Ottoman ḫarem: the male and female slavery in Islamic law
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rotterdam
IUR Press
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (pages [325]-338) and index Translation of: İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem |
| Beschreibung: | 361 Seiten illustrations, facsimiles, maps 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789491898068 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ottoman ḫarem |b the male and female slavery in Islamic law |c Ahmet Akgunduz |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a The male and female slavery in Islamic law |
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| 300 | |a 361 Seiten |b illustrations, facsimiles, maps |c 24 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (pages [325]-338) and index | ||
| 500 | |a Translation of: İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Slavery and Islam / Turkey / History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Slavery (Islamic law) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
CONTENTS....................................................................3
FOREWORD.......................................................................13
1. THE FIRST IMPORTANT POINT: THE HAREM IS A QUESTION THAT HAS BEEN
DISTORTED, AS HAVE ALLTHE QUESTIONS OF TURKISH HISTORY...................14
2. SECOND IMPORTANT POINT: THE INSTITUTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE SLAVERY
IN ISLAM AND THEIR ORGANIZATION..........................................16
3. THIRD IMPORTANT POINT: THE HAREM IN THE OTTOMAN STATE....................18
4. FOURTH IMPORTANT POINT: DISTORTIONS CONCERNING THE COURT PAGES,
EUNUCHS, AND SIMILAR MATTERS.........................................22
5. WHY SUCH A BOOK WAS NECESSARY........................................24
ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................27
PART ONE
THE DISTORTION AND DELIBERATE MISREPRESENTATION OF THE SUBJECT
1. THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN DISTORTED AND DELIBERATELY MISREPRESENTED...........29
1.1 Distortions which Portray the Sultans as Infringing the Prohibition on
Alcoholic Drink and Pursuing Unlawful Pleasures..................30
1.2 Misrepresentations of the Court Pages (igoglan).....................35
1.2.1 The Distortion of the Words Meanings..............................35
1.2.2 The Court Pages (igoglan) are a Subject about which has been Much Uninformed
Discussion.....................................................40
1.2.3 Some Distorted Facts about the Ottoman Sultans Private Lives......42
1.2.3.1 The Distortion of idris-i Bitlisi s Writings...............43
1.2.3.2 ¡dris-i Bitlisi s Advice Concerning the Sultans Private Lives.44
1.2.3.3 Misrepresentations of the Sultans Private Lives, Made in the Early Years of
the Republic...............................................48
1.2.3.4 General Distortions about Male and Female Slavery..............50
2. WESTERN WRITERS DISTORTIONS AND MISREPRESENTATIONS OFTHE HAREM ....51
2.1 Western Books about the Harem.......................................51
2.2 Pictures of Naked Women Asserted to be of the Harem.................53
3. THE TWO SORTS OF INJUNCTIONS IN ISLAMIC LAW..........................54
6
SLAVERY IN ISLAMIC LAW AND OTTOMAN HAREM
PART TWO
AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF SLAVERY IN VARIOUS SOCIETIES AND
RELIGIONS
1. SLAVERY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF ANTIQUITY....................................59
59
1.1 Slavery in Ancient Indian Law..........................................
1.2 Slavery in Chinese Law...................................................^
1.3 Slavery in Egypt........................................................60
1.4 Slavery in the Civilizations of Mesopotamia.............................61
1.5 Slavery in the Torah....................................................62
1.6 Slavery in the Civilization of Ancient Greece...........................64
1.7 Slavery in Roman Law (500 B.C. to 467 A.D.).............................66
1.8 Slavery in Ancient Turkish Civilizations................................68
1.9 Slavery in Ancient Arab Civilization....................................69
2. SLAVERY IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND SUBSEQUENT CENTURIES..........................70
2.1 The Feudal System and Semi-Slavery......................................70
2.1.1 Political Aspects of Feudalism.........................................72
2.1.2 Economic Aspects of Feudalism.........................................74
2.1.3 Social Aspects of Feudalism...........................................75
2.1.4 The Differences between the TTmar System and Feudal System.............76
2.2 Slavery in Various Countries and Civilizations in the Middle Ages and
Subsequently...........................................................81
2.2.1 Slavery in France in the Middle Ages and subsequently..................81
2.2.2 Slavery In Great Britain..............................................83
2.2.3 Slavery in America....................................................84
2.3 Slavery in Christianity............................................. 86
3. CONCLUSION..................................................................87
PART THREE
THE INSTITUTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE SLAVERY IN ISLAMIC LAW
1. THE DISSIMILARITY OF THE ISLAMIC APPROACH TO SLAVERY.........................91
2. THE CONCEPTS OF MALE AND FEMALE SLAVERY.......................................93
3. THE REDUCTION OF THE CAUSES OF SLAVERY BY ISLAM...............................95
3.1 The Reasons for Slavery in Religions and Legal Systems Previous to Islam.95
3.2 War and Prisoners of War as the Main Source of Slavery in Islamic Law....96
3.2.1 Jihad and its conditions.............................................. 96
3.2.2 Captivity and its conditions.......................................... Q8
FOREWORD AND CONTENTS
7
3.2.2.1 The Enslavement of Male Captives (Esra)............................100
3.2.2.1.1 The Killing of Male Prisoners of War (Qatl)..................100
3.2.2.1.2 Enslavement of Male Prisoners (istirqaq).....................101
3.2.2.1.3 The Conclusion of the Dimmet Contract with Non-Muslims on
Condition They Pay the Harac and Jizye Taxes.................102
3.2.2.1.4 The Release of Captives without Ransom (Menn— Lit. A Boon or
Favour), or Repatriation.....................................102
3.2.2.1.5 Liberation (fida ) of captives for a ransom (fidye)..........103
3.2.2.2 The Position of Women and Children (Sebaya-Zerari].................103
3.2.2.3 The Elderly, the Infirm, and Men of Religion.......................105
4. INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED BY ISLAM TO ASSIST THE EMANCIPATION OF SLAVES ....105
4.1 Introduction..............................................................105
4.2 Manumission on the Agreement of a Stipulated Price (mukatebe aqdi).......105
4.3 A Master Begetting and Acknowledging a Child by a Female Slave (istllad=
umm ul- waiad)...........................................................109
4.4 The Contract to Free a Slave on His Master s Death (tadbTr)...............Ill
4.5 The Ju 7 Means of Freeing a Slave.........................................112
4.6 Emancipating Slaves by Means ofl taq or Itq..............................112
4.6.1 The Concept of Itq Generally...........................................112
4.6.2 The Compulsory Emancipation of Slaves..................................112
4.6.2.1 Emancipating slaves as expiation for murder (Kaffaret-i qatl)......113
4.6.2.2 Freeing Slaves as Expiation for Zihar (keffaret-izihar).......... 114
4.6.2.3 Freeing a Slave as Expiation for a Broken Oath (kaffaret-i yemin)..114
4.6.2.4 Freeing a Slave as Expiation for Violating the Ramadan Fast (kaffaret-i
$avm)..............................................................114
4.6.3 The Voluntary Emancipation of Slaves...................................115
5. THE LEGAL POSITIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE SLAVES IN ISLAM, AND THEIR
GOODTREATMENT.................................................................118
5.1 The Good Treatment of Slaves..............................................118
5.2 The Legal Position of Slaves in Islamic Law and Their Relations with Their
Masters.................................................................3-23
5.2.1 In respect of Personal Law.............................................123
5.2.2 In respect of Family Law...............................................124
5.2.3 In respect of Possessions and Debts....................................126
5.2.4 In respect of Public Law...............................................127
5.3 The Position of Female Slaves in Islamic Law, and Their Relations with Their
Masters..................................................................229
5.3.1 The Position of Female Slaves Generally................................129
5.3.2 Female Slaves Employed as Domestic Servants............................130
5.3.3 Female Slaves Who Had the Status of Wives or Those over Whom the Master Had
Rights of Concubinage..................................................137
8
SLAVERY IN ISLAMIC LAW AND OTTOMAN HAREM
PART FOUR
ASPECTS OF MALE AND FEMALE SLAVERY IN OTTOMAN PRACTICE
1. THE CATEGORIES OF SLAVES: STATE-OWNED SLAVES AND PRIVATELY OWNED
SLAVES....................................................................141
2. PRIVATELY OWNED SLAVES IN THE OTTOMAN STATE....................................142
14?
2.1 Introduction...............................................................
2.2 Some Figures Connected with Slaves in the Ottoman state...............143
23 The Acquisition of Slaves and the Slave-Trade in the Ottoman state....145
2A The Events Leading to the Banning of the Slave-Trade in the Ottoman state 146
2.5 High-ranking Ottoman Officials and Their Harems .....................147
3. THE TYPES OF SLAVES BELONGING TO THE OTTOMAN STATE........................148
3.1 Slave Sharecroppers (Ortakgt Kullar)..................................148
3.2 Kul Kesimciier........................................................151
3.3 Slave Herdsmen and Shepherds (Sigira Kullar and Koyun Kafirleri)......152
3.4 Kapikullan: The Origins and Legal Basis of the Pengik Oglanlan and
Dev§irme System......................................................152
3.4.1 The Pengik Oglanlan and acemTOcaklar...............................153
3.4.2 The Dev$irme (Conscription) System and the New Recruits { acemTOglanlar).154
3.4.3 The Kapikulu Corps and Janissary Agha...............................158
PART FIVE
THE OTTOMAN HAREM
1. THE PALACE AND HAREM, ANDTHEIR MEANING....................................161
2. THE CHIEF PALACES OF THE OTTOMAN PERIOD...................................163
3. TOPKAPI PALACE AND ITS FUNCTIONS {SARAY-1 JADiD-i AMiRAH).......................165
3.1 A General Look at Topkapi Palace...........................................1S5
3.2 The Outer Palace (BTrun) — the First and Second Courts.....................166
3.3 The Inner Palace (Enderun) and the Question of the Court Pages (Babu s-
Sa ade)....................................................................
3.3.1 The Inner Palace (Enderun)................................................
3.3.2 The Officials Who Worked in the Inner Palace, and Misrepresentations of the
Court Pages (igoglan)............................................. 174
3.3.2.1 Distortions of the Words Meanings............................ 174
3.3.2.2 The court pages are a subject about which has been much uninformed
discussion..............
FOREWORD AND CONTENTS
9
4. THE HAREM (THE SULTAN S RESIDENCE)....................................... 185
5. THE INHABITANTS OF THE HAREM.................................................203
5.1 Not All Female Slaves Were Concubines..................................203
5.1.1 Female Slaves Employed as Domestic Servants, under the Supervision of the
Hazmedar Usta.........................................................205
5.1.2 Female Slaves Who Had the Status of Wives or Those over Whom the Master Had
Rights of Concubinage.................................................209
5.2 The Male Staff of the Harem.......................................... 211
5.2.1 The Eunuchs — Introduction............................................211
5.2.2 The Eunuchs...........................................................212
5.2.3 The Chief Eunuch (Kizlar Aghasi)......................................216
5.2.4 The Other Eunuchs of the Harem........................................218
5.2.5 The Intervention of the Chief Eunuchs in Matters of State.............219
5.3 The Organization of Female Slaves in the Harem: Jariye, Kalfa, and Usta
(Gedikfi Jariye)........................................................220
5.3.1 The Palace Jariyes....................................................220
5.3.2 The Novices ( acemT) and Their Acquisition............................221
5.3.3 The Numbers and Duties of the Jariyes.................................224
5.3.4 The Kalfas and Their Duties and Release...............................227
5.3.5 The Hunkar Kalfas.....................................................230
5.3.6 Miscellaneous Matters Concerning the Jariyes..........................233
5.4 The Sultan s Family: His Mother, Wives, Daughters, Concubines; the Princes,
Their Wives and Concubines..............................................234
5.4.1 The Chief Woman of the Harem, the Sultan s Mother.....................235
5.4.2 The Sultans Wives and Concubines: Kadinefendi, Iqbal, Gozde, Peyk, and Odahk. 236
5.4.2.1 Sultans Wives Before Mehmed the Conqueror...................... 237
5.4.2.2 The Sultans Wives from the Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror.........238
5.4.2.2.1 The Legal Basis of Concubinage and Status of Concubines.....238
5.4.2.2.2 The Reasons the Ottoman Sultans from Mehmed II Chose Slave-
Concubines rather than Free Wives...........................241
5.4.2.23 The Slave-Concubines Regarded As Sultans Wives: Kadmefendis.243
5.4.2.2.4 Iqbal.......................................................248
5.4.2.2.5 Gozde, Peyk, and Has Odahk..................................249
5.4.3 The Princes Consorts (Harem).........................................250
5.4.4 The Sultans Daughters: Sultan Efendis................................251
6. THE WIVES AND CHILDREN OF THE SULTANS FROM THE TIME OF MEHMED THE
CONQUEROR....................................................................257
7. HAREM LIFE: ENTERTAINMENTS AND CEREMONIAL....................................258
7.2 Misrepresentations.....................................................258
7.2 The Private Life of the Harem and Family Gatherings....................260
7.3 Excursions and Entertainments..........................................262
10
SLAVERY IN ISLAMIC LAW AND OTTOMAN HAREM
PART SIX
A GOVERNESS S MEMOIRS OF THE HAREM AN ABRIDGEMENT OF SAFiYE UNUVAR S SARAY HATIRALARIM (MY MEMORIES OF THE HAREM)
1. WHY THESE MEMOIRS ARE INCLUDED...........................................267
2. MY MEMORIES OF THE HAREM ...............................................268
2.1 The Reason I wrote These Memoirs....................................268
2.2 Join the Harem......................................................
2.3 Ytldiz Palace..........................................*............277
2.4 My Duties and First Students........................................27^
2.5 Visits to Sultan Re$ad s Wives......................................2 74
2.5.1 Visit Sc^kadin Kamures Hammefendi...................................274
2.5.2 Our Visit to the Second Wife, Mihrengiz.............................275
2.5.3 Our Visit to the Third Wife, Nazperver..............................275
2.5.4 Our Visit to the Fourth Wife, Dilfirib..............................276
2.6 My Visit to the Sultan s Daughters-in-Law.......................... 276
2.7 The Sultan s Command to My Students..................................277
2.8 Teaching the Holy Qur an.............................................279
2.9 The Qur an Ceremony..................................................279
2.10 My Students and Their Father, Ziyaeddin Efendi.......................283
2.11 Four Days Holiday and Our Outings...................................283
2.12 The Elderly Kalfa Receives Qur an Instruction........................283
2.13 More Princesses......................................................284
2.14 Sultan Re§ad Receives Me.............................................284
2.14.1 The Presentation and Doimabahge Palace............................285
2.14.2 Sultan Re§ad .....................................................287
2.15 Sultan Re$ad s Operation........................................... 290
2.16 The Deaths of Sultan Hamid and Sultan Re§ad........................ 291
2.17 The Sultan s Wives, Sons, Daughters, and Daughters-in-Law............291
2.18 The Princesses (Sultan Efendiler)....................................294
2.19 The $ehzades (Princes ) Wives.......................................294
2.20 Hamm Sultans and Beyzades........................................... 295
2.21 New Year Celebrations at Court.......................................295
2.22 The Hazmedar Ustas and Hazmedar Kalfas...............................295
2.23 The Hunkar Kalfas................................................... 2Q7
FOREWORD AND CONTENTS
11
2.24 Newcomers to the Harem................................................ 298
2.25 Medicaments Made in the Harem...........................................298
2.26 The Sick................................................................299
2.27 Entering the Harem and Receiving Guests.................................299
2.28 Visit to the Mantle of the Prophet (PBUH)...............................300
2.29 Musical Evenings in the Harem...........................................300
2.30 How Coffee Was Served in the Harem......................................301
2.31 The Senior Kalfas Duties...............................................301
2.32 Some Harem Customs and Entertainments...................................302
2.33 Surre Alayi ...........................................................303
2.34 The Congratulation Ceremony in Dofmabahge Palace..................304
2.34.1 The Historical Throne.................................................304
2.34.2 In the barem..........................................................305
2.34.3 Going to Watch the Ceremony...........................................305
2.34.4 The Chief Coffee-Maker................................................305
2.34.5 The Marks of Office of the Sultan s Coffee-Makers.....................305
2.34.6 The Ambassadors7 Wives.............................................. 306
2.34.7 Congratulating the Sultan s Wives on the Bayram.......................306
2.35 Holy Nights and Mawlid Recited in the Sultan s Presence.................308
2.36 The Sacrificial Animals.................................................308
2.37 My Meeting With Sultan Vahideddin, the Last Sultan......................309
PART SEVEN
QUESTIONS ABOUT SLAVERY AND THE HAREM, AND THEIR ANSWERS
1 It is said that some of the Harem women wrote love letters to the Sultans or notables, and that they wrote love letters to the Harem women. Is this
true?............................................................311
2 What do you say about assertions that the female slaves bathed naked in
the pools in the Harem gardens, and that the Sultans frolicked with them in baths of milk?...................................................313
3 Is it permissible for their masters to look on those parts of female slaves
bodies, which have to be covered? Writers who claim the slaves bathed naked give this as the reason. Can you explain the matter in the light of the books of Islamic law?............................................315
4 We have heard that gold and silver dishes were used in Topkapi Palace and
the Harem, yet this is forbidden according to religion. How can you explain this?............................................................316
5 Why did the Ottoman Sultans take concubines as wives when there were
12
SLAVERY IN ISLAMIC LAW AND OTTOMAN HAREM
free women available, although the Qur an does not permit this?.317
6 Can you give a brief summary of Murad Bardakgi s criticisms of your book
The Ottoman Harem, and your answers to them?................318
REFERENCES........................................................... 325
1. ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS ABOUT HAREM...................................325
2. SOME PERIODICALS.................................................325
3. BOOKS AND ARTICLES...............................................326
INDEX..................................................................339
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Akgündüz, Ahmed 1955- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103289267 |
| author_facet | Akgündüz, Ahmed 1955- |
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| author_sort | Akgündüz, Ahmed 1955- |
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| bvnumber | BV042754088 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
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| callnumber-sort | HQ 3281 |
| callnumber-subject | HQ - Family, Marriage, Women |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)934144468 (DE-599)BVBBV042754088 |
| dewey-full | 306.36209561 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 306 - Culture and institutions |
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| dewey-sort | 3306.36209561 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Türkei Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Naher Osten Osmanisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV042754088 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:08:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789491898068 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028184782 |
| oclc_num | 934144468 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 |
| physical | 361 Seiten illustrations, facsimiles, maps 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | IUR Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Akgündüz, Ahmed 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)103289267 aut İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law Ahmet Akgunduz The male and female slavery in Islamic law Rotterdam IUR Press 2015 361 Seiten illustrations, facsimiles, maps 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (pages [325]-338) and index Translation of: İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem Slavery and Islam / Turkey / History Slavery (Islamic law) Harems / Turkey Geschichte Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Harem (DE-588)4159110-0 gnd rswk-swf Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd rswk-swf Sklave (DE-588)4055252-4 gnd rswk-swf Sklavin (DE-588)4204353-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Mann (DE-588)4037363-0 gnd rswk-swf Sultan (DE-588)4209235-8 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd rswk-swf Türkei Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 s Sklavin (DE-588)4204353-0 s Harem (DE-588)4159110-0 s DE-604 Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 s Sultan (DE-588)4209235-8 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s Mann (DE-588)4037363-0 s Sklave (DE-588)4055252-4 s Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028184782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Akgündüz, Ahmed 1955- Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law Slavery and Islam / Turkey / History Slavery (Islamic law) Harems / Turkey Geschichte Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Harem (DE-588)4159110-0 gnd Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd Sklave (DE-588)4055252-4 gnd Sklavin (DE-588)4204353-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Mann (DE-588)4037363-0 gnd Sultan (DE-588)4209235-8 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4048737-4 (DE-588)4159110-0 (DE-588)4055260-3 (DE-588)4055252-4 (DE-588)4204353-0 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4037363-0 (DE-588)4209235-8 (DE-588)4077575-6 (DE-588)4068878-1 (DE-588)4075720-1 |
| title | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law |
| title_alt | İslâm hukukunda kölelik-câriyelik müessesesi ve Osmanlı'da harem The male and female slavery in Islamic law |
| title_auth | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law |
| title_exact_search | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law |
| title_full | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law Ahmet Akgunduz |
| title_fullStr | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law Ahmet Akgunduz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ottoman ḫarem the male and female slavery in Islamic law Ahmet Akgunduz |
| title_short | Ottoman ḫarem |
| title_sort | ottoman harem the male and female slavery in islamic law |
| title_sub | the male and female slavery in Islamic law |
| topic | Slavery and Islam / Turkey / History Slavery (Islamic law) Harems / Turkey Geschichte Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd Harem (DE-588)4159110-0 gnd Sklaverei (DE-588)4055260-3 gnd Sklave (DE-588)4055252-4 gnd Sklavin (DE-588)4204353-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Mann (DE-588)4037363-0 gnd Sultan (DE-588)4209235-8 gnd Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Slavery and Islam / Turkey / History Slavery (Islamic law) Harems / Turkey Geschichte Frau Islam Recht Harem Sklaverei Sklave Sklavin Mann Sultan Soziale Situation Türkei Naher Osten Osmanisches Reich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028184782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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