Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount: new approaches to a classical text
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tübingen
Mohr Siebeck
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
351 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXXI, 703 S. |
| ISBN: | 9783161541025 |
Internformat
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE V
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXVII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: ENIGMAS OF THE SERMON
ON THE MOUNT AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM L
1.1 PARABLES IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 3
1.1.1 A NEGLECTED FEATURE IN NEW TESTAMENT SCHOLARSHIP 5
1.1.2 PARABLES IN RECENT RESEARCH 8
1.1.2.1 CATEGORIES AND THEIR RELATION TO JEWISH *
LL
7W0
AND HELLENISTIC RHETORIC 8
1.1.2.1.1 THE SO-CALLED MARBURG SCHOOL AND ITS CRITICS 10
1.1.2.2 JIILICHER AND THE RECENT DISCUSSION
ON METAPHORS/METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 13
1.1.2.2.1 TROPES AND OTHER FIGURES OF SPEECH
IN THE MORE BASIC RHETORICAL ARGUMENTATION 14
1.1.2.3
THE PARABLES AS ARGUMENTATION AND
THE TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS 16
1.1.2.3.1 THE PATH BETWEEN ONE-POINT APPROACH
AND MULTIPLE MEANING 17
1.1.2.3.2 TWO
TYPES OF ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION 18
1.1.2.4 THE PARABLE AND THE FRAME 19
1.1.2.5 SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES 20
1.1.3 PARABLES COMPARED WITH OTHER FORMS OF SAYINGS
IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 21
1.1.3.1 FOCUS ON APHORISMS, WISDOM EXHORTATIONS
( MAHNWORTE ) AND LARGER UNITS 21
1.2 RHETORIC IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 23
1.2.1 GENRE OF THE SERMON ON THE
MOUNT 26
1.2.2 THE COMPOSITION OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 28
1.2.2.1 COMPOSITION ACCORDING TO JEWISH-CHRISTIAN PATTERNS 29
1.2.2.2 COMPOSITION ACCORDING TO THEMES,
KEY-TEXTS AND LITERARY SKILLS 29
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1074928652
VM TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.2.2.3 SYMMETRIC AND CHIASTIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMPOSITION 31
1.2.3 THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT AS RHETORICAL COMPOSITION
AND AS DELIBERATIVE SPEECH 32
1.2.3.1 RHETORIC AND THE AUDIENCE 34
1.3 PARABLES AND THE SOURCES OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 35
1.3.1 AN INAUGURAL DISCOURSE AS PRE-TEXT? 36
1.3.1.1 PARABLES AND THE CONTENT OF THE INAUGURAL SPEECH IN Q:
MARK AND THE GOSPEL OF THOMAS AS COMPARISON 37
1.3.2 RECONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE? 39
1.3.3 OPEN QUESTIONS AND CRITERIA FOR THE EVALUATION 41
1.4 PARABLES AND THE QUESTION OF WISDOM VERSUS ESCHATOLOGY 42
CHAPTER 2: RHETORIC AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE
IN THE EXORDIUM 45
2.1 RHETORIC IN THE EXORDIUM 45
2.1.1 THE FUNCTION AND MEANING OF THE NAICAPIOQ-SENTENCES 46
2.2 RHETORIC IN MATTHEW S ADDITIONS 49
2.2.1 THE THREE (FOUR) ADDITIONS IN THE PROTASIS 50
2.2.1.1 MATT 5,8: CLEAN IN HEART (OI
KAOAPOI
XFJ KAPSIQO 50
2.2.1.2 MATT 5,6: HUNGRY AND THIRSTY FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS 51
2.2.1.3 MATT 5,3: POOR IN THE SPIRIT (OI JTI(OXI JTVEUJIOTI) 52
2.2.1.3.1 MATTHEW HAS CORRUPTED THE ORIGINAL MEANING 52
2.2.1.3.2 MATTHEW GIVES THE RIGHT INTERPRETATION 52
2.2.1.3.3 MATTHEW MAKES THE MEANING MORE METAPHORICALLY OPEN 53
2.2.1.3.4 THE MEANING OF POOR 53
2.2.1.3.5 THE MEANING OF SPIRIT AND THE USE OF THE DATIVE 54
2.2.1.3.6 TRADITIONS BEHIND THE EXPRESSION 56
2.2.2 THE THREE (FIVE) ADDITIONS IN THE APODOSIS 57
2.2.2.1 MATT 5,5: THE MEEK SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH
(K
X
TIPOVOHTIOOWOIV TT|V
YIJV) 58
2.2.2.2 MATT 5,9: THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS OF GOD
(UIOI 0EOO KTAIGRIOOVTAI) 59
2.2.2.3 MATT 5,8: THE PURE IN HEART SHALL SEE GOD
(TOV
0EDV 6 |/OVRAI) 59
2.2.2.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 60
2.3 RHETORIC OF MATT 5,11-12: APPLICATION OR PART OF THE PROPOSITION 60
2.4 ARGUMENTATION AND THE TOPOS OF REWARD IN JUDAISM
AND IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 63
2.5 RHETORIC AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 66
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IX
CHAPTER 3: THE
PROPOSITIO
MATT 5,12-20 (5,12.13-16.17-20)....
67
3.1 EXTENT OF THE PROPOSITIO AND POSSIBLE TITLES 67
3.1.1 GENRE AND OUTLINE
OF MATT 5,12-20 69
3.1.1.1 COLLECTION OF METAPHORICAL SAYINGS 70
3.1.1.2 AN OLD TESTAMENT MODEL FOR THE PROPOSITIO
(EXOD 19; DEUT 28) 70
3.1.1.3 STRUCTURED WISDOM SAYINGS 70
3.1.1.4 MATT 5,12-20 AS TRANSITUS AND PROPOSITIO 71
3.1.1.5THE RHETORICAL OUTLINE OF MATT 5,13-16 72
3.1.2 THE COMPOSITION OF MATT 5,12-20 AND SOURCE CRITICISM 72
3.1.2.1 MATT 5,13-16 AND SOURCE CRITICISM 73
3.1.2.2 MATT 5,17-20 74
3.1.2.3 THE PARADIGMS TRADITION PLUS REDACTION
VERSUS OPEN THEORY - RHETORICAL EFFORT 75
3.2 THE PARABLE MATT
5,13 (THE METAPHOR OF SALT ) 76
3.2.1 GENRE AND RHETORICAL FORM 76
3.2.1.1 POSSIBLE TO FIND A PRE-TEXT? 77
3.2.2 EXPLANATIONS THROUGH OTHER SOURCE-THEORIES OR FROM Q 80
3.2.3 SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS: SALT AS REALITY AND AS METAPHOR 80
3.2.3.1 SALT - A POWERFUL PHENOMENON 80
3.2.3.2 SALT HAS MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS 82
3.2.3.3 SALT AS A METAPHOR 83
3.2.3.3.1 SALT AS A NECESSITY, A SYMBOL FOR SOMETHING FUNDAMENTAL... 83
3.2.3.3.2 SALT AS RELIGIOUS SYMBOL 84
3.2.3.3.3 ATTRIBUTES OF SALT AS A METAPHOR 85
3.2.3.3.4 SALT AS A SYMBOL FOR FRIENDSHIP 86
3.2.3.3.5 SALT AS A DISASTER AND SYMBOL FOR JUDGEMENT 87
3.2.4 INTERPRETATION OF MATT 5,13 AS PARABLE 87
3.2.4.1 PERSPECTIVE 87
3.2.4.2 PEOPLE AS SALT 88
3.2.4.2.1 THE EMPHATIC
UHEU
; 88
3.2.4.2.2
COTE
- INDICATIVE OR IMPERATIVE? 89
3.2.4.2.3 THE MEANING OF
TO
FTKAQ 89
3.2.4.2.4
TO
AKAQ TRFE YFJQ: WHAT ON EARTH IS MEANT BY YFJ ? 90
3.2.4.3 A FOOLISH THING: SALT OR NOT SALT, THAT IS THE QUESTION 91
3.2.4.3.1 BECOME STUPID (NCOPAVGRJ) 93
3.2.4.3.2 EV RIVI AXIAGIJAETAI 94
3.2.4.4 TERRIBLE CONSEQUENCE: EXCEPT TO BE THROWN OUT
AND TRAMPLED BY MEN 95
3.2.4.4.1 IT IS NO LONGER GOOD FOR ANYTHING (EU; OUSEV IO/TIEI EN)....
95
3.2.4.4.2 EI NF| PXRIGEV ETFO 96
3.2.4.4.3
TRAMPLED BY MEN
(KATATROREIOGAI
IMO
T 5V
AVGPCBJTTOV)
96
X
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.2.5 AMBIGUOUS METAPHOR AND A CLEAR NARRATIVE 97
3.2.6 THE BASIC MEANING: APPLICATION AND KEYS TO ITS UNDERSTANDING 98
3.3 THE METAPHOR OF LIGHT, MATT 5,14 100
3.3.1 TRADITIONS AND MOTIF-HISTORICAL REMARKS 101
3.3.1.1 JEWISH PARALLELS 101
3.3.1.2 LIGHT AS METAPHOR 102
3.3.2 INTERPRETATION 103
3.3.2.1 TLIE REPETITION: YOU ARE (T NE! ; EOTE) 103
3.3.2.2 THE LIGHT (
TO
PDJ ;) 103
3.3.2.3 OF THE WORLD (
TOU KOOJXOU
) 104
3.3.3 CONCLUSION 105
3.4 THE METAPHOR OF THE CITY ON THE MOUNT (MATT 5,14) 105
3.4.1 METAPHORICAL USE OF THE MOTIF 107
3.4.2 INTERPRETATION 108
3.4.2.1
OU SUVAXAI KPUPRJVAI
7T6A.U; EJUAVCO OPOUQ JCEINSVQ 109
3.4.3 CONCLUSION 110
3.5 THE PARABLE OF LIGHT AND ITS EFFECTS (MATT 5,15) 111
3.5.1 HEADINGS AND FOUR TYPES OF INTERPRETATION ILL
3.5.2 GENRE, STRUCTURE AND RHETORIC 112
3.5.2.1 POSSIBLE TO FIND A PRE-TEXT? 113
3.5.2.2 IS MATTHEW OR LUKE CLOSEST TO Q? 115
3.5.3 INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE:
METAPHOR, SOCIAL REALITY AND PERSPECTIVE 116
3.5.3.1 LAMP AND LIGHT AS METAPHORS 116
3.5.3.2 LAMP AND LAMP-STAND IN THEIR SOCIO-HISTORICAL SETTING 117
3.5.3.3 THE HOUSE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC REALITY 118
3.5.3.4 THE STUPID VERSUS THE RIGHT ACTION AND THE BEAM OF THE LIGHT...
119
3.5.3.5 POSSIBLE TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS AND THE PERSPECTIVE
OF THE NARRATIVE 119
3.6 MATT 5,13-16 IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PROPOSITIO -
CONCLUDING REMARKS 120
3.6.1 LITOTES AND PLEONASM IN MATT 5,17-20 123
3.6.1.ITHE LITOTES IN MATT 5,19 (EXDX
IOTO
?) 124
3.6.1.2THE PLEONASM IN MATT 5,20 (TTEPIOOEUEIV ... 7TXIOV) 125
3.6.1.2.1 QUALITATIVE (THEOLOGICAL, ESCHATOLOGICAL) MEANING:
A NEW LAW? 126
3.6.1.2.2 QUANTITATIVE(-ETHICAL) MEANING:
A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE LAW? 126
3.6.1.2.3 FINDING THE RAILINGS: AN INTENTIONAL
APPROACH OF A HYPERBOLIC STATEMENT? 127
3.6.1.3 HYPERBOLIC AND PARADOXICAL STATEMENTS
AS KEYS TO MATT 5,19-20 130
3.6.2 THE RHETORIC OF MATT 5,17-20 131
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XI
CHAPTER 4: RHETORIC, PARABLES AND EXAMPLES
IN MATT 5,21-48 132
4.1 THESES AND ANTITHESES 132
4.1.1 CORE AND ADDITIONS:
ADDITIONS AS PARABLES/METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 132
4.1.2 TITLES FOR MATT 5,21-48: ARE THERE ALTERNATIVES TO
ANTITHESES ?... 133
4.1.3 RHETORICAL
FORM AND MEANING OF THESES AND ANTITHESES 134
4.1.4 THE FORM AND CONTENT OF THE THESES 135
4.1.4.1 FIKOUAAXE ON USED FIVE TIMES 135
4.1.4.2 THE PHRASE EPPEOR^ USED
IN ALL SIX CASES 136
4.1.4.3 THE TOIQ APXCUOIQ (USED TWICE) 136
4.1.4.4 THE FORMULA AND THE CONTENT (QUOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS) 137
4.1.4.5 TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS ON THE THESES 138
4.1.5 THE FORM AND CONTENT OF THE SO-CALLED ANTITHESES (CORRECTIO) 139
4.1.5.1. THE
FORM AND CONTENT OF THE CORRECTIONS 141
4.1.6 THE ELABORATION OF THE INAUGURAL SPEECH
IN MATT 5,21(38)-48 AND LUKE 6,27-38 143
4.1.7 THE CHARACTER AND OUTLINE OF LUKE 6,27-36 -
THE HEART OF THE SERMON ON THE PLAIN 145
4.1.8 THE CHARACTER AND OUTLINE OF MATT 5,38-48 - A PART
OF THE ARGUMENTATIO IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 146
4.2 HYPERBOLIC STATEMENT ON RETALIATION (MATT 5,21-22) 149
4.2.1 RHETORIC AND INTERPRETATION OF THESIS AND ANTITHESIS 149
4.2.2 THE THESIS 150
4.2.3 THE ANTITHESIS: A UNIQUE SAYING 151
4.2.3.1 JIA ; O OPYI^ONEVOQ (EIICF|)
T D
ASEXCPQI
AUTOI) 151
4.2.3.2 GUILTY OF CALLING NAMES
(EURN
TCO
&8EA. PCP OMROU
PAICA ... EURN- (XCOPE) 155
4.2.3.3 THE VERDICT (EVOXOQ GATOU RF)
ICPIOEI...
OWESPICP ... YEEWAV): CLIMAX OR ANTICLIMAX? 158
4.2.4 METAPHORICAL VALUE AND THE CHARACTER OF THE ANTITHESIS 159
4.3 THE PARABLE ON FORGIVENESS, MATT 5,23-24 162
4.3.1 TITLES 163
4.3.2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE PRE-TEXT 164
4.3.2.1 GENRE 164
4.3.2.2 OUTLINE AND STYLE 165
4.3.2.3 A PRE-TEXT? 166
4.3.3 HISTORICAL
INTERPRETATION 168
4.3.3.1 LACK OF INFORMATION AND FILLING THE GAP 169
4.3.3.2 THE OFFERING, SCOPOV OOU, AS SACRIFICE 170
4.3.3.3 THE PROCEDURE
(TTPOOTPSPRIQ
TO
8A POV OOU
EJII TO
GUAIAAXRIPIOV) 171
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.3.3.4 OFFERINGS WITH COMPLICATIONS:
IS AN INTERRUPTION POSSIBLE OR IMPOSSIBLE? 173
4.3.3.5 THE BROKEN RELATIONSHIP (E/EI
TI
TCAIA AOV3):
AN UNSOLVED CASE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 173
4.3.3.6 THE TOTAL CHANGE IN ATTITUDE
(FIJRAYE JIPDJIOV SIAXXAYRIGI XCP ASEXCPFI AOU) 174
4.3.3.7 RESUMING THE OFFERING (
TOTE E
XG
&V
NPOGTPEPE
TO
SSPOV AO ...
175
4.3.4 THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF MATT 5,23FF AS PARABLE 176
4.3.4.1 THE RIGHT OFFERING: CULT CRITICISM IN MATT 5,23FF? 177
4.3.4.2 DOES THE PARABLE ILLUSTRATE THE THEME OF RECONCILIATION? 178
4.3.4.3 THE RIGHT ATTITUDE 178
4.3.4.4 PERSPECTIVE, POINT OF VIEW (THE YOU AND THE BROTHER ) 179
4.3.4.5 INTENDED LANGUAGE AND A CONSTRUCTED PARABLE 180
4.4 THE PARABLE ON RECONCILING THE ADVERSARY (MATT 5,25-26) 181
4.4.1 TITLE AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 181
4.4.2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 183
4.4.2.1 GENRE 183
4.4.2.2 OUTLINE AND STYLE 184
4.4.3 Q AS SOURCE?
DOES MATTHEW OR LUKE HAVE A MORE ORIGINAL TEXT? 184
4.4.3.1 THE DIFFERENT CONTEXT IN MATTHEW AND LUKE 185
4.4.3.2 THE APPLICATION 186
4.4.3.3 THE NARRATIVE 186
4.4.4 HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE IMAGERY 188
4.4.4.1 THE CASE AND PROCEDURE 189
4.4.4.2 VERDICT (EIQ CPUXAKRJV PX.T]0R|CRN)
AN(
*
PAYBACK
(&7IOS$Q
TOV
EOXAIOV KOSPAVNYV) ,.190
4.4.5 THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION:
A SINGLE OR MANY TERTIA COMPARATIONIS 192
4.4.5.1 THE FEATURES TIME AND DECISION-MAKING IN MATT 5,25-26 192
4.4.5.2 GOODWILL (EUVOFIV) AS KEY WORD: A NEW START? 192
4.4.5.3 YIELDING OF ONE S CLAIM AND SEEKING RECONCILIATION 194
4.4.5.4 O DVRISIKOQ AS TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS:
IS
AVRISIKOQ
GOD AND NOT THE ADVERSARY? 195
4.4.5.5 IS PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE AND CLEVER FORESIGHT THE POINT? 195
4.4.5.6 TIME AND TIMING AND MORALITY OF EXPEDIENCY 196
4.4.5.7 TO BE JUDGED AND JUDGEMENT AS THE TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS.... 196
4.4.5.8 AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH 197
4.4.6 CONSTRUCTION OF THE PARABLE 198
4.4.6.1 PERSPECTIVES (POINT OF VIEW) AND APPLICATION 199
4.4.6.2 BETWEEN METAPHORS AND ALLEGORY: INTENDED LANGUAGE 199
4.4.7 MATT 5,21-26 - DECOMPOSED AND AS A COMPOSITION 200
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XIII
4.5 PARABLE ON SELF-CONTROL AND TRUE WHOLENESS (MATT 5,29-30) 201
4.5.1 CONTEXT, TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN THE HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION
202
4.5.2 RHETORICAL
ANALYSIS 203
4.5.2.1 OUTLINE 203
4.5.2.2. RHETORICAL TOOLS 205
4.5.3 WHY IS THE TRADITION QUOTED TWICE? 206
4.5.4 SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS ON THE HYPERBOLE
OF DESTROYING EYE AND HAND 208
4.5.4.1 RIGHT EYE AND RIGHT HAND 208
4.5.4.2 THE NOTION GKAVSAXI^EI OE 209
4.5.4.3 DRAMATIC ACTIONS MUST BE TAKEN: MUTILATION? 209
4.5.5 THEOLOGICAL APPLICATION
AND THE INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 210
4.5.5.1 IT IS BETTER FOR YOU (OU^KPEPSI YAP
AOI) 210
4.5.5.2 SOCIO- AND MOTIF-HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE WHOLE BODY -CONCEPT 211
4.5.5.3 THE FINAL DISASTER: TO BE
THROWN INTO HELL 212
4.5.5.4 TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS? 212
4.5.5.5 THE PERSPECTIVE (POINT OF VIEW)
AND INTENDED LANGUAGE AND NOT ALLEGORIES 213
4.5.5.6 THE PARABLE AS PART OF THE ANTITHESIS 214
4.6
MATT 5,34-36.37: RETURN TRUTHFULLY LOYALTY TO GOD 215
4.6.1 TITLES 216
4.6.2 GENRE AND OUTLINE 217
4.6.2.1 THE INCONGRUENCE BETWEEN THESIS AND ANTITHESIS 217
4.6.2.2 THE CASUISTIC ADDITION 218
4.6.2.3 THE PARADOX MATT 5,34-36
(THREE POSSIBLE OBJECTS AND A FOURTH) 222
4.6.2.4 THE PARADOX MATT 5,36B
(TO MAKE BLACK WHITE
- AND NOT VICE VERSA) 223
4.6.2.5 THE PARADOX MATT 5,37: ALTERNATIVE TO OR
REJECTION OF OATHS?.... 224
4.6.2.6 WHAT IS EVIL-DOING OR WHO IS DOING EVIL? 227
4.6.2.7 THE METAPHORICAL SAYINGS AS PART OF THE ANTITHESIS 228
4.6.2.8 TO GIVE BACK AN OATH TO THE LORD IS THE ISSUE 229
4.7 METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE IN MATT 5,38-42 230
4.7.1 TITLES AND TYPES OF INTERPRETATION 232
4.7.2 GENRE AND RHETORICAL OUTLINE 234
4.7.2.1 RHETORIC 235
4.7.3 THE ENIGMA OF THE THESIS AND ANTITHESIS 236
4.7.3.1 THE THESIS 236
4.7.3.2 THE ANTITHESIS 238
4.7.3.2.1
WHAT DOES NR) DVRIOTFJVAI
T
B 7TOVR|P P MEAN? 238
4.7.3.2.2 THE TERM AVGICMINI 239
4.7.3.2.3 THE LOGIC IN MATT 5,38FF AND THE OLD TESTAMENT 241
XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.7.4 MATT 5,38-42: EXAMPLES/HYPERBOLE IN A RHETORICAL CONTEXT 241
4.7.4.1 THE RELATION BETWEEN (
ITJ
AVNAIFJVAI XCO TIOVRJPCB
AND THE EXAMPLES 242
4.7.4.2 CLIMAX OR ANTICLIMAX IN THE EXAMPLES:
HOW ARBITRARY OR PRECISE ARE THE EXAMPLES? 242
4.7.4.3 PERSPECTIVE (POINT OF VIEW) 242
4.7.4.4 MATT 5,39: FIRST EXAMPLE: PERSONAL INSULT OR LEGAL CASE? 243
4.7.4.4.1 THE VIOLENT ACTION 243
4.7.4.4.2 THE SURPRISING REACTION 244
4.7.4.4.3 POSSIBLE AND PROBABLE IMPLICATION 245
4.7.4.5 MATT 5,40: IS THE SECOND EXAMPLE FROM A LEGAL CASE? 245
4.7.4.5.1 THE IMAGERY: LEGAL CASE OR ROBBERY?
CLOTHING AND CONFUSION 246
4.7.4.5.2 GENEROSITY AND NOT HALAKHIC DECISION:
& PEQ AUTTP ICAI
TO
INATIOV 248
4.7.4.6 MATT 5,41: A THIRD EXAMPLE ABOUT ACTIONS
IN AN OCCUPIED COUNTRY 248
4.7.4.6.1 THE PROVOCATION 249
4.7.4.6.2 THE SURPRISING REACTION, INRAYE (
IET
AUROU 8UO 249
4.7.4.7 MATT 5,42: FOURTH/FIFTH EXAMPLE ON GIVING
AND RECEIVING (BENEFACTOR INSTITUTION) 250
4.7.4.7.1 THE IMAGERY IN LIGHT OF JEWISH TEXTS
AND THE BENEFACTOR INSTITUTION 251
4.7.4.7.2 THE TWO IMPERATIVES (8OQ
-
JJLTI
AITOAXPA(PF ;):
ETHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL SAYINGS 253
4.7.5 THE CHARACTER AND MESSAGE OF THE FIFTH ANTITHESIS 254
4.7.5.1 THE THESIS: THE LOGIC OF LEX TALIONIS
AND THE THEME OF RETALIATION 255
4.7.5.2 THE ANTITHESIS: THE LOGIC OF EVIL
AND THE THEME OF RENUNCIATION 255
4.7.5.3 EXAMPLES AS METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 257
4.7.5.3.1 THE FIRST THREE EXAMPLES: INNOCENT,
PATIENT SUFFERING OR ROYAL GENEROSITY 257
4.7.5.3.2 THE LAST EXAMPLES: THE LOGIC OF GENEROSITY 259
4.7.5.3.3 HONOUR AND SHAME IN THE TWO GROUPS OF EXAMPLES 261
4.7.5.4 THE METAPHORICAL SAYINGS AS PART OF THE ANTITHESIS 261
4.7.5.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE TEXT: WHAT THE TEXT DOES NOT SAY 263
4.7.5.6 PREPARING FOR A VIRTUE ETHICS 264
4.8 MAXIM AND EXAMPLE ON GENEROSITY (MATT 5,43-47) 265
4.8.1 TITLE AND MODELS OF INTERPRETATION 266
4.8.2 INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THESIS AND ANTITHESIS 268
4.8.2.1 IS THE STRANGE THESIS A QUOTATION FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT? 268
4.8.2.2 MATT 5,43 AS A GENERAL TOPIC 271
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XV
4.8.2.3 THE ANTITHESIS AND THE ADDITIONS 272
4.8.3 RHETORICAL TOOLS 275
4.8.4 MAXIM ABOUT GOD S SUN AND RAIN (MATT 5,45) 277
4.8.4.1 GOD S SUN AND RAIN 277
4.8.4.2 GOD S SONS AND HIS UNIVERSAL AGENDA 278
4.8.5 EXAMPLE: GREETING PAGANS AND PUBLICANS (MATT 5,46-47) 279
4.8.5.1 TO GIVE
GREETINGS AS METAPHOR 279
4.8.5.2 STEREOTYPES AS COMPARISON
(OUXI
KAI
OI TEXFFLVAI/OUXI
KA
I
OI EOVUCOI) 280
4.8.5.3 THE MORE-THAN PRINCIPLE
(RIVA NIOGOV AND XI NEPIOOOV JTOIETRE;) 282
4.8.5.4. THE MESSAGE
OF THE LAST ANTITHESIS 283
4.9 THE SIX ANTITHESES IN RHETORICAL PERSPECTIVE
AND THEIR THEOLOGICAL IMPACT 284
4.9.1 THE FORM AND CONTENT OF THESES AND ANTITHESES 284
4.9.2 THE THESES AS TOPOI 286
4.9.3 THE ANTITHESIS IN HELLENISTIC RHETORICAL CONTEXT:
TOPOI AND STATUS (VOJIUCAI
ATAAEIQ) 287
4.9.4 THE ANTITHESES AS AN ETHICAL DISCOURSE OR COMMANDMENTS 288
CHAPTER 5: RHETORIC AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE
IN MATT 6,1-18 (
ARGUMENTATIO
II) 291
5.1 THE RHETORIC OF MATT 6,1-18 (ON TRUE REWARD) 291
5.1.1
HEADINGS 292
5.1.2 CONTEXT AND SETTING 293
5.1.3 THE GENRE: ETHICAL ISSUES OR HALAKHIC DECISIONS? 294
5.1.4 OUTLINE - AN ANTITHETICAL STRUCTURE 295
5.1.5 POINT OF VIEW AND TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS 297
5.1.6 RHETORICAL OPPONENTS IN MATT 6,1-18
COMPARED WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 300
5.1.7
ARE OI IWROKPIXAI RHETORICAL FIGURES OR REAL HISTORICAL PERSONS?.... 301
5.1.8 THE SOITEP OI EOVUCOI AND ITS RHETORICAL FUNCTION 303
5.2 THE HYPERBOLICAL AND PARADOXICAL STATEMENTS 304
5.2.1 WHEN
THE TRUMPET SOUNDS: MATT 6,2 AS HYPERBOLIC STATEMENT? 304
5.2.2 LEFT AND RIGHT HAND: A PARADOXICAL STATEMENT (MATT 6,3) 306
5.2.3 OUTDOOR PRAYER-MEETINGS: MATT 6,5 AS HYPERBOLIC STATEMENT 307
5.2.4 MATT 6,6 AS HYPERBOLIC AND PARADOXICAL STATEMENT 308
5.2.5 INVISIBLE? A HYPERBOLIC AND PARADOXICAL STATEMENT IN MATT 6,16...
310
5.2.6 WASH YOUR FACE, PUT OIL ON YOUR HEAD -
A PARADOXICAL STATEMENT? 311
5.3 MATT 6,1-18 AND ITS RHETORICAL CONTEXT 313
XVI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 6: PARABLES IN MATT 6,19-34 (
ARGUMENTATIO
HI) 315
6.1 TITLES AND GENRE 315
6.2 THE RHETORIC OF MATT 6,19-7,12 316
6.2.1 ARGUMENTATION AND OUTLINE 317
6.3 PARABLES AND METAPHORS IN MATT 6,19-24 321
6.3.1 PARABLE ON GATHERING TRUE VALUES (MATT 6,19-21) 322
6.3.1.1 TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 322
6.3.1.2 RHETORIC AND SOURCE CRITICISM 324
6.3.1.2.1 GENRE, OUTLINE AND RHETORICAL FEATURES 324
6.3.1.2.2 SEQUENCE, AUDIENCE, CONTENT AND WORDING
OF THE MAXIM IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT AND IN LUKE 325
6.3.1.3 INTERPRETATION OF THE PARABLE 327
6.3.1.3.1 TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS AND POINT OF VIEW 327
6.3.1.3.2 MOTIF HISTORY OF A CONVENTIONAL METAPHOR 328
6.3.1.3.3 THE THREATS330
6.3.1.3.4 HEAVENLY TREASURES AND THE
RABBINIC CONCEPTION OF REWARD 332
6.3.1.3.5 HEART AND TREASURE: INTERNAL TREASURE? 334
6.3.1.3.6 HONOUR AND PRIDE 335
6.3.1.4 CONCLUSION 336
6.3.2 PARABLE ON TRUE ENLIGHTENING (MATT 6,22-23) 337
6.3.2.1 TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN RECENT RESEARCH 337
6.3.2.2 CONTEXT AND AUDIENCE IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT,
LUKE AND THE GOSPEL OF THOMAS 340
6.3.2.3 DOES THE TEXT IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT
HAVE AN ARAMAIC BACKGROUND? 343
6.3.2.4 GENRE, OUTLINE, RHETORICAL TOOLS - AND THE PERSPECTIVE 344
6.3.2.5 THE RHETORICAL STYLE 346
6.3.2.6 PERSPECTIVE AND SOURCE/TARGET DOMAIN 347
6.3.2.7 THE INTERPRETATION OF MATT 6,22-23 AS PARABLE 348
6.3.2.7.1 MATT 6,22A - A DEFINITION AND A PARABLE 348
6.3.2.7.2 INTROMISSION OR EXTRAMISSION
AND THE HELLENISTIC CONTEXT 349
6.3.2.7.3 THE THEME OF ENLIGHTENING OF THE BODY
AND THE JEWISH CONTEXT 350
6.3.2.7.4 MATT 6,22B-23B: IMAGERY OF A GOOD EYE OR A BAD EYE 351
6.3.2.7.5 THE DISPUTED TERM &7IXX)I ; 352
6.3.2.7.6 THE EVIL EYE (OQ 0AA.N6Q NOVRPOC;)
AS A TERM AND CONCEPT 354
6.3.2.7.7 BODY LANGUAGE ONCE MORE (OXOV
TO
OD
N&
AOU (PCOXEIVOV/OKOTEIVOV ECRRAI) 355
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XVII
6.3.2.7.8 MATT 6,23C/D: POSSIBLE OUTCOME
(EI OIV TO CPFI) ;
TO EV
OOI
CTKOTOC
; ECRRIV) 356
6.3.2.7.9 WHAT DOES THE LIGHT IN YOU (
EV
OOI) MEAN?
AN APPLICATION? 356
6.3.2.7.10 THE
FINAL WARNING: HOW GREAT IS THAT DARKNESS!
(TO CTKOTOI
; 7T6OOV) 357
6.3.2.7.11 CONCLUSION OF THE INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 358
6.3.2.8 INTENDED LANGUAGE AND EXTENDED MEANING 360
6.3.2.9 MATT 6,22-23 AS PART OF MATT 6,19-24 360
6.3.3 HIE PARABLE ON TRUE STEWARDSHIP (MATT 6,24) 361
6.3.3.1 POSSIBLE TITLES 362
6.3.3.2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF MATT 6,24 AND ITS CONTEXT 362
6.3.3.2.1 SOURCE-CRITICAL REMARKS 362
6.3.3.2.2 GENRE AND OUTLINE 364
6.3.3.3 INTERPRETATION OF MATT 6,24 AS PARABLE 365
6.3.3.3.1 MATT 6,24A: FIRST STEP: THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF
HAVING TWO MASTERS 365
6.3.3.3.2 SOCIO-HISTORICAL COMMENTS TO THE IMAGERY
(PATRON/CLIENT, SLAVE AND TWO OR MORE MASTERS) 366
6.3.3.3.3 MATT 6,24B/C: EITHER-OR
(HATE OR LOVE/DESPISE OR BE DEVOTED) 367
6.3.3.3.4 HONOUR AND SHAME AND THE TOPIC OF FRIEND AND FOE 368
6.3.3.3.5 MATT 6,24D: GOD OR MAMMON 369
6.3.3.3.6 CONCLUSION OF THE INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 370
6.3.3.4 ESCHATOLOGICAL MESSAGE OR THEOLOGICAL ETHICS
IN MATT 6,19-24 372
6.3.3.5 THE EXTENDED MEANING OF MATT 6,24 373
6.4 PARABLES IN THE DIATRIBE ON ANXIETY (MATT 6,25-34) 373
6.4.1 POSSIBLE TITLES 375
6.4.2 CONTEXT, SOURCE CRITICISM AND THE TEXTUAL QUESTION 376
6.4.2.1 A COMMON TEXT BEHIND THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT
AND LUKE 12,22FF? 377
6.4.2.2 THE TEXT/TWO
PARABLES IN OTHER EARLY SOURCES 379
6.4.2.3 THE TEXTUAL TRADITION 381
6.4.2.4 DECOMPOSITION OF THE TEXT IS POSSIBLE, BUT IS IT NECESSARY? 383
6.4.3 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 384
6.4.3.1 GENRE 384
6.4.3.2 RHETORICAL OUTLINE 385
6.4.3.3 RHETORICAL FIGURES 387
6.4.3.4 POINT OF VIEW/PERSPECTIVE 388
6.4.4 THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SETTING 389
6.4.4.1 THE PHENOMENON OF WORRYING AND THE KEY WORD NEPINVAV 391
XVNI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.4.5 MAXIM ON SOUL/BODY VERSUS FOOD/CLOTHES (MATT 6,25) 394
6.4.5.1. BODY LANGUAGE AS METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 395
6.4.6 TWO EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING A MAXIM (MATT 6,26.28FF) 396
6.4.6.1 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO PARABLES (ON BIRDS AND PLANTS)... 396
6.4.6.2 THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PARABLES AS PARABLES 397
6.4.7.3 PARABLE ON BIRDS IN THE SKY (MATT 6,26) 398
6.4.7.3.1 MOTIF HISTORY 398
6.4.7.3.2 BIRDS (AND OTHER ANIMALS) AS EXAMPLES 399
6.4.7.3.3 GOD S PROVIDENCE FOR THE BIRDS (AND OTHER CREATURES) 399
6.4.7.3.4 LOOK AT THE BIRDS OF THE AIR , 6(43AI|/AT 400
6.4.7.3.5 THE STORY: THEY DO NOT SOW OR REAP OR
STORE AWAY IN BARNS 401
6.4.7.3.6 CONCLUSION 401
6.4.7.4 PARABLE ON THE PLANTS OF THE FIELDS (MATT 6,28-30) 402
6.4.7.4.1 LILIES OR GRASS OF THE FIELD? 402
6.4.7.4.2 THE GROWING POTENTIAL (KAXA^DBETE ... 7UA Q AU^AVOUCNV)... 403
6.4.7.4.3 THE LACK OF WORK (OU
KOKI&OIV
OU8E VR|0OUOIV) 403
6.4.7.4.4 THEIR BEAUTY: MORE THAN SOLOMON 404
6.4.7.4.5 THE SAD DESTINY AND INTENDED LANGUAGE 405
6.4.7.4.6 THE DOUBLE THEOLOGICAL ARGUMENTATION 406
6.4.7.4.7 CONCLUSION 407
6.4.7.5 PARADOXICAL STATEMENT ON LENGTH (MATT 6,27) 407
6.4.7.5.1 LITERARY FORM 408
6.4.7.5.2 F|XUDA - VA NFJJPJV 409
6.4.7.5.3 TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS AND CONCLUSIONS 411
6.5 THE PARABLES IN MATT 6,25-34 AND THEIR MEANING 412
6.5.1 ESCHATOLOGICAL TREATISE OR WISDOM REFLECTIONS 412
6.5.2 THE FUNCTION OF THE IMPERATIVES 414
6.5.3 THE FUNCTION OF THE PARABLES: OTHERWISE NO COMPARISON 414
6.5.4 THE LEVELS OF ARGUMENTATION FROM A THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 416
6.5.5 KIERKEGAARD ON THE FUNCTION OF THE PARABLES 417
CHAPTER 7: PARABLES ON RECIPROCITY IN MATT 7,1-12
(ARGUMENTATIO
IV) 418
7.1 THE RHETORIC OF MATT 7,1-12 418
7.1.1 A BRIDGE BETWEEN 6,19-34 AND 7,IFF? 419
7.1.2 RHETORICAL OUTLINE IN MATT 7,1-12 420
7.2 MAXIM ON MEASURING (MATT 7,2, IN THE CONTEXT OF 7,1-5) 423
7.2.1 TITLES AND SCHOLARLY APPROACHES 423
7.2.2 SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS AND GLIMPSES OF THE MOTIF HISTORY 425
7.2.3 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS: GENRE, STYLE AND POINT OF VIEW 427
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XIX
7.2.4 THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION 429
7.2.4.1 WHAT DOES KPIVEIV MEAN? 430
7.2.4.2 JUDGING AND MEASURING: A NEW WAY OF THINKING,
NOT A NEW APODICTIC LAW 431
7.3 PARABLE ON HYPOCRITICAL STRINGINESS/PARSIMONY (MATT 7,3-5) 433
7.3.1 TITLE 433
7.3.2
A PECULIAR TRADITION HISTORY 433
7.3.3 GLIMPSES OF THE MOTIF
HISTORY 435
7.3.3.1 THE IMAGERY AND METAPHORS:
SPECK AND LOG, OR SOMETHING ELSE? 436
7.3.4 RHETORICAL
AND THEOLOGICAL INTEIPRETATION 437
7.3.4.1 GENRE AND OUTLINE 437
7.3.4.2 THE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE PARABLE:
PERSPECTIVE AND TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS 438
7.3.4.3 METAPHORS, HYPERBOLES AND POINT OF VIEW 439
7.3.4.4 YOU HYPOCRITE, VMROKPUA! 440
7.3.4.5 THE IMPERATIVES (ETCPATA
NPARCOV ...
TOTE
8IAPX YEIQ) 440
7.3.4.6 EXTENDED MEANING OF JUDGING AND MEASURING 441
7.4 EXAMPLES OF RIDICULOUS WASTEFUL BEHAVIOUR (MATT 7,6) 442
7.4.1
A CRUCIAL QUESTION: WHAT IS THE CONTEXT? 442
7.4.2 TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 444
7.4.3 THE ORIGIN OF THE SAYING 445
7.4.4 RHETORICAL AND THEOLOGICAL
INTERPRETATION OF THE PARABLE 447
7.4.4.1 GENRE 447
7.4.4.2 THE METAPHORS IN THE GRAECO-ROMAN WORLD:
SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS 448
7.4.4.3 WAS MATT 7,6 STANDARD POLEMIC AND A PROVERBIAL SAYING? 450
7.4.4.4 FOUR TYPES OF INTERPRETATION OF MATT 7,6 451
7.4.4.4.1 THE ALLEGORICAL READING: MATT 7,6 AS A
CULTIC RULE IN LIGHT OF THE HOLINESS CODE 451
7.4.4.4.2
ARAMAIC LANGUAGE AS THE KEY TO MATT 7,6 454
7.4.4.4.3 ONE FEATURE/ASPECT IN THE IMAGERY AS
KEY TO THE INTERPRETATION 455
7.4.4.4.4
PERSPECTIVE, SOCIO-HISTORICAL APPROACH
AND A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW 456
7.4.5 MATT 7,6 IN A BROADER THEMATIC CONTEXT OF MATT 7,6-11/12 458
7.4.5.1 GIVING, BENEFACTORS AND THREE KINDS OF
RECIPROCITY IN MATT 7,6-11 459
7.4.5.2 BENEFACTORS AND THE THEME OF GIVING AND RECEIVING 460
7.4.5.3 BENEFACTOR AND THE THREE
TYPES OF RECIPROCITY:
MARCEL MAUSS AND MATT 7,6-12 462
7.4.5.4 RECIPROCITY AND GENEROSITY: SYMMETRIC AND
ASYMMETRIC RELATIONS IN MATT 7,1-12 463
XX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
7.5 MATT 7,7-8 - A HYPERBOLE OR A SAYING ON PRAYER (LIKE LUKE 11)? 464
7.5.1 TITLES AND THEME OF MATT 7,7-11 464
7.5.2 METAPHORICAL MEANING? 466
7.5.3 KNOCKING AND OPENING - SEEKING AND FINDING 467
7.5.4 ASKING/PRAYING AND RECEIVING 468
7.6 PARABLE ON GIVING (MATT 7,9-11) 469
7.6.1 TITLE AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 469
7.6.2 WAYS OF INTEIPRETATION 470
7.6.3 CONTEXT OF THE PARABLE AND THE MEANING OF FJ 472
7.6.4 SOURCE CRITICISM AND SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS 472
7.6.4.1 IS MATTHEW OR LUKE CLOSER TO Q? 473
7.6.4.1.1 THE FRAME AND THE AUDIENCE (MATT 7,9A AND LUKE 11,1
LA)... 473
7.6.4.1.2 THE PARABLE (MATT 7,9B-10 AND LUKE 11,1 LB-12) 474
7.6.4.1.3 THE APPLICATION (MATT 7,11 AND LUKE 11,13) 474
7.6.4.2 SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS ON THE NARRATION 476
7.6.5 INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 477
7.6.5.1 GENRE 477
7.6.5.2 OUTLINE AND RHETORICAL FORMS 478
7.6.5.3 THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PARABLE:
PERSPECTIVE, POINT OF VIEW AND INTENDED LANGUAGE 479
7.6.5.4 INTERPRETATION OF THE NARRATIVE (MATT 7,9B-10) 480
7.6.5.4.1 FOR BREAD A STONE AND FOR FISH A SNAKE? 480
7.6.5.4.2 INTERPRETATION OF THE SIMPLE AND
EXTENDED APPLICATION (MATT 7,11) 481
7.6.5.4.3 IF YOU THEN, BEING EVIL...
(EI OFLV UNEIQ NOVRIPOI 5VREQ) 481
7.6.5.4.4 GOOD GIFTS (S6(IAXA DYAQA) 483
7.6.5.4.5 FROM THE FIRST TO THE SECOND APPLICATION (7IOCKP
|IAXAOV).... 483
7.6.5.4.6 YOUR HEAVENLY FATHER (O TOTTIP I NV O EV XOLQ OUPAVOTQ)....
484
7.6.5.4.7 GIVE GOOD THINGS TO THOSE WHO ASK HIM
(SCBOEI §6|IAXA AYAQA TOIQ AIIOUAIV
AUXOV) 485
7.6.5.5 CONCLUSION 486
7.7 MATT 7,1-12 AS A UNIT AND THE ROLE OF THE GOLDEN RULE
WITHIN 7,1-12 486
7.7.1 THE GOLDEN RULE AS A GENERAL STATEMENT
AND WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF 7,1-12 487
7.7.2 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MANY PARALLELS
AND THE POSITIVE FORM OF THE PARABLE 489
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXI
CHAPTER 8: PARABLES AS
PERORATIO
(MATT 7,13-27) 492
8.1 TITLES 492
8.2 RHETORIC AND SOURCE
CRITICISM IN THE PERORATIO 493
8.2.1 SOURCE-CRITICAL REMARKS: CAN WE RECONSTRUCT
THE ORIGINAL ORDER
AND CONTENT? 495
8.3 THE METAPHORS OF GATES AND WAY/CROSSROAD (MATT 7,13-14) 498
8.3.1 TITLE AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 499
8.3.2 TEXTUAL TRADITION AND SOURCE CRITICISM 499
8.3.3 SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS ON THE METAPHORS OF
GATE AND WAY 501
8.3.3.1 SOCIO- AND MOTIF-HISTORICAL REMARKS ON GATE 501
8.3.3.2 THE GATE
AS METAPHOR 502
8.3.3.3 SOCIO- AND MOTIF-HISTORICAL REMARKS ON WAY 503
8.3.4 THE RHETORIC AND THE INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 506
8.3.4.1 GENRE: WISDOM SAYING OR ALLEGORY 506
8.3.4.2 FORM, OUTLINE, RHETORICAL STYLE 507
8.3.4.3 THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION 507
8.3.4.3.1 THE IMPERATIVE SICEX-BATE (8IA RFJQ AXEVFY;
7NIXR|Q) 507
8.3.4.3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GATES AND WAYS 508
8.3.4.3.3 THE END OF THE ROAD:
ANAYOVAA ELQ TT)V DMCBXEIAV... EIQ
RR|V COR|V 509
8.3.4.3.4 TO ENTER THROUGH AND TO FIND:
OI EIAEPXONEVOI 8I AIMFE ... OI EUPIOKOVREQ AUXF|V 510
8.3.4.3.5 MANY OR FEW: NOMJOI
- OWYOV 510
8.3.4.3.6 CONCLUSIONS: TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS,
PERSPECTIVE, INTENDED AND IMPLICIT MEANING 512
8.3.4.3.7 INTENDED AND IMPLICIT MEANING IN MATT 7,13-14 512
8.4 PARABLE ON SELF-DECEPTION AND SEDUCING OTHERS (MATT 7,15) 513
8.4.1 TITLES 514
8.4.2 THE PARABLE AS ALLEGORY:
POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FALSE PROPHETS 515
8.4.3 THE PARABLE CHARACTER AND ITS INTERPRETATION 517
8.4.3.1 THE WARNING AND PROPHETS IN MATTHEW 517
8.4.3.2 THE HYPERBOLIC AND PARADOXICAL IMAGE 519
8.4.3.2.1 SHEEP ARE THE OPPOSITE OF WOLVES 521
8.4.3.3 CONCLUSION 522
8.5 METAPHORS OF TREE AND FRUIT (MATT 7,16-20) 522
8.5.1 TITLES AND TYPES OF INTERPRETATION 523
8.5.2 RHETORICAL CRITICISM AND SOURCE-CRITICAL REMARKS 524
8.5.2.1 LITERARY CONTEXT 524
8.5.2.2 OUTLINE AND RHETORICAL TOOLS 524
8.5.2.3 CAN THE OLDEST TRADITION BE FOUND? 525
XXN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.5.2.4 THE ORDER AND WORDING 526
8.5.2.5 THE IMAGERY AS SUCH (IMPOSSIBILITY SAYING) 527
8.5.2.6 FRAME AND GOAL 527
8.5.2.7 MATTHEW S ADDITION AND THE POSSIBLE ORIGINAL SOURCE 528
8.5.3 INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 529
8.5.3.1 PERSPECTIVE 529
8.5.3.2 FRUIT: GLIMPSES OF THE HISTORY OF THE MOTIF 530
8.5.3.3 CONVENTIONAL METAPHORS AND TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS 532
8.5.3.4 THE THESIS: KNOWLEDGE/RECOGNITION AS GOAL 533
8.5.3.5 THE IMAGERY AND IMPOSSIBILITIES AS PREMISE 533
8.5.3.6 TREE AND FRUIT 534
8.5.3.7 WHY THORNS, THISTLES, VINE AND FIGS? 535
8.5.3.8 FIRST APPLICATION: NECESSARY EFFECT.
GOOD FRUIT AND DEEDS AS FRUIT ON A TREE 536
8.5.3.9 SECOND APPLICATION:
THE DIMENSION OF HIDDEN EXISTENCE AND JUDGEMENT 538
8.5.3.10 CONCLUSION 538
8.6 PARABLE ON THE LAST JUDGEMENT (MATT 7,22-23) 539
8.6.1 TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARLY INTERPRETATION 539
8.6.2 PREPARING FOR THE INTERPRETATION 541
8.6.2.1 CONTEXT AND SOURCE-CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS 541
8.6.2.2 THE SAYING IN MATT 7,21 541
8.6.2.3 THE PARABLE: HAS MATTHEW OR LUKE THE MOST ORIGINAL TEXT? 541
8.6.3 GENRE, OUTLINE, PERSPECTIVE 543
8.6.3.1 GENRE 543
8.6.3.2 OUTLINE, RHETORIC, PERSPECTIVE (POINT OF VIEW) 544
8.6.4 INTERPRETATION AS PARABLE 545
8.6.4.1 TTIE SCENE ( MANY WILL SAY TO ME ,
NOMXRI EPOUOIV NOT EV
EKEIVTI
IFJ RINEPQO 545
8.6.4.2 THE APOLOGIES: LORD, LORD (LCUPXE KUPIE)
AND IN YOUR NAME (XQ OCB OVONAN) 546
8.6.4.3 THE MIGHTY ACTS 547
8.6.4.4 REFUTATIONS: THEN I WILL TELL THEM PLAINLY
(TOTE
OIIOXXYYFJOO) CURROU;) 547
8.6.4.5 WHAT DOES AVONIA MEAN?
WHO ARE OI EPYC^ONEVOI TF|V AVONIAV? 548
8.6.4.6 THE MOTIF OF DEEDS INSTEAD OF (TOO MANY) WORDS 549
8.7 A HOUSE ON A ROCK ENDURES: THE PARABLE MATT 7,24-27 550
8.7.1 TITLES AND TENDENCIES IN SCHOLARSHIP 551
8.7.2 RHETORIC AND SOURCE ANALYSIS 555
8.7.2.1 GENRE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS: REEVALUATING OLD LABELS 555
8.7.2.2 ONE OR TWO PARABLES?
ANTITHESIS, SYNKRISIS AND OTHER RHETORICAL FORMS 556
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXNI
8.7.3 THE FRAME: SOURCE
CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION 557
8.7.3.1 THE PARABLE AND THE FRAME:
CAN WE CUT THE
PARABLE OUT OF THE FRAME? 558
8.7.3.2 INTERPRETATION OF THE FRAME/INTRODUCTION (7,24.26)
AS A CHALLENGE 560
8.7.3.3 FIRST FRAME: LTAQ OUV OCREU;
ATCOUEI NOU
TOUQ XOYOUI; TOIIXOUQ
KAI
7TOII AUXOUQ? 560
8.7.3.4 HEARING IN JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN CONTEXTS 562
8.7.3.5 SECOND FRAME: AVSPI (PPOVI|ICP VERSUS AVSPI NCOP
(MATT 7,24.26) . . 564
8.7.4 THE PARABLE: SOURCE
CRITICISM AND MOTIF HISTORY 565
8.7.4.1 SOURCE-CRITICISM AND HISTORY OF TRADITION 566
8.7.4.2 IS MATTHEW OR LUKE CLOSER TO Q? 567
8.7.4.3 THE IMAGERY IN ITS CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT 568
8.7.5 INTERPRETATION
OF THE PARABLE (MATT 7,24-25.26-27) 571
8.7.5.1 TLIE FOUR METAPHORS 571
8.7.5.1.1 MOTIF- AND SOCIO-HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON HOUSE-BUILDING (OIICIA, JV3) 571
8.7.5.1.2 THE IMAGE OF THE ROCK (JTSXPA) AND
THE METAPHOR OF A HOUSE ON A ROCK 573
8.7.5.1.3 THE NOTION OF BUILDING (
OMCO
S
O^ECD
, HEBR.
RUA)
575
8.7.5.1.4
FOUNDATION,
0EHE
A.
I6(O/0HE
A.
IO
; ON ROCK OR SAND
(ANNOQ, HEBR. 1957)? 575
8.7.5.1.5 THE THREATS (7,25.27):
THE STORM AS NATURAL EVENTS
AND AS INTENDED LANGUAGE 576
8.7.5.1.6 THE RESULT (7,25.27) IS EVERYTHING 578
8.7.5.2 INTERPRETATION OF MATT 7,24-27 AS PARABLE 578
8.7.5.2.1
APPLICATION AND PARABLE: WHAT ARE THE
TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS AND THE POINT OF VIEW? 578
8.7.5.2.2 STORY-ECONOMY: ADDITIONS AND REPETITIONS.
CONSTRUCTED FOR THE AIMS OF INTERPRETATION 580
8.7.5.2.3 OVERSTATEMENTS 581
8.7.5.2.4 CONCLUSION 581
8.7.5.2.5 THE ARGUMENTATION AS PART OF THE PERORATIO 583
CHAPTER 9: CONCLUDING REMARKS: PARABLES AS A KEY
TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 584
9.1
PRELIMINARY REMARKS: THE SOURCES OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 584
9.1.1 THE GENRE OF Q 585
9.1.2 THE SPEECHES IN THE GOSPEL TRADITION 586
XXIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.1.3 FEW OVERLAPS BETWEEN MARK AND Q:
MARK- AND Q-OVERLAPS IN A NEW LIGHT 588
9.1.4 THOMAS AND THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 589
9.1.5 THE INAUGURAL SPEECH - MORE THAN A HYPOTHESIS 591
9.1.6 CAN MATERIAL OUTSIDE THE SERMON ON THE PLAIN/
SERMON ON THE MOUNT BE PART OF THE INAUGURAL SPEECH? 594
9.1.7 CAN WE RECONSTRUCT A FUNDAMENTAL (INAUGURAL) SPEECH? 596
9.1.8 FINAL OBSERVATIONS ON Q IN LIGHT OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 596
9.2 RHETORICAL ARGUMENTATION IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 598
9.2.1 RHETORICAL GENRE IS DELIBERATIVE, PROTREPTIC SPEECH 598
9.2.2 RHETORICAL OUTLINE AS PROTREPTIC SPEECH 599
9.2.3 RHETORICAL TOOLS: PROOFS, AUTHORITATIVE SAYINGS
AND MUTUAL CONSENT 601
9.2.3.1 LOCI COMMUNES 601
9.2.3.2 THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT AND JUSTIN -
THE RCEPI-DISCUSSIONS IN THE EARLY CHURCH 602
9.2.3.3 THE RHETORICAL FUNCTION OF TROPES 603
9.3 PARABLE AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE AS KEY 605
9.3.1 PARABLES, SIMILES AND METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE 605
9.3.1.1 THE FRAME AND THE PARABLES IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 605
9.3.1.2 INVENTORY IN THE PARABLES AND CONCEPTUAL CONSTRUCTIONS 607
9.3.1.3 TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS
(OPENNESS, POINT OF VIEW, INTENDED LANGUAGE) 608
9.3.1.3.1 THE OPENNESS OF MOST IMAGERY 608
9.3.1.3.2 THE APPLICATION AND THE IMAGERY ARE INTERTWINED 609
9.3.1.3.3 THE INTENDED LANGUAGE OPENS AND
RESTRICTS THE POTENTIAL IN THE IMAGERY 609
9.3.1.3.4 STRUGGLE AGAINST AN ALLEGORICAL FALLACY AND
THE NEW ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION 610
9.3.2 HYPERBOLIC LANGUAGE AND THE REALISM OF THE DEMANDS 610
9.3.2.1 THE PARABLES AND METAPHORICAL SAYINGS 611
9.3.2.2 PARABLES AND THE ARGUMENTATION
IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 611
9.4 RHETORIC AND ETHICAL ARGUMENTATION IN THE WISDOM SAYINGS 612
9.4.1 THE RHETORIC OF AUTHORITATIVE SAYINGS -
THEOLOGICAL STATEMENTS 613
9.4.1.1 THE BEATITUDES AS AUTHORITATIVE SAYINGS 613
9.4.1.2 THE I-SAYINGS 613
9.4.1.3 CORRECTIO 614
9.4.1.4 APODICTIC STATEMENTS 614
9.4.1.5 THEOLOGICAL STATEMENTS 614
9.4.1.6 JUDGEMENT SAYINGS 614
9.4.2 OTHER GENERAL STATEMENTS: 7TAQ/6Q/6OTU;-SENTENCES 615
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XXV
9.4.3 THE RHETORIC OF MUTUAL CONSENT - DELIBERATIVE SPEECH 616
9.4.3.1 CONDITIONAL EL- AND EDV-CLAUSES 616
9.4.3.2 THE CRUMP PET/3IO-SENTENCES 617
9.4.3.3 APHORISMS DEMONSTRATING THE INNER MEANING
AS KEY TO THE UNDERSTANDING 617
9.4.3.4 THE QUESTIONS 617
9.4.3.5 ADMONITIONS AND EXHORTATIONS 618
9.5 RHETORIC OF DECISION-MAKING: THE IMPACT OF
MANY IMPERATIVES IN THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT 619
9.5.1 THE FORMS: FUTURE,
PRESENT AND AORIST IMPERATIVES 619
9.5.2
ADMONITIONS: DOES THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT
PRIMARILY GIVE WARNINGS? 619
9.5.3 POSITIVE EXHORTATIONS: ENCOURAGING ETHICS 623
9.5.3.1 REASONS FOR THE EXHORTATIONS AND ADMONITIONS 624
9.5.3.2 IMPERATIVES AND ETHICAL ARGUMENTATION 625
9.5.4 ETHICAL
NORMS AND THE IMPERATIVES, APHORISMS AND PARABLES 627
9.5.4.1 UNIVERSAL ETHICS FOR WOULD-BE DISCIPLES 627
9.5.4.2 THE NORMS 627
9.5.4.2.1 THE ANTITHESES
AS MORAL STATEMENTS 628
9.5.4.2.2 WISDOM AND PARABLES 630
BIBLIOGRAPHY 631
INDEX OF ANCIENT SOURCES 659
INDEX OF MODERN
AUTHORS 688
INDEX OF SUBJECTS 697
MORE
THAN ONE
THIRD
OF
THE
SERMON ON THE
MOUNT
MUST BE
LABELED AS PARABLES OR METAPHORICAL
LANGUAGE.
ERNST
BAASLAND
ANALYZES THE
PARABLES,
METAPHORICAL
LANGUAGE
AND RHETORIC OF THE
SERMON ON THE
MOUNT
AND SHOWS THAT THESE FEATURES HAVE
GREAT IMPACT ON THE
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
TEXT AND ILLUMINATE
THE
CLASSICAL
PROBLEMS OF
THE
SPEECH
(ITS
RADICALISM,
AUDIENCE,
THE SOURCE PROBLEM,
ETC.)
IN A NEW
WAY.
THE
RHETORICAL
LANGUAGE
AND ARGUMENTATION IS SEEN IN JEWISH AND A BROADER
GRAECO-ROMAN CONTEXT.
PARABLE
RESEARCH
HAS TO A LARGE
DEGREE
IGNORED THE SERMON ON THE
MOUNT
(SM)
- AND RESEARCH OF THE SM HAS
VICE
VERSA
OVERLOOKED THE PARABLES.
THE
FACT THAT MORE THAN ONE
THIRD
OF
THE SERMON ON THE
MOUNT
EMPLOYS
PARABOLIC
LANGUAGE
INFLUENCES INTER-
PRETATION
OF THE TEXT AND AS A RESULT
OPENS
UP A NEW APPROACH.
ERNST
BAASLAND
MAKES
THIS,
ALONG
WITH
THE
SERMON S
RHETORIC,
THE
FOCUS
OF HIS
STUDY IN THIS VOLUME. HE SHOWS THAT
THE
RHETORICAL
FEATURES IMPACT GREATLY
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT
WITH
THE
OVERALL RHETORICAL
STRUCTURE
ILLUMINATING
THE ENTIRE COMPOSITION.
INSIGHTS INTO THE RHETORIC OF THE SM
THEREFORE SERVE TO CHALLENGE THE SOURCE
PROBLEM IN A NEW
WAY.
THE
PARABLES AND RHETORIC OF THE SER-
MON ON THE
MOUNT
CLARIFY ITS RELIGIOUS
AND PHILOSOPHICAL SETTING. THESE
FACTORS,
COUPLED
WITH
AN EXAMINATION
OF
PARALLELS
IN JEWISH AND GRAECO-
ROMAN
LITERATURE,
LEAD TO A BETTER
UNDERSTANDING OF
THIS
CLASSICAL TEXT
AND ITS PHILOSOPHY OF
LIFE
BEING GAINED.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baasland, Ernst 1945- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171962079 |
| author_facet | Baasland, Ernst 1945- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Baasland, Ernst 1945- |
| author_variant | e b eb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042732565 |
| classification_rvk | BC 7220 BC 7550 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)1069267 (OCoLC)915851215 (DE-599)BVBBV042732565 |
| dewey-full | 230 |
| dewey-hundreds | 200 - Religion |
| dewey-ones | 230 - Christianity |
| dewey-raw | 230 |
| dewey-search | 230 |
| dewey-sort | 3230 |
| dewey-tens | 230 - Christianity |
| discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV042732565 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:08:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783161541025 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028163560 |
| oclc_num | 915851215 |
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| physical | XXXI, 703 S. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1509 |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Mohr Siebeck |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament |
| series2 | Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament |
| spelling | Baasland, Ernst 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)171962079 aut Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text Ernst Baasland Tübingen Mohr Siebeck 2015 XXXI, 703 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 351 Bergpredigt (DE-588)4005687-9 gnd rswk-swf Bibel Matthäusevangelium (DE-588)4038001-4 gnd rswk-swf Gleichnis (DE-588)4021234-8 gnd rswk-swf Rhetorik (DE-588)4076704-8 gnd rswk-swf Bildersprache (DE-588)4006619-8 gnd rswk-swf Testamentum novum (DE-2581)TH000003002 gbd Bergpredigt (DE-588)4005687-9 u Bibel Matthäusevangelium (DE-588)4038001-4 u Gleichnis (DE-588)4021234-8 s Bildersprache (DE-588)4006619-8 s Rhetorik (DE-588)4076704-8 s DE-604 Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 351 (DE-604)BV000001220 351 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028163560&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028163560&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Baasland, Ernst 1945- Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Bergpredigt (DE-588)4005687-9 gnd Bibel Matthäusevangelium (DE-588)4038001-4 gnd Gleichnis (DE-588)4021234-8 gnd Rhetorik (DE-588)4076704-8 gnd Bildersprache (DE-588)4006619-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4005687-9 (DE-588)4038001-4 (DE-588)4021234-8 (DE-588)4076704-8 (DE-588)4006619-8 |
| title | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text |
| title_auth | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text |
| title_exact_search | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text |
| title_full | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text Ernst Baasland |
| title_fullStr | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text Ernst Baasland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount new approaches to a classical text Ernst Baasland |
| title_short | Parables and rhetoric in the Sermon on the Mount |
| title_sort | parables and rhetoric in the sermon on the mount new approaches to a classical text |
| title_sub | new approaches to a classical text |
| topic | Bergpredigt (DE-588)4005687-9 gnd Bibel Matthäusevangelium (DE-588)4038001-4 gnd Gleichnis (DE-588)4021234-8 gnd Rhetorik (DE-588)4076704-8 gnd Bildersprache (DE-588)4006619-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bergpredigt Bibel Matthäusevangelium Gleichnis Rhetorik Bildersprache |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028163560&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028163560&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000001220 |
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