Genetically modified organisms in food: production, safety, regulation and public health
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Academic Press
2016
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| Beschreibung: | XXI, 494 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780128022597 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Genetically modified organisms in food |b production, safety, regulation and public health |c Ronald Ross Watson ; Victor R. Preedy |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804175003259764736 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Genetically modified organisms in food
Autor: Watson, Ronald Ross
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
xv
xix
xxi
Section I
Development, Testing and Safety of
Plant and Animal GMO foods
1. Soybean as a Food Source:
Comparative Studies Focusing on
Transgenic and Nontransgenic
Soybean
M.A.Z. Arruda, R.M. Galazzi, B.K. de Campos,
M.A. Herrera-Agudelo, S.C.C. Arruda and
R.A. Azevedo
Introduction 3
Some Comments about Transgenic
Soybeans 4
The Necessity of Using an Herbicide 4
Genetic Modification of Soybean-Glyphosate
Resistance 4
A Brief History of the Transgenic Soybean in
Brazil 4
Comparative Studies Involving Transgenic and
Nontransgenic Soybean Seeds or Plants 5
Bioaccessibility Studies 5
Enzymes Involved in the Oxidative Stress 6
Metabolites and (Metallo)proteins 7
Trends 8
Conclusions 8
References 9
2. Genetically Modified Crops: Biosafety
Regulations and Detection Strategies
Suchitra Kamle and Dawei Li
Introduction 11
Biosafety Measurement 11
Labeling Issues 13
Bt Gene and Stacked Traits 13
4.
Detection Strategies 14
PCR and Real-Time PCR 14
Biosensors 15
Protein-Based Detection 15
Immunoassays 15
Immunostrip 15
Immuno-PCR 15
Future Prospects 16
References 16
Genetically Modified Food Animals:
An Overview
Renu Pandey, Meenakshi Dwivedi, Shishir Kumar
Gupta and Daman Saluja
Introduction 19
Genetically Modified Organisms 19
Definition 19
Advent of GMOs 19
Methods for Introduction ofTransgenesis 20
Applications of Transgenic Animals 22
Biological Research 22
Xenotransplantation 23
Biopharming 23
Environmental Sustainability 23
Food 23
Concerns 24
Future Directions 24
References 24
Genetically Modified Aubergine (Also
Called Brinjal or Solanum melongena)
Lalitha R. Gowda
General Description of Brinjal 27
Biochemical and Nutritional Properties 27
Insect Pests of Brinjal 28
Development of Insect-Resistant Bt-Brinja! 29
Fruit and Shoot Borer Management in
Bt-Brinjal 30
Fungal-Resistant Dm-AMP1-Aubergine Plants 31
Detection of Bt-Brinjal 31
Current Regulatory Framework of India for
Recombinant DNA Technology 32
v
vi Contents
Food Safety Assessment of Bt-Brinjal 32 Transformation 66
Environmental Risk Assessment of Bt-Brinjal 34 Osmotic Treatment of Explants 66
Commercialization of Bt-Brinjal 35 Desiccation of Explants 66
References 35 Culture Medium Antinecrotic Treatments 66 67
Nutritional Assessment of Genetically Temperature 67
Modified Crops Using Animal Models Surfactants 67
Antibiotics 67
R.D. Ekmay, S. Papineni and R.A. Herman Promoters 67
Crop Composition, Nutritional Context, and Selectable Markers 67
the Suitability of Animal Studies 39 Reporter Genes 67
Processed Products 43 Advances in Agrobacterium-Mediated
History of Animal Studies for Nutritional Transformation 67
Assessment of Genetically Modified Crops 43 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of
Regulatory Assessments 44 Dicotyledonous Plants 68
42-Day Broiler Study 45 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of
90-Day Rodent Study 47 Monocotyledonous Plants 68
Other Animal Models 47 Agrobacterium-Mediated In Planta
Conclusion 48 Transformation 68
References 48 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Nonplant Organisms 69
Noncoding RNA-Based Genetically Challenges in Agrobacterium-Mediated
Modified Crops: Concepts and Transformation 69
Challenges Applications 69
Biosafety Aspects 70
S.V. Ramesh and Shelly Praveen Summary and Future Prospects 70
Introduction 51 References 71
Various ncRNA-Based Silencing Platforms 51
Apprehensions of Noncoding RNA-Based 8. Understanding the Factors Influencing
Genetically Modified Crops 54 Attitudes toward Genetically Modified
Persistence of ncRNAs 56 Rice
Predictive Environmental Risk Assessment 56 Latifah Amin and Hasrizul Hashim
Impact on Plant Protection Measures 59
Food and Feed Safety 60 Introduction 75
Nutritional Composition and Equivalency 60 Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses
Conclusions and Future Directions 60 Development 76
References 60 Engagement Confidence in Key Players 76 77
Agrobacterium-Mediated Alien Gene Attitudes to Technology 77
Transfer Biofabricates Designer Plants Attitudes to Nature 78
Shweta Mehrotra and Vinod Goyal Religiosity Perceived Moral Concerns 78 78
The Biology of Agrobacterium 63 Perceived Risks and Perceived Benefits 79
Agrobacterium-Mediated T-DNA Transfer Religious Acceptance 79
Process 63 Research Methodology 79
Signal Recognition 64 Survey Data Collection 79
Bacterial Colonization 64 Instrument 79
Induction of Bacterial Virulence System 64 Statistical Analysis 80
Generation of the T-DNA Transfer Complex 65 Results 80
Transfer of T-DNA 65 Measurement Model (Confirmatory Factor
Integration of T-DNA into the Plant Analysis) 80
Genome 66 Structural Equation Modeling 80
Comparison of T-DNA Transfer to Construct Reliability and Validity 80
Conjugative DNA Transfer 66 Relationships among the Variables 80
Factors Influencing Agrobacterium-Mediated Conclusion 83
Contents vii
Acknowledgment 83
References 83
9. Qualitative and Quantitative
Diagnostics for EE1 Event of
Bt Eggplant
Gurinder J. Randhawa and Monika Singh
Introduction 87
Screening Strategies for Bt Eggplant 89
GMO Matrix 89
LAMP-Based Screening 90
Multiplex PCR-Based Screening 92
Qualitative Analysis of EE1 Event 92
Construct- and Event-Specific PCR Assays 92
Ready-to-Use TaqMan® Real-Time
PCR-Based Multitarget System 92
Diagnostics for EE1 Event: To Ensure
GM-Free Conservation of Germplasm 93
Conclusion 94
References 94
10. Biosensors for Detection of
Genetically Modified Organisms
in Food and Feed
Mary A. Arugula and Alex L. Simonian
Introduction 97
Standard Approaches for Detection
of GMO 99
GMO Biosensors 99
Optical Biosensors 100
Piezoelectric Biosensors 103
Electrochemical Biosensors 106
References 108
11. Genetically Modified Organism
Analysis as Affected by DNA
Degradation
Telmo J.R. Fernandes, Joana Costa, Alexandra
Placido, Caterina Villa, Liliana Grazina,
Liliana Meira, Maria Beatriz P.P. Oliveira and
Isabel Mafra
Introduction 111
DNA Quality and Purity: From Extraction
to PCR Analysis 112
Effect of Food Processing on GMO
Detection 113
Mechanical Processing 113
Effect of Temperature 114
Oil Extraction and Refining 115
Final Remarks 116
Acknowledgment 116
References 117
12. Novel Strategies for Genetically
Modified Organism Detection
Alexandra Placido, Joana S. Amaral, Joana Costa,
Telmo J.R. Fernandes, M. Beatriz P.P. Oliveira,
Cristina Delerue-Matos and Isabel Mafra
Introduction 119
Biosensors 119
Electrochemical Biosensors 120
Optical Biosensors 124
Piezoelectric Biosensors 125
Microarrays 125
Alternative DNA Amplification Methods 125
Final Remarks 127
Acknowledgment 128
References 128
13. Targeted Genetic Modification in
Crops Using Site-Directed Nucleases
Cecile Collonnier, Fabien Nogue and
Josep M. Casacuberta
Introduction 133
Different Types of SDNs: From Meganucleases
to Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) 133
The Different Uses of SDNs 134
What Has Already Been Done in Plants? 135
How the Nuclease is Delivered in Plant Cells 138
Comparison of SDN-Based Approaches to
Currently Used Techniques in Plant Breeding 140
SDNs to Obtain New Plants for Commercial
Uses: Legal Framework 140
Conclusions 141
References 142
Section II
Social and Economic Context of
GMO Foods
14. Agricultural Biotechnology and Public
Attitudes: An Attempt to Explain the
Mismatch between Experience and
Perception
Philipp Aerni
Introduction 149
Overview on Perception, Policies, and Politics
on GM Crops in Europe, USA, and the
Rest of the World 149
Europe 150
USA 151
Rest of the World 152
viii Contents
It).
17.
Public Attitudes and Trust in Institutions 152 The Daphnia magna Model 182
The Framing of the Public Debate 153 Previous Studies in D. magna 182
Methodologies to Assess Public and Materials and Methods 182
Consumer Attitudes 154 Soy Samples and Characterization 182
The Problem with Surveys that Measure Feeding Studies in D. magna 182
Stated Consumer Preferences 154 Results 183
The Problem with Surveys that Measure Glyphosate and AMPA Residues in
State Political Preferences 154 the Soybeans 183
Why Concrete Experience with the Main Constituents of the Soy—Individual
Technology Matters 155 Samples 183
Concluding Remarks 155 Discriminant Analysis 185
References 156 Life-Time Feeding Studies in D. magna
with the Different Soy Types 185
Fishy Business: Genetic Engineering Discussion 187
and Salmon Aquaculture Residues of Pesticides in the Soy 187
Increases in MRL of Glyphosate in Food
Rebecca Clausen, Stefano B. Longo and and Feed 187
Brett Clark Toxicity and Health Relevance of Pesticide/
Introduction 159 Glyphosate Residues 188
Salmon Decline: From Wild to Farmed Fish 159 Nutritional Components 188
The Social and Economic Context of Conclusion 189
Genetically Modified Salmon 161 Acknowledgment 189
Genetically Modified Salmon: A Smaller References 189
Ecological Footprint? 162
Conclusion 163
References 164 Section III
16.
Consumer Behavior Regarding
Genetically Modified Foods: A
Mediator Model
Macario Rodnguez-Entrena and
Melania Salazar-Ordonez
Introduction 167
Theoretical Framework: A Mediator Model 167
Research Methods 169
Sample 169
Methodological Issues . 169
Results: The Mediator Model 172
Conclusions , 175
Acknowledgment 175
References 178
Are Ready for Market Genetically
Modified, Conventional and Organic
Soybeans Substantially Equivalent as
Food and Feed?
T. B0hn, M. Cuhra, T. Traavik and J. Fagan
Introduction 181
Long-Term Studies of Food and Feed
Products and Agrochemicals are Missing 181
Soy Production is Dominated by Herbicide-
Tolerant (HT) RR CM Soy 181
Government Regulation and Litigation
for GMO foods
18. Consumer Acceptance and Willingness-
to-Pay for Genetically Modified Foods
with Enhanced Vitamin Levels
Hans De Steur, Dieter Blancquaert, Simon
Strobbe, Shuyi Feng, Jeroen Buysse,
Christophe Stove, Willy Lambert, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and Xavier Gellynck
Introduction 195
Methods 195
Search Strategy 195
Study Selection 196
Data Extraction 196
Results 196
Acceptance of GM Foods with Enhanced
Vitamin Levels 196
Willingness-to-Pay for GM Foods with
Enhanced Vitamin Levels 197
Determinants of Acceptance and
Willingness-to-Pay 200
Case Study: Information Effects on WTP for
Folate Biofortified Rice 202
Information Effects 203
Conclusions 203
References 205
Contents ix
19. Detection of Genetically Modified
Organisms in Feed
Ozgur Qakir, Sinan Meriq and $ble An
Introduction 207
GMO Feeds: General Characteristics,
Regulations, and Health Issues 207
Detection Methods of Genetically
Modified Organisms in Feed 210
Molecular Analysis 211
Genomic DNA Extraction 211
Conventional PCR Analysis for Identifying
Plant Species 213
Conventional PCR Analysis for Detection
of GMOs 214
Nested PCR Analysis for Determining
GMO Events in Feed 214
Real-Time PCR Analysis for Quantifying
GMO in Feed 215
Interpreting Results 216
Conclusions 217
References 218
20. Development of Molecular Strategies
for Gene Containment and Marker-
Free Genetically Modified Organisms
Ning Yuan, Steve Cogill and Hong Luo
The Current Market Situation of Genetically
Modified Organisms 223
Concerns about the Potential Problems
of GMOs 224
Gene Flow and Introgression from GMOs 224
Unnecessary Foreign DNA and Protein
in the Final Product 225
Gene Containment 225
Male Sterility 225
Maternal Inheritance 226
GURT-Based Technology Protection System 227
Gene Self-Deleting System 229
SMG and SMG Protein Free in GMOs 229
Site-Specific Recombination 229
Homologous Recombination 230
Cotransformation 231
Conclusion 232
Acknowledgment 232
References 232
21. Negative Regulators of Messenger RNA
and the Role of microRNA for Plant
Genetic Engineering
Shuangrong Yuan and Hong Luo
22.
23.
Introduction
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of Negative
Regulators of mRNA
237
237
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of miRNA 237
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of siRNA 238
Roles of miRNA in Plant Genetic Modification 239
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Organ Development
for Plant Genetic Engineering 239
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Response to Abiotic
Stress for Plant Genetic Engineering 243
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Response to Biotic
Stress for Plant Genetic Engineering 246
MiRNA-Based Gene Silencing Strategies in
Plant Genetic Modification 248
Concluding Remarks 248
Acknowledgment 248
References 248
Genetically Modified Organisms and
European Journalism
Anita Howarth
Introduction 257
The European Context and GMOs 258
The Politicization of Food and the
Sensitizing of Journalists 258
Arguments and Counter-Arguments 259
GMOs: Campaigns and Counter-Campaigns 260
GMOs and Competing Journalistic
Traditions of Journalistic Objectivity and
Interpretation 260
The American Tradition of an Objectivity
Ritual 260
The Anglo-American Model and British
Newspapers 261
Continental European Traditions of
Journalism 261
The Challenge of Reporting on GMOs: Facts
and Scientific Disputes 262
Conclusion 263
References 263
Agricultural Biotechnology
Regulation and Litigation: Preventing
Contamination
Thomas P. Redick, Theodore A. Feitshans and
Megan R. Galey
Regulatory Background 267
Litigation Over Biotech Crops 267
Syngenta Litigation Regarding Major Market
Approval in Federal and State Courts 268
Monsanto s Wheat Woes 269
Inadvertent Reproduction of Patented Seed 269
Bayer s Billion-Dollar LibertyLink Rice
Settlement 269
Aventis and the StarLink Corn Recall 270
GMOs Are Not Natural 270
The National Environmental Policy Act 271
viii Contents
13.
16.
Public Attitudes and Trust in Institutions 152 The Daphnia magna Model 182
The Framing of the Public Debate 153 Previous Studies in D. magna 182
Methodologies to Assess Public and Materials and Methods 182
Consumer Attitudes 154 Soy Samples and Characterization 182
The Problem with Surveys that Measure Feeding Studies in D. magna 182
Stated Consumer Preferences 154 Results 183
The Problem with Surveys that Measure Glyphosate and AMPA Residues in
State Political Preferences 154 the Soybeans 183
Why Concrete Experience with the Main Constituents of the Soy—Individual
Technology Matters 155 Samples 183
Concluding Remarks 155 Discriminant Analysis 185
References 156 Life-Time Feeding Studies in D. magna
with the Different Soy Types 185
Fishy Business: Genetic Engineering Discussion 187
and Salmon Aquaculture Residues of Pesticides in the Soy 187
Increases in MRL of Glyphosate in Food
Rebecca Clausen, Stefano B. Longo and and Feed 187
Brett Clark Toxicity and Health Relevance of Pesticide/
Introduction 159 Glyphosate Residues 188
Salmon Decline: From Wild to Farmed Fish 159 Nutritional Components 188
The Social and Economic Context of Conclusion 189
Genetically Modified Salmon 161 Acknowledgment 189
Genetically Modified Salmon: A Smaller References 189
Ecological Footprint? 162
Conclusion 163
References 164 Section III
17.
Consumer Behavior Regarding
Genetically Modified Foods: A
Mediator Model
Macario Rodriguez-Entrena and
Melania Salazar-Ordonez
Introduction 167
Theoretical Framework: A Mediator Model 167
Research Methods 169
Sample 169
Methodological Issues . 169
Results: The Mediator Model 172
Conclusions * 175
Acknowledgment 175
References 178
Are Ready for Market Genetically
Modified, Conventional and Organic
Soybeans Substantially Equivalent as
Food and Feed?
T. B0hn, M. Cuhra, T. Traavik and J. Fagan
Introduction 181
Long-Term Studies of Food and Feed
Products and Agrochemicals are Missing 181
Soy Production is Dominated by Herbicide-
Tolerant (HT) RR GM Soy 181
Government Regulation and Litigation
for GMO foods
18. Consumer Acceptance and Willingness-
to-Pay for Genetically Modified Foods
with Enhanced Vitamin Levels
Hans De Steur, Dieter Blancquaert, Simon
Strobbe, Sbuyi Feng, Jeroen Buysse,
Christophe Stove, Willy Lambert, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and Xavier Gellynck
Introduction 195
Methods 195
Search Strategy 195
Study Selection 196
Data Extraction 196
Results 196
Acceptance of GM Foods with Enhanced
Vitamin Levels 196
Willingness-to-Pay for GM Foods with
Enhanced Vitamin Levels 197
Determinants of Acceptance and
Willingness-to-Pay 200
Case Study: Information Effects on WTP for
Folate Biofortified Rice 202
Information Effects 203
Conclusions 203
References 205
Contents ix
19. Detection of Genetically Modified
Organisms in Feed
Ozgur Qakir, Sinan Meriq and $ule An
Introduction 207
GMO Feeds: General Characteristics,
Regulations, and Health Issues 207
Detection Methods of Genetically
Modified Organisms in Feed 210
Molecular Analysis 211
Genomic DNA Extraction 211
Conventional PCR Analysis for Identifying
Plant Species 213
Conventional PCR Analysis for Detection
of GMOs 214
Nested PCR Analysis for Determining
GMO Events in Feed 214
Real-Time PCR Analysis for Quantifying
GMO in Feed 215
Interpreting Results 216
Conclusions 217
References 218
20. Development of Molecular Strategies
for Gene Containment and Marker-
Free Genetically Modified Organisms
Ning Yuan, Steve Cogill and Hong Luo
The Current Market Situation of Genetically
Modified Organisms 223
Concerns about the Potential Problems
of GMOs 224
Gene Flow and Introgression from GMOs 224
Unnecessary Foreign DNA and Protein
in the Final Product 225
Gene Containment 225
Male Sterility 225
Maternal Inheritance 226
GURT-BasedTechnology Protection System 227
Gene Self-Deleting System 229
SMG and SMG Protein Free in GMOs 229
Site-Specific Recombination 229
Homologous Recombination 230
Cotransformation 231
Conclusion 232
Acknowledgment 232
References 232
21. Negative Regulators of Messenger RNA
and the Role of microRNA for Plant
Genetic Engineering
Shuangrong Yuan and Hong Luo
Introduction 237
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of Negative
Regulators of mRNA 237
22.
23.
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of miRNA 237
Biogenesis and Mechanisms of siRNA 238
Roles of miRNA in Plant Genetic Modification 239
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Organ Development
for Plant Genetic Engineering 239
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Response to Abiotic
Stress for Plant Genetic Engineering 243
MiRNA-Mediated Plant Response to Biotic
Stress for Plant Genetic Engineering 246
MiRNA-Based Gene Silencing Strategies in
Plant Genetic Modification 248
Concluding Remarks 248
Acknowledgment 248
References 248
Genetically Modified Organisms and
European Journalism
Anita Howarth
Introduction 257
The European Context and GMOs 258
The Politicization of Food and the
Sensitizing of Journalists 258
Arguments and Counter-Arguments 259
GMOs: Campaigns and Counter-Campaigns 260
GMOs and Competing Journalistic
Traditions of Journalistic Objectivity and
Interpretation 260
The American Tradition of an Objectivity
Ritual 260
The Anglo-American Model and British
Newspapers 261
Continental European Traditions of
Journalism 261
The Challenge of Reporting on GMOs: Facts
and Scientific Disputes 262
Conclusion 263
References 263
Agricultural Biotechnology
Regulation and Litigation: Preventing
Contamination
Thomas P. Redick, Theodore A. Feitshans and
Megan R. Galey
Regulatory Background 267
Litigation Over Biotech Crops 267
Syngenta Litigation Regarding Major Market
Approval in Federal and State Courts 268
Monsanto s Wheat Woes 269
Inadvertent Reproduction of Patented Seed 269
Bayer s Billion-Dollar LibertyLink Rice
Settlement 269
Aventis and the StarLink Corn Recall 270
GMOs Are Not Natural 270
The National Environmental Policy Act 271
x Contents
Litigation Involving Ordinances Banning
or Restricting Biotech Crops in States
with Biotech Crop Opponents 272
References 272
24. The European Union Reference
Methods Database and Decision
Supporting Tool for the Analysis of
Genetically Modified Organisms:
GMOMETHODS and JRC GMO-Matrix
Laura Bonfini, Alexandre Angers-Loustau, Mauro
Petrillo, llaria Ciabatti, Francesco Gatto, Sabrina
Rosa, Antoon Lievens and Joachim Kreysa
The From Farm to Fork European Approach 275
Harmonized Analytical Approaches for GMO
Detection: Role of EU-RL GMFF and the
European Network of GMO Laboratories
(ENGL) 276
GMOMETHODS Database: Data Source
and Selection Criteria 276
The GMOMETHODS Database Content 277
Joint Research Center (JRC) GMO-Matrix 278
The Central Core Sequence Information
System 282
The in silico Pipeline Supporting the JRC
GMO-Matrix 282
Practical Considerations 282
Next Generation Sequencing 283
Challenges 284
Future Prospective for GMO Analysis 284
Prespotted Plates 284
Digital PCR 284
NGS 285
Conclusions 286
References 286
Section IV
Role of CMC (Genetically Modified
Crops) in Increasing the Food
Supply in the Developing and
Developed Countries
25. Genetically Modified Crops: An
Alternative Source of Livestock Feeding
Rajib Deb, T.V. Raja, Sandip Chakraborty,
Sbishir K. Gupta and Umesh Singh
Introduction 291
Historical Background of GM Crops 291
What is a GM Crop? 292
Risks and Concerns of GM Crops 292
Feeding GM Crops in Livestock 292
Large Ruminants 292
Small Ruminants 292
Poultry 293
Fish 293
Conclusions and Future Prospectives 293
References 294
26. Transgenic Food: Uncertainty, Trust,
and Responsibility
Lucia Martinelli, Matgorzata Karbarz and
Vincenzo Pavone
Introduction 297
Promises and Concerns over GMOs:
A Reorienting Strategy? 297
Conclusion 302
Acknowledgment 302
References 302
27. Engineering Stress Tolerance in
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Bhavanath Jha, Avinasb Mishra and
Amit Kumar Chaturvedi
Introduction 305
Factors Affecting Peanut Production 306
Approaches to Studying Stress Tolerance
in Peanut 306
Molecular Breeding 306
Functional Genomics 307
Genetic Engineering 307
Enhanced Stress Tolerance in Peanut:
A Case Study 308
Issues with the Transgenic/GMO 308
Conclusion and Future Prospective 309
Acknowledgment 309
References 309
28. Why India Needs Biotechnology to
Ensure Food and Nutrition Security?
Chenna R. Aswath, P.U. Krisnaraj and
Govindarajan Padmanaban
Introduction 313
Population versus Agricultural Productivity 313
Nutrition Security 314
Cotton 316
Rice 317
Hybrid Rice 317
Marker Assisted Selection 317
Transgenic Rice 318
Contents xi
Rice Genomics
Horticulture
Enhancement of Nutrition Content
Oilseeds
Pulses
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
318
318
319
320
321
322
322
322
29. Wheat Storage Proteins in Transgenic
Rice Endosperm
Maria Oszvald, Ferenc Bekes and Laszlo Tamas
Introduction 325
The Unique Feature of Wheat Proteins 325
Characterization of Rice Proteins and
Rice Dough 326
Production and Analysis of Transgenic
Rice Plants 327
Identification and Characterization of 1 Dx5
HMW Glutenin in Rice Endosperm 328
Functional Properties of Rice Dough
Made from Transgenic Rice
Trafficking of Wheat Proteins in
Transgenic Rice Endosperm
Acknowledgment
References
31. The Detection Techniques of
Genetically Modified Organisms
Wentao Xu and Ying Shang
Introduction 343
Qualitative PCR Detection Techniques 343
Quantitative PCR 344
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Detection Technique 344
High-Throughput Detection Techniques 345
Multiplex PCR 345
Universal Primer Multiplex PCR (UP-M-PCR) 345
Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe
Amplification 346
Single Universal Primer Multiplex Ligation-
Dependent Probe Amplification 346
Multiplex PCR with Pyrosequencing for
GMO Detection 347
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification 348
Prospect 349
References 349
330
332
332
Section V
Potential Health Benefits, Acceptance
and Risks due to Incorporation of
Novel Plant Gene Products into the
Food Supply
30. Event-Specific Identification
Technology of Genetically Modified
Organisms
Wentao Xu and Ying Shang
Introduction 337
The Traditional Methods of Genome
Walking 337
The Novel Methods: A-T Linker PCR 338
Loop-Linker PCR 339
Randomly Broken Fragment PCR with 5
End-Directed Adaptor for Genome Walking 339
Next-Generation Sequencing in Obtaining
the Molecular Characterization of
Genetically Modified Organisms 340
Prospect 341
References 341
330 32. Carotenoids, Genetically Modified
Foods, and Vitamin A Nutrition
Li Tian
Introduction 353
Strategies for Metabolic Engineering in the
Carotenoid Pathway 353
Assessing the Impact of Vitamin A
Biofortification on Human Nutrition 354
Genetic Engineering of Carotenoid
Accumulation in Cereal Grains 355
Genetic Engineering of Carotenoid
Accumulation in Oilseeds and Legumes 356
Genetic Engineering of Carotenoid
Accumulation in Stem and Tuber Crops 356
Genetic Engineering of Carotenoid
Accumulation in Vegetables and Fruits 357
Future Perspectives 357
References 358
33. Food from Genetically Engineered
Plants: Tomato with Increased
P-Carotene, Lutein, and Xanthophylls
Contents
Caterina D Ambrosio, Adriana L. Stigliani and
Giovanni Giorio
Introduction 361
Legislation in the United States of America
and the European Union 361
Genetically Engineered Crop Cultivation
in the World 362
xii Contents
Genetically Engineered Food and Feed Bioinformatics Methods to Predict Protein
in the EU 363 Allergenicity 401
The Pros and Cons of Extant and Future Sequence Homology Identification Using
Genetically Engineered Plants 364 Local Alignment Search Tools 403
Genetically Engineered Food from Tomato 364 Matches of Short Segments of Contiguous
Genetics, Breeding, and Nutritional Aspects Amino Acids Based on the Estimated
of Tomato 364 Minimum Length for IgE Epitope Binding 403
Carotenoid Metabolism in Tomato 367 Epitopic Prediction Using the Physicochemical
Carotenoids Metabolic Engineering in Tomato 370 Properties of a Query Protein Calculated
Overcoming the Developmental Block of Using Epitopic Information of Known
Lycopene Cyclases 371 Allergens 403
Stacking of Cyclase Transgenes: The CD Prediction by Searching Motifs Contained
Line (HighCaroxHighDelta) 372 in Known Allergens 404
Boosting the Hydroxylation of p-lonone A Combination of Sequence Homology
Rings 374 Searches and Motif Identification 404
Carotenoid Composition and Nutritional Machine Learning Model 404
Values of Transgenic Tomatoes 375 Prediction based on Tertiary Structure 405
Final Comments 376 Bioinformatics Methods Used in Regulatory
References 376 Assessment of Protein Allergenicity Conclusion 405 408
Plant Defensins for the Development Acknowledgment 408
of Fungal Pathogen Resistance in References 408
Transgenic Crops 36. Attitudes of Polish Adolescents toward
Siddhesh B. Ghag, Upendra K. Singh Shekhawat and Thumballi R. Ganapathi Genetically Modified Organisms and Genetically Modified Food
Introduction 381
Plant Defensins: Origin and Distribution Anna Jurkiewicz
in Plants 381 Introduction 413
Plant Defensins: Structure 384 Objective 413
Plant Defensins: Mechanism of Action 385 Materials and Method 413
Plant Defensins: Role in Normal Growth Characteristics of the Study Group 413
and Development 386 Results 414
Engineering Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Discussion 418
Plants Using Plant-Derived Defensins 386 Conclusion 421
Combinatorial Strategy Approach Using References 421
Plant Defensins 389
Tissue Specific Overexpression of Plant 37. Consequences of Gene Flow between
Defensins 390 Transgenic, Insect-Resistant Crops and
Targeted Modification of Native Defensins their Wild Relatives
for Improved Antimicrobial Activity 390 Henri Darmency
Biosafety Issues Regarding the Use of Plant
Defensins 391 Introduction 423
Future Prospects 391 Introgression 424
References 392 Introgression among Cultivated and Wild
Bioinformatics Application in Forms of the Same Biological Species 424
Introgression among Distantly Related
Regulatory Assessment for Potential Species 425
Allergenicity of Transgenic Proteins in Evolutionary and Agricultural Consequences
Food Crops of Introgression of Insect-Resistance Genes 426
General Considerations 426
Ping Song The Case of Oilseed Rape 427
Introduction 397 Conclusion 427
Allergen Databases 398 References 428
Contents xiii
Section VI
Safety of Genetically Modified Foods
for Humans and Animals
38. Labeling of Genetically Modified Food
in the United States
Anton E. Wohlers
Introduction 433
The Current Biotechnology Debate 433
The Regulatory Environment of GM Food
Labeling Policies in the United States 434
Conclusions 439
References 440
39. The Food Safety Assessment of Bt
Crops
Bruce Hammond
Introduction 443
History of Safe Use of Bt Microbial
Pesticides 444
Insecticidal Activity of Bt Cry Proteins 444
History of Safe Use and Human Dietary
Exposure Assessment of Cry Proteins 445
Regulatory Guidance for the Safety
Assessment of Cry Proteins Introduced
into GM Crops 446
Digestibility of Cry Proteins When
Consumed in the Diet 446
Assessment of Food Processing on Cry
Protein Insecticidal Activity 446
Allergy and Immunogenicity Assessment
of Cry Proteins 447
Toxicology Testing of Cry Proteins 448
Acute Toxicity Testing 448
Toxicology Feeding Studies in Rodents
Fed Bt Crops 449
Food and Feed Safety Benefits of Bt Crops 450
Reduced Insecticide Application 450
Reduced Mycotoxin Contamination
of Grain 450
Conclusions 450
Acknowledgment 450
References 450
40. Allergen Analysis in Plants and Use
in the Assessment of Genetically
Modified Plants
Rie Satoh and Reiko Teshima
Introduction 455
Molecular Properties of Food Allergens 456
Protein Families of Food Allergens and
Allergen Databases 457
Applications of Allergenomics for Assessment
of Allergenicity in GM Plants 458
Conclusions 460
References 461
Section VII
Demand and Uses of Non-Genetically
Modified Foods, and GMO s for
Humans and Animals
41. Usage of Genetically Modified Foods:
The Extent of Genetically Modified
Rice, Maize, and Soy Consumption
in Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Rafaat M. Elsanhoty
and A.I. Al-Turki
Introduction 467
Materials and Methods 468
Materials 468
Sampling 468
Sample Pretreatment 468
Extraction of Genomic DNA 468
Extraction of DNA from Processed Food
Samples 469
DNA Yield and Quality 469
PCR Detection of Lectin Gene and
Invertase Gene 469
GMOScreen 35S/NOS 471
Results and Discussion 472
DNA Extraction 472
Detection of Lectin and Invertase Genes 473
Detection of GMO Specific Genetic Elements
(35S Promoter or NOS Terminator) 473
Specific Detection of RR Soybean 474
Specific Detection of GM Maize Lines 474
Quantitative Detection of GM Soybean
and Maize Lines 476
Conclusion 477
References 477
Reasons Analysis of Chinese Urban
Consumers Opposing Genetically
Modified Food—An Overview
42.
Yue Ma and Shaoping Gan
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
481
481
482
xiv Contents
Reason Analysis 482 Recommendations 486
Health Issues 483 References 486
Economic Issues 484
Environmental Issues 484
Other Issues 485
Discussion
486 Index 489
|
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| id | DE-604.BV042776322 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:09:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780128022597 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028206473 |
| oclc_num | 927432951 |
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| physical | XXI, 494 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Watson, Ronald Ross 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)1055770739 aut Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health Ronald Ross Watson ; Victor R. Preedy Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Academic Press 2016 XXI, 494 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Genetically modified foods Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd rswk-swf Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd rswk-swf Lebensmittel (DE-588)4034870-2 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 s Lebensmittel (DE-588)4034870-2 s Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 s Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 s DE-604 Preedy, Ronald Ross Verfasser aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 9780128025307 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028206473&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Watson, Ronald Ross 1942- Preedy, Ronald Ross Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health Genetically modified foods Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Lebensmittel (DE-588)4034870-2 gnd Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071722-7 (DE-588)4069491-4 (DE-588)4034870-2 (DE-588)4353579-3 |
| title | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health |
| title_auth | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health |
| title_exact_search | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health |
| title_full | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health Ronald Ross Watson ; Victor R. Preedy |
| title_fullStr | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health Ronald Ross Watson ; Victor R. Preedy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetically modified organisms in food production, safety, regulation and public health Ronald Ross Watson ; Victor R. Preedy |
| title_short | Genetically modified organisms in food |
| title_sort | genetically modified organisms in food production safety regulation and public health |
| title_sub | production, safety, regulation and public health |
| topic | Genetically modified foods Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd Lebensmittel (DE-588)4034870-2 gnd Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus (DE-588)4353579-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Genetically modified foods Gentechnologie Biotechnologie Lebensmittel Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028206473&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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