II. VALIDITY OF AN ASSIGNMENT......................................................... 822 G. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 838 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 839 PART 2: CONTRACTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIRD PARTIESZTHIRD PARTY RIGHTS........................................................................................... 840 A. TOPICS COVERED..................................................................................... 840 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 840 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 840 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 840 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 841 I. CISG.......................................................................................... 841 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 841 III PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ....................................... 841 IV COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW .................................................. 841 V GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH ............................................. 842 VI FRENCH CODE C IVIL ..................................................................... 842 VII SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 842 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 842 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979.............................. 843 X. COMMON LAW OR CONTRACTS......................................................... 843 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS ........................ 843 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW ............................................................... 843 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 844 I. THE BASIS OF THIRD PARTY CLAIMS IN CONTRACTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIRDPARTIES................................................................................ 844 II. EXEMPTION CLAUSES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIRD PARTIES................. 850 III. MODIFICATION/VARIATION AND REVOCATION OF THE CONTRACT FOR THE BENEFIT OF THIRD PARTIES .............................................................. 851 IV. DEFENCES AVAILABLE TO THE PROMISOR AGAINST THE BENEFICIARY .... 852 V. REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THE PROMISEE.......................................... 853 G. PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES..................................................... 854 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 854 CHAPTER 26: DEFENSES................................................................................ 855 WILLIBALD POSCH A. TOPICS COVERED ...................................................................................... 856 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 856 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 857 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 857 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 858 I. CISG AND THE CONVENTION ON THE LIMITATION PERIOD IN THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS ....................................................... 858 II. * ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 859 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 860 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 862 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 863 VI. FRENCH CODE C IVIL ...................................................................... 864 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL.................................................................. 864 VIII. RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS............................................ 864 IX. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW ............................................................... 866 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 866 1 DEFECTS IN CONSENT ..................................................................... 866 II. MISTAKE........................................................................................ 868 III. FRAUD (DECEIT)............................................................................ 875 IV. THREATS OR DURESS AND UNDUE INFLUENCE ..................................... 879 V. UNFAIR EXPLOITATION ..................................................................... 882 VI. FAILURE TO CO-OPERATE AND BREACH OF THE DUTY OF GOOD FAITH .... 884 VII. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE........................................................... 887 VIII LIMITATION PERIOD........................................................................ 889 IX. SET-OFF....................................................................................... 892 G. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 896 H. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 896 CHAPTER 27: AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS ........... 897 SEVERINE SAXNTIER A TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 898 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 900 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 902 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 902 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 903 I. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 903 II. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ....................................... 904 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN LAW ON MANDATE CONTRACTS 905 IV. EU COMMERCIAL AGENCY DIRECTIVE............................................ 906 V GEMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH AND GEM^ BUCH ................................................................................... 907 VI. FRENCH CODE CIVII AND FRENCH CODE DE COMMERCE 907 VII. ENGLISH COMMON L AW ...................................................... 908 VIII. US RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF AGENCY .................................. 909 IX. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA .................................................................................. 911 X. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW........................................................ 911 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 911 P A R TI: AGENCY.......................................................................................... 911 I. MANDATE AND AGENCY: SCOPE AND PREU^ 911 II. EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIP: PRINCIPAL-THIRA PARTY..912 .............. PART 2: COMMERCIAL AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS ............... 926 I. COMMERCIAL AGENCY REVISITED......................................... 926 II. COMMERCIAL AGENTS AND DSTRIBUTORS............................... 927 III. COMPETITION LAW ISSUES .................................................... 928 IV. AGENTS AND DISTRIBUTORS: DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE.................. 929 V. GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES AND DUTY OF GOOD FAITH ...... 932 VI. ENDING THE CONTRACT .......................................................... 934 VII. NON-COMPETITION CLAUSES ........................................................ 939 VIII. DRAFTING INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS: PRACTITIONER TIPS.:............................................................................... 939 G. ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. 944 I. COMMISSION AGENCY.................................................................. 944 II. CHANGING THE PRODUCTS ............................................................... 945 III. TERMINATION AND NOTICE ............................................................. 946 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ....................................... 947 I. PRACTITIONER TIPS ..................................................................................... 947 I. AGENCY AGREEMENTS................................................................... 947 II. DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS............................................................ 948 III. GOOD FAITH................................................................................. 948 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................ 948 CHAPTER 28** LONG-TERM CONTRACTS: INSTALLMENT AND SUPPLY CONTRACTS............................................................................. 949 GIUDITTA CORDERO-MOSS AND LARRY A. DIMATTEO A. TOPICS COVERED ...................................................................................... 950 B. INTRODUCTORY N OTE................................................................................... 951 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 952 D. INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 953 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 953 I. CISG........................................................................................... 953 II. * ID R O IT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 954 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 954 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 954 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 955 VI FRENCH CODE C IVIL ...................................................................... 956 VII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 956 VIII. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE ...................................... 957 IX. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979.............................. 957 X. ENGLISH COMMON L AW ................................................................ 958 XI. AMERICAN RESTATEMENTS (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS ....................... 959 XII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 959 XIII. SUMMARY OF LAW IN RELATION TO LONG-TEM CONTRACTS ............ 960 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 962 I. COMMON SALES CLAUSES AND LONG-TEM CONTRACTS 963 II. PRICE ESCALATION CLAUSES ............................................................. 968 III. RENEGOTIATION CLAUSE................................................................. 970 G. ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 973 I. COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC CONTRACTING........................................... 973 II. FORCE MAJEURE AS SURROGATE RENEGOTIATION CLAUSE 973 H. CROSS REFERENCES & ADDITIONAL COMMENTARY ..................................... 974 1 PRACTITIONER TIPS & CONTRACT CLAUSES ..................................................... 974 I. INDEXING.................................................................................... 974 II. PRICE ADJUSTMENTS AND HARDSHIP................................................. 975 III. GROSS INEQUITIES CLAUSE AND MARKET REOPENER CLAUSES 975 IV. STRATEGIC USE OF RECITALS............................................................ 975 V. DEFINING MATERIAL AND MINOR BREA^^ ..................................... 976 VI. LONG-TERM JUST_IN-TIME CONTRACTING ....................................... 976 J. ADDITIONAL SOURCES................................................................................. 977 CHAPTER 29: POST-CONTRACT: CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS & RIGHTS 979 LARRY A. DIMATTEO A TOPICS COVERED....................................................................................... 980 B. INTRODUCTORY NOTES.................................................................................. 981 I. POST-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ..................................................... 981 II. LAW AND PRACTICE......................................................................... 983 C. STATEMENT OF ISSUES................................................................................. 983 D INTERNATIONAL SALES TRANSACTION .............................................................. 984 E. SAMPLING OF LAWS................................................................................... 984 I. CISG........................................................................................... 985 II. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS ..................................................................................... 986 III. PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW ........................................ 986 IV. COMMON EUROPEAN SALES L AW ................................................... 987 V. GERMAN BUERGERLICHES GESETZBUCH .............................................. 988 VI. GERMAN HANDELSGESETZBUCH ...................................................... 988 VTT FRENCH CODE C IVIL....................................................................... 988 VIII. SPANISH CODIGO CIVIL................................................................. 988 IX. AMERICAN UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE AND ENGLISH-AMERICAN COMMON LAW OF CONTRACTS......................................................... 989 X. UNITED KINGDOM SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 991 XI. COMMON LAW OF CONTRACTS........................................................ 991 XII AMERICAN RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF CONTRACTS 992 XIII. CHINESE CONTRACT LAW................................................................ 992 F. COMMENTARY........................................................................................... 994 I. WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS.................................................. 995 II. CONFIDENTIALITY............................................................................ 1003 III. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION .... 1009 IV. COMPETITION RESTRICTIONS............................................................ 1011 V. P O ST-C O N TA C T OBHGATIONS IN F O RE G N R EPRESENTATION, C OM M ERCIAL A GENCY * AND D ISTRIBUTION C ONTRACTS .................... 1014 G. CROSS R EFERENCES & A DDITIONAL C O M M E N TA RY ............................................. 1020 H. PRACTITIONER TIPS & C ONTRACT C LA U SE S ............................................................. 1020 I. C ONTINUING N ATURE O F POST-C ONTRACT O BH GATIONS SURVIVABILITY C LA U S E ....................................................................................................... 1020 II. C ONFIDENTIALITY P RO V IS IO N S ................................................................... 1021 III. SEVERANCE O FP O ST-CO N TRACTU AL O BLIGATIONS AND A NCILLARY C LA U S E S ...................................................................................................... 1021 IV. O W NERSHIP O F D A T A ................................................................................ 1021 V. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN D E M N ITIES....................................................... 1022 VI PRODUCTS L IABILITY IN S U RA N C E ............................................................... 1022 I. A DDITIONAL S O U RC E S .............................................................................................. 1022 C H A P TE R 30: C H O ICE O F L A W ................................................................................. 1025 PETRA BUTLER A. TOPIC C O V E RE D ....................................................................................................... 1026 B. INTRODUCTORY N O T E ................................................................................................ 1026 C . STATEM ENT O F IS S U E S ............................................................................................. 1027 D. C HOICE O F SUBSTANTIVE L A W ............................................................................... 1027 * .I N TR O D U C TIO N ............................................................................................. 1027 II. C HOICE O FL A W IN L ITIG A TIO N ................................................................ 1028 III. C HOICE O F LAW IN A RB ITRA TIO N ............................................................. 1046 IV. PARTIES INCLUDED C HOICE O FL A W C LAUSE IN THEIR CONTRACT* L IM ITS ........................................................................................................ 1054 E. CROSS R EFERENCES & A DDITIONAL C O M M E N TA RY ............................................. 1059 F. M ATTERS TO C O N SID E R ............................................................................................. 1059 I. INTEIPRETATION O F THE C HOICE O F LAW C LA U SE .................................... 1059 II. PROCEDURAL/SUBSTANTIVE Q U E STIO N ....................................................... 1060 *. B URDEN O F P R O O F ..................................................................................... 1060 G SAM PLE C LA U S E S .................................................................................................... 1062 H. A DDITIONAL S O U RC E S ............................................................................................. 1062 I N D E X ............................................................................................................................ 1065
any_adam_object	1
author2	DiMatteo, Larry A. 1957- Janssen, A. U. 1972- Magnus, Ulrich 1944- Schulze, Reiner 1948-
author2_role	edt edt edt edt
author2_variant	l a d la lad a u j au auj u m um r s rs
author_GND	(DE-588)129274801 (DE-588)1024720098 (DE-588)12368398X (DE-588)129411655
author_facet	DiMatteo, Larry A. 1957- Janssen, A. U. 1972- Magnus, Ulrich 1944- Schulze, Reiner 1948-
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spelling	International sales law (Konferenzschrift) International sales law contract, principles & practice edited by Prof. Dr. Larry A. DiMatteo, Prof. Dr. André Janssen, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Magnus, Prof. Dr. Reiner Schulze First edition München C.H. Beck 2016 Oxford Hart Baden-Baden Nomos LV, 1085 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 gnd rswk-swf Sales law Kaufrecht (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 27.09.2013-28.09.2013 gnd-content Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 s DE-604 DiMatteo, Larry A. 1957- (DE-588)129274801 edt Janssen, A. U. 1972- (DE-588)1024720098 edt Magnus, Ulrich 1944- (DE-588)12368398X edt Schulze, Reiner 1948- (DE-588)129411655 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe (Nomos ePDF) 978-3-8452-6515-5 (DE-604)BV045169242 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028217105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	International sales law contract, principles & practice Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4162096-3 (DE-588)4123623-3 (DE-588)1071861417
title	International sales law contract, principles & practice
title_alt	International sales law (Konferenzschrift)
title_auth	International sales law contract, principles & practice
title_exact_search	International sales law contract, principles & practice
title_full	International sales law contract, principles & practice edited by Prof. Dr. Larry A. DiMatteo, Prof. Dr. André Janssen, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Magnus, Prof. Dr. Reiner Schulze
title_fullStr	International sales law contract, principles & practice edited by Prof. Dr. Larry A. DiMatteo, Prof. Dr. André Janssen, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Magnus, Prof. Dr. Reiner Schulze
title_full_unstemmed	International sales law contract, principles & practice edited by Prof. Dr. Larry A. DiMatteo, Prof. Dr. André Janssen, Prof. Dr. Ulrich Magnus, Prof. Dr. Reiner Schulze
title_short	International sales law
title_sort	international sales law contract principles practice
title_sub	contract, principles & practice
topic	Internationales Kaufrecht (DE-588)4162096-3 gnd
topic_facet	Internationales Kaufrecht Lehrbuch Konferenzschrift 27.09.2013-28.09.2013
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028217105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	UT internationalsaleslawkonferenzschrift AT dimatteolarrya internationalsaleslawcontractprinciplespractice AT janssenau internationalsaleslawcontractprinciplespractice AT magnusulrich internationalsaleslawcontractprinciplespractice AT schulzereiner internationalsaleslawcontractprinciplespractice

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