Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo):
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Rzeszów
Oficyna Wydawnicza "Zimowit"
2014
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| Schriftenreihe: | Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis
32 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 200 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 30 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788376671833 |
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| adam_text | SPIS TRESCI
1. Zagadnienia wst^pne ...................................................................... 11
1.1. Zakres pracy i kryteria doboru zbiorów archeoichtiologicznych ........................... 12
1.1.1. Zakres przestrzenny............................................................... 12
1.1.2.1. Zakres chronologiczny ..................................................... 13
1.1.3. Kryteria doboru zbiorów archeoichtiologicznych................................ 14
1.2. Stan badari nad uwarunkowaniami srodowiskowymi i kulturowymi rybolówstwa streíy nadbal-
tyckiej w V-IV tys. BC................................................................... 15
1.3. Cel pracy ............................................................................... 18
1.4. Warunki klimatyczne i hydrologiczne strefy nadbaltyckiej w V-IV tys. BC.................. 18
1.4.1. Klimat okresu atlantyckiego i subborealnego................................... 19
1.4.2. Dynamika zmian sieci wód sródl^dowych............................................. 19
1.4.3. Morze Litorynowe ................................................................. 20
1.5. Kontekst archeologiczny.................................................................. 22
2. Podstawy metodyczne badan archeoichtiologicznych.......................................... 24
2.1. Identyfikacja gatunkowa.................................................................. 24
2.2. Sklad anatomiczny........................................................................ 27
2.3. Rekonstrukcja dlugosci calkowitej i masy ................................................ 29
2.4. Sezon smierci ryb........................................................................ 35
2.5. Analiza przestrzenna i stratygraficzna .................................................. 37
3. Charakterystyka kontekstowo-tafonomiczna oraz wyniki badan materialów archeoichtiologicznych ze stanowiska 9 w D^bkach ............................................................... 45
3.1. Zbiór standardowy........................................................................ 48
3.1.1. Identyfikacja gatunkowa........................................................... 49
3.1.2. Sklad anatomiczny................................................................. 51
3.1.3. Díugosc calkowita i masa ryb...................................................... 51
3.1.4. Sezon smierci (poíowu) ryb ....................................................... 60
3.2. Dañe archeoichtiologiczne w ukladach przestrzennych i stratygraficznych.................. 60
3.2.1. Strefa brzegowa................................................................... 62
3.2.1.1. Identyfikacja gatunkowa.................................................... 64
3.2.1.2. Sklad anatomiczny.......................................................... 69
3.2.1.3. Rekonstrukcja dlugosci calkowitej i masy .................................. 69
3.2.2. Strefa torfowiskowa .............................................................. 70
3.2.2.1. Identyfikacja gatunkowa.................................................... 70
3.2.2.2. Sklad anatomiczny.......................................................... 73
3.2.2.3. Rekonstrukcja dlugosci calkowitej i masy .................................. 77
5
3.2.3. Analiza porównawcza ............................................................ 88
4. Charakterystyka kontekstowo-tafonomiczna oraz dañe archeoichtiologiczne z pozostalych sta-
nowisk strefy nadbaltyckiej................................................................ 90
4.1. Stanowiska mezolityczno-neolityczne strefy zachodniobaltyckiej ....................... 90
4.1.1. Skateholm I i II ............................................................... 90
4.1.2. Ertebolle....................................................................... 97
4.1.3. Krabbesholm II.................................................................. 99
4.1.4. LystrupEnge .................................................................... 102
4.1.5. Ringkloster..................................................................... 103
4.1.6. Schlamersdorf, stan. 5 ......................................................... 105
4.1.7. Heidmoor i Oldesloe-Wolkenwehe ................................................. 106
4.2. Stanowiska neolityczne strefy zachodniobaltyckiej i poludniowobaltyckiej........... 107
4.2.1. Brzesc Kujawski, stan. 3........................................................ 107
4.2.2. Oslonki, stan. 1 ............................................................... 108
4.2.3. Anneberg........................................................................ 109
4.2.4. Bistoft, stan. 11 ............................................................... HO
4.2.5. Siggeneben-Süd, stan. 12........................................................ 110
4.2.6. Niedergörne..................................................................... 111
4.2.7. Högmossen, Fräkenrönningen i Södra Mártsbo ..................................... 112
4.3. Stanowiska paraneolityczne strefy wschodniobaltyckiej ................................ 115
4.3.1. Mszano, stan. 14 ............................................................... 115
4.3.2. Dudka, stan. 1 ................................................................. 116
4.3.3. Szczepanki, stan. 8 ............................................................ 117
4.3.4. Sventoji, stan. 1B, 2B, 3B, 4, 23 i 26 ...................................... 120
4.3.5. Zvidze i Osa.................................................................... 125
4.3.6. Riigiküla I-IV, Kudruküla, Kaseküla i Tamula................................. 127
5. Srodowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybotówstwa w V-IV tys. BC.......................... 131
5.1. Wplyw ekosystemu...................................................................... 132
5.2. Sezonowosc............................................................................ 136
5.3. Metody i narz^dzia stosowane w ryboíówstwie.......................................... 138
5.4. Udziat rybotówstwa w cyklu zaj^c calorocznycb oraz konsumpcja mi^sa ryb .............. 143
Podsumowanie ................................................................................. 149
Literatura ................................................................................... 151
Éródla internetowe ........................................................................... 161
Summary....................................................................................... 162
Wykaztabel ................................................................................... 167
Wykazrycin.................................................................................... 171
Aneks 1. D^bki, stan. 9, woj. zachodniopomorskie. Szczególowy katalog kontekstowy materialów
archeoichtiologicznych..................................................................... 177
Aneks 2. Katalog kontekstowy zbiorów archeoichtiologicznych................................... 194
Aneks 3. Katalog materialów archeologicznych.................................................. 199
6
CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................................................................................... 11
1.1. Scope of work and criteria for selecting archaeoichthyological assemblages................. 12
1.1.1. Area of study....................................................................... 12
1.1.2. Chronological range................................................................. 13
1.1.3. Criteria for selecting archaeoichthyological assemblages............................ 14
1.2. State of research on environmental and cultural conditions of fishery in the Baltic region from
5th_4th millennia BC....................................................................... 15
1.3. The aim of the study ...................................................................... 18
1.4. Climatic and environmental conditions of the Baltic region from 5th-4th millennia BC.... 18
1.4.1. The climate during the Atlantic and Sub Boreal periods ............................. 19
1.4.2. Dynamic of changes in network of inland watercourses................................ 19
1.4.3. LittorinaSea........................................................................ 20
1.5. The archaeological context................................................................. 22
2. The methodological basis of the archaeoichthyological analysis................................. 24
2.1. Species composition....................................................................... 24
2.2. Skeletal elements representation ......................................................... 27
2.3. Reconstruction of total length and weight ................................................ 29
2.4. Seasonality of death of fish.............................................................. 35
2.5. Spatial and stratigraphic analysis........................................................ 37
3. Contextual and taphonomic study, and results of analysis of fish remains from Site 9 in
D^bki........................................................................................... 45
3.1. Standard assemblage ....................................................................... 48
3.1.1. Species composition................................................................. 49
3.1.2. Skeletal elements representation.................................................... 51
3.1.3. Reconstruction of total length and weight ....................................... 51
3.1.4. Seasonality of death/catch of fish.................................................. 60
3.2. Archaeoichthyological data in spatial and stratigraphic context............................ 60
3.2.1. Coastal zone........................................................................ 62
3.2.1.1. Species composition.......................................................... 64
3.2.1.2. Skeletal elements representation ............................................ 69
3.2.1.3. Reconstruction of total length and weight................................. 69
3.2.2. Peat bog zone....................................................................... 70
3.2.2.1. Species composition.......................................................... 70
3.2.2.2. Skeletal elements representation ............................................ 73
3.2.2.3. Reconstruction of total length and weight................................. 77
7
3.2.3. Comparative analysis............................................................. 88
4. Contextual and taphonomic study, and archaeoichthyological data from other sites of the Baltic
region....................................................................................... 90
4.1. Mesolithic-Neolithic sites of the west Baltic region.................................... 90
4.1.1. Skateholm I and II .............................................................. 90
4.1.2. Ertebolle........................................................................ 97
4.1.3. Krabbesholm II................................................................... 99
4.1.4. Lystrup Enge ................................................................... 102
4.1.5. Ringkloster..................................................................... 103
4.1.6. Schlamersdorf, Site 5 .......................................................... 105
4.1.7. Heidmoor and Oldesloe-Wolkenwehe................................................ 106
4.2. Neolithic sites of the west and south Baltic regions................................... 107
4.2.1. Brzesc Kujawski, Site 3......................................................... 107
4.2.2. Oslonki, Site 1 ................................................................ 108
4.2.3. Anneberg........................................................................ 109
4.2.4. Bistoft, Site 11 ............................................................... 110
4.2.5. Siggeneben-Süd, Site 12......................................................... 110
4.2.6. Niedergörne..................................................................... Ill
4.2.7. Högmossen, Fräkenrönningen and Södra Märtsbo.................................... 112
4.3. Paraneolithic sites of the east Baltic region.......................................... 115
4.3.1. Mszano, Site 14................................................................. 115
4.3.2. Dudka, Site 1 .................................................................. 116
4.3.3. Szczepanki, Site 8 ............................................................. 117
4.3.4. Sventoji, Site IB, 2B, 3B, 4, 23 i 26 ....................................... 120
4.3.5. Zvidze and Osa ................................................................. 125
4.3.6. Riigiküla I-IV, Kudruküla, Kaseküla and Tamula.................................. 127
5. Environmental and cultural conditions of fishery from millennia BC....................... 131
5.1. The impact of the ecosystem............................................................ 132
5.2. Seasonality............................................................................ 136
5.3. Methods and tools used in fishery...................................................... 138
5.4. The importance of consumption of fish and fishery in subsistence economy............... 143
Conclusions.................................................................................... 149
Bibliography................................................................................... 151
Web resources ................................................................................. 161
Summary........................................................................................ 162
Listoftables................................................................................... 167
List of figures................................................................................ 171
Appendix 1. D^bki, Site 9, zachodniopomorskie province. Database of fish remains............... 177
Appendix 2. Database of fish remains........................................................... 194
Appendix 3. Database of archaeological material................................................ 199
8
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
The book is based on the analysis of an archaeoich-thyological assemblage from the archaeological excavations at Site 9 in Dqbki (Darlowo municipality, West Pomerania province, Poland), run as a part of the international research project: „Cultural development of the areas on both sides of the Odra river during Late Glacial and Early Holocene” from 2004 to 2005. The reference data for the study was taken from previously published literature on fish remains from selected archaeological sites from the Baltic region. These sites were chosen according to the following criteria:
a) They were located in the Baltic region, including the Scandinavian Peninsula, North European Plain, and Eastern European - Belarusian Plain. The sites were inland settlements, not further south than the reach of Leszno (Brandenburg) phase of Vistulian glaciations, and coastal settlements, separated from the sea with various coastal landforms in the period of the Littorina transgressions;
b) The dating of assemblages approximately corresponded to the dating of material from Dqbki (5100-3600 cal BC). The sites were dated, predominately by a series of radiocarbon dates, from the 5th to 4th millennia BC that is the late Atlantic Period and the early phase of the Sub Boreal. In the case of the sites with prolonged chronology, however, the reference base was extended with samples dated to the second half of the 6th and 3rd millennia BC;
c) The ichthyological material was obtained by sieving or floating of the sediment;
d) The number of fish remains exceeded 200 specimens per assemblage. It would be incommensurable to compare the rich assemblage from Dqbki with much smaller assemblages.
These criteria were formulated on the basis of contextual, environmental and archaeological data, as well as the quantity of the assemblage from D^bki and methods of recovery. The research showed, however, that the criteria are not always possible to meet. In the case of the east Baltic region there were no available samples that met all of them.
The main aim of the study is to analyse the fishery practiced by the habitants of the settlement in D^bki, and its environmental and cultural conditions. The most substantial aspects addressed in the paper concerned the location and seasonality of fishery, techniques and implements used, and the significance of fishery as a subsistence strategy that aimed to provide animal fat and protein throughout the year. The study explored fishery as a way of exploitation of the environment, and a part of the economy for the majority of the communities occupying the Baltic region in 5th-4tK millennia BC. The focus is set on the environmental and cultural factors that influenced the fishery and differences in fishing practice in the particular regions inhabited by communities of divergent cultural traditions.
Taking into consideration the geographical location of sites and contemporary cultural context of the Baltic region, the fish bone assemblages have been grouped into three clusters: a) Mesolithic-Neolithic sites of the west and south Baltic regions, b) Neolithic sites of the west and south Baltic regions, c) Paraneolithic sites of the east Baltic region.
The first group consisted of fish remains recovered from ten sites, which is site 9 in Dqbki, inhabited successively by post-Maglemose communities and groups of the early Funnel Beaker (TRB), and nine Erte-bolle sites from present-day southern Sweden (Skate-holm I and II), Denmark (Ertebolle, Krabbesholm II, Lystrup Enge, Ringkloster), and north Germany (site
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5 in Schlamersdorf, Heidmoor, and Oldesloe-Wolk-enwehe).
The second group includeed samples of fish remains from excavations at two sites from the Lengel culture in the Kuyavia province of Poland (Site 3 in Brzesc Ku-jawski, Site 1 in Oslonki), four TRB sites located on the east coast of central Sweden (Anneberg) and northern Germany (Site 11 in Bistoft, Site 12 in Siggeneben-Siid, Niedergorne), and three sites of the Pitted Ware culture on the east coast of central Sweden (Hogmossen, Frakenronningen, and Sodra Martsbo).
The third group comprised assemblages of fish remains from the Zedmar, Narva, and Pitted-Comb Ware cultures sites of northeast Poland (Site 14 in Mszano, Site 1 in Dudka, Site 8 in Szczepanki), northern Lithuania (Sites IB, 2B, 3B, 4,23, and 26 in Sventoji), Lativa (Zvidze and Osa) and Estonia (Riigikula I-IV, Kudruku-la, Kasekiila, and Tamula).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
As mentioned, the book discusses the fishery in the Baltic region, with a focus on the analysis of fish remains from the settlement in D^bki, Site 9, recovered from 2004 to 2005. The site is located on the plains of the Stowihskie shore, in the Koszaliriskie coastland, approximately 1,5 km southeast of the present-day coastline of the Baltic Sea, and 800 meters northeast from Bu-kowo Lake. It is situated on the edge of a sandy promontory, several hundred meters in length, surrounded by peat bogs, in close proximity to the watercourse called Nowy Row, one of the drains of the Grabowa River, that flowed to the previously mentioned forebay. In prehistory, the settlement was approximately 3-4 km from the contemporary Littorina Sea coastline, on the shore of a lake island, which was terrestrialised presumably at the end of Atlantic geological period.
During the excavations from 2004 to 2005 fish remains along other finds were recovered with extraordinary precise techniques. The trenches were split into square meter units, which were also divided into quarters (a to d), and excavated by 5 cm thick spits. All of the excavated sediment from the site had been water sieved by sieves with mesh sizes ranging from 0,4-0,8 cm that were used for the unit quarters c, and sieves with 0,5-1 cm mesh that were used for the remaining quarters.
The stratigraphy of a 20 meters long section in the northern part of the site allowed the fish remains to be delineated to three zones: a) the settlement (habitation
zone); b) prehistoric lake shore (habitation/coastal zone); c) the lake (present day peat bog).
Due to the extraordinary abundance of fish remains identified in the peat bog zone, the fish remains either in every meter or quarter were sampled. Only the samples that fitted to the statistical analysis were analysed. Fish remains from the habitation zone were, however, very scarce (42 specimens) and did not constitute a statistically relevant sample. To improve the statistical representativeness of the sample, it was combined with the assemblage from the habitation/coastal zone (1234 specimens), referred to later in the text as an assemblage from the coastal zone.
Fish remains from Dqbki were analysed by light microscopy, following the procedures described in R. W. Casteel (1976), and A. Wheeler and A. K. G. Jones (1989). The first stage of the analysis included identification of the species and skeletal elements of the subfossil specimens using the modern reference skeletons of known taxon. The reference collections used were provided by the Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, and the Museum of Zoology in Copenhagen*. These reference specimens were also to determine the Total Length (TL).
The biometry of the specimens followed guidelines from A. Morales and K. Rosenlund (1979), D. C. Brinkhuizen (1989), and I. B. Enghoff (1994), but the state of preservation of bones in the analysed assemblage was the basis to define several new measurements. The obtained metric data was used to assess the TL of the identified species according to method of proportions (R. W. Casteel 1976: 104-117), andl.B. Enghoff s (1994) regression equations for the European eel. The author derived new regression equations for pike, common bream, European perch and zander.
The next methodological procedure was assessing the approximate weight of the individuals, based on the reconstructed TL. This exercise was based on the data derived from the reference collection at the Institute of Archaeology NCU, relevant graphs from D. C. Brinkhuizen (1989) and information included in ichthyological manuals (M. Brylinska 1986; H. Rolin and
J.M. Rembiszewski 1987).
Seasonality of death/catch was based predominately on ecological studies as well as life history and habi-
* The analyses used the latter reference collection were possible to perform due to the support of SYNTHESYS Project http:// www.synthesys.info/, funded by European Community Research Infrastructure Action, under the FP7 “Capacities” Program.
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tat use of particular species of fish. In the case of pike, zander, and European perch, the season of catch was also determined using the annual growth rings on specific vertebrae.
The results of the analysis have been considered in the spatial context of the site at Dqbki, as described above.
SPECIES AND SKELETAL ELEMENTS REPRESENTATION OF FISH REMAINS IN D^BKI, SITE 9
The assemblage from D^bki consisted of 27 748 elements, of which 21 552 (78%) were identified. In the assemblage 18 taxa of fish were identified. The cypri-nid family was the most abundant and nine species were identified. Alongside cyprinids, remains of perc-ids were also common, consisting of 16% of the assemblage. This taxon was represented by two species at the site - European perch and zander. The other present fish families, Esocidae, Anguillidae, Siluruidae, and Ga-didae, were represented by pike, European eel, wels catfish, and burbot respectively. The remains of fish from the Salmo and Salmonidae families were recorded, and were assumed to be the remains of Atlantic salmon, or brown/sea trout (Salmo trutta morphafario, Salmo trutta morpha lacustris, or Salmo trutta morpha trutta), based on their osteometry, as well as habitat use and life history throughout modern-day Poland.
From the coastal zone 1289 specimens were analysed, approximately 90% (1158) were identified. The peat bog assemblage consisted of 26 459 elements, about 77% (20 394) were identified. In the coastal zone 11 fish taxa were recorded, and in the peat bog the number of taxa was 12.
Despite the abundance of cyprinids in all three assemblages from Dqbki, their frequency in the material from the coastal zone was 20% lower than the other zones. The frequency of zander representation in this zone was 17% higher than in any other zone, and this is the only zone where zander was recorded more often than pike and perch. Remains of wels catfish and Salmo sp. were not present in the coastal zone, and European eel was represented by one vertebra. This is the only zone on the site where remains of barbot were recorded.
Body part representation of the assemblage from the coastal zone was dominated by vertebrae. The scarce cranial elements were assigned mostly to small individu-
als of zander, cyprinids and pike. In other assemblages, apart from vertebrae, there was a high ratio of cranial fragments and the anterior zonoskeleton, predominately of cyprinids, European perch, zander and pike. The assemblage from the coastal zone comprised more remains from large individuals of all present species.
Environmental and cultural conditions of fishery
The analysed data showed that in particular regions of the Baltic zone, the range of caught fish species varied immensely, which seemed to be conditioned rather by environmental than cultural factors. Fishery was the basic form of exploitation of aquatic resources, and a main source of fats and proteins in the local communities’ economy. Fishery was affected by several environmental factors, including: a) types of reservoirs and watercourses in proximity of the settlements, b) the abundance of nutrients in their ecosystems, c) the species composition of the fish fauna, and d) the life cycle of particular species. Among the cultural factors that affected the fishery, it is important to take into consideration the technological development of the prehistoric communities of the studied area. The most important factors are the abilities and know-how required to create the proper tools, and skills to use them efficiently. The efficiency of their use was dependant on the knowledge of habitats, foraging habits, and reproductive migrations of fish species. The significance of fishery as a whole year activity and the importance of fish protein in the diet of particular communities of the Baltic region was also dependant on accessibility, or lack, of other sources of meat.
The assemblages from inland sites, located near rivers and lakes, such as the following sites at D^bki, Ringkloster, Schlamersdorf, Heidmoor, Oldesloe-Wol-kenwehe, Brzesc Kujawski, Oslonki, Anneberg, Bistoft, Niedergorne, Mszano, Dudka, Szczepanki, Zvidze, Osa, and Tamula, consisted almost exclusively of the remains from freshwater fish species. Species of migratory fish were recorded at ten of them, including D^bki. Migratory species were represented more numerously in samples from settlements located in the proximity of watercourses, however they never constituted more than 2% of the assemblage. Marine fish were recorded only in the assemblage from Ringkloster, however these could have been brought to the site from elsewhere. Ringkloster is believed to be a seasonal habitation site, inhabited during the spring and summer only. As I. B. Eng-hoff suggested (1998: 104), marine fish were brought to the site by hunterfisher folkk, who were spending
164
other parts of the year on the coast, for example in the nearest coastal settlements of Norsminde, Brabrand, or Horsens Fjord.
The composition of the fish fauna in assemblages from sites located near the coastline was more diverse. Almost all assemblages consisted of taxa of freshwater fish, diadromous fish, and marine fish. The freshwater taxa were the most numerous in the majority of the assemblages and the only group in the assemblage from Riigikiila. The diadromous species constituted the largest group in the assemblages from Krabbesholm II and Frakenronningen, and the marine fish were the most abundant in the material from Lystrup Enge, Siggene-ben-Sud, and Kasekiila. These data indicated that the habitants of the coastal settlements kept exploiting fish resources from all aquatic ecosystems in close proximity, however the fishing was intensified in inland reservoirs and lagoons were the chemical conditions were optimal for survival and development of all groups of the fish species. Information on habitat requirements, reproduction migrations, abundance, and size of the marine fish recorded in assemblages from the coastal sites may indicate that fishing primarily took place in the littoral zone of the sea, or in coastal reservoirs with brackish water. Intensified fishing practices in those aquatic zones was presumably the deliberate action and choice of habitants of the settlements such as at Dqbki, Skateholm I and II, Ertebolle, Hogmossen, Sodra Martsbo, and Sventoji, based on the high diversity of species and abundance of fish in fresh and brackish waters. The knowledge and conditions of reproduction of particular species allowed taking advantage of the breeding season and acquiring more resources with reduced effort.
The results of the study showed that in majority of the communities of the Baltic region from the 5th to 4th millennia BC the fishery was carried out throughout most seasons of the year. In the majority of the analysed assemblages, the most abundant are the remains of fish with breading seasons from the early spring to summer, such as pike, cyprinids, percids, three-spined stickleback, gadids, pleuronectids, and bothids. The exception here is the assemblage from the shell midden at Krabbesholm II, where the most represented species was the European eel, fished presumably during the colder periods of the year. The species active throughout the autumn-winter season were absent in the assemblages from Ringkloster, Heidmoor, Oldesloe-Wolkenwe-he, Brzesc Kujawski, Oslonki, Sventoji 26, Zvidze, Ri-
igiikula, and Tamula. In Mszano, remains of European eel were recorded only in the sample dated to transition between Atlantic and Sub Boreal periods, and in Dudka, Szczepanki, and Osa, in the sample dated to the Sub Boreal.
The observed inter-site differences were caused plausibly by the course of economic activities throughout the year. Their individual stages are possible to explore when the analysis of mammal and bird remains from those sites are taken into consideration. For example, on the basis of the archaeozoological analysis of remains from Ringkloster and Sventoji it can be assumed that these settlements were inhabited seasonally. The composition of species from Brzesc Kujawski suggested that fishery was one of the stages on the annual agenda of activities of the farming communities. Whereas the lack or low ratio of species active during the colder periods of the year in the assemblages from Zvidze, Osa, Riigukula I—III, and Tamula, can be, at least partly, caused by recovery bias. Material from these sites was hand-collected, which could easily have caused overlooking of especially small skeletal remains of e.g. European eel or common whitefish, which, in contrast, are present in a sieved assemblage from Kasekiila. Factors, however, which most probably had the largest impact on the composition of fish species from sites in the Baltic region, as well as the seasonality of catch/ occupation, were the local environmental factors and the range of occurrence of particular species.
The gathered archaeological data suggested that almost everywhere in the Baltic region during the late Atlantic and Sub Boreal periods, the similar forms of implements, particularly the stationary fish trap were used. Based on the abundance of remains and large variation of TL in the assemblages, including Dabki, it can be assumed that the methods of catching fish in bulk were used most often. These methods aimed to catch as many fish as possible, with no regard to their size or weight. In the case of the recorded archaeological finds, in the west and south Baltic regions the most widely used fish traps were fishing weirs and other traps, whereas in east Baltic region finds of weights and floats, suggest that using seine nets was more common.
CONCLUSION
The book did not exhaust the subject of fishery in D^bki and other settlements throughout the Baltic region from the 5th to 4th millennia BC; however, it was
165
not its aim, because it was based on the analysis of fish aspects of fishery, interpreted as a deliberate and selec-remains deriving from certain archaeological contexts, tive method of exploitation of the aquatic fauna, and On this basis, the study discussed the most important the element of human subsistence economy.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zabilska-Kunek, Mirosława 1984- |
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| author_sort | Zabilska-Kunek, Mirosława 1984- |
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| era | Geschichte 6000 v.Chr. - 3000 v.Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 6000 v.Chr. - 3000 v.Chr. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ostseeküste (DE-588)4075760-2 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ostseeküste Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV042737444 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:08:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376671833 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028168374 |
| oclc_num | 950695214 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 200 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 30 cm |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Oficyna Wydawnicza "Zimowit" |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis |
| series2 | Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis |
| spelling | Zabilska-Kunek, Mirosława 1984- Verfasser (DE-588)1077587767 aut Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek ; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego Rzeszów Oficyna Wydawnicza "Zimowit" 2014 200 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis 32 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte 6000 v.Chr. - 3000 v.Chr. gnd rswk-swf Fischfang (DE-588)4154473-0 gnd rswk-swf Ostseeküste (DE-588)4075760-2 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Ostseeküste (DE-588)4075760-2 g Fischfang (DE-588)4154473-0 s Geschichte 6000 v.Chr. - 3000 v.Chr. z DE-604 Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis 32 (DE-604)BV035202175 32 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028168374&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028168374&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zabilska-Kunek, Mirosława 1984- Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis Fischfang (DE-588)4154473-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4154473-0 (DE-588)4075760-2 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) |
| title_auth | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) |
| title_exact_search | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) |
| title_full | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek ; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego |
| title_fullStr | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek ; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego |
| title_full_unstemmed | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek ; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego |
| title_short | Środowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybołówstwa ludów wybrzeży Bałtyku w V-IV tysiącleciu przed Chrystusem na przykładzie osady w Dąbkach, stan. 9 (gm. Darłowo) |
| title_sort | srodowiskowe i kulturowe uwarunkowania rybolowstwa ludow wybrzezy baltyku w v iv tysiacleciu przed chrystusem na przykladzie osady w dabkach stan 9 gm darlowo |
| topic | Fischfang (DE-588)4154473-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fischfang Ostseeküste Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028168374&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028168374&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035202175 |
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