High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century: fundamentals, design and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Academic Press
[2016]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 508 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 0124104533 9780124104532 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804174927365931009 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
A
List of contributors ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction to SOFCs 1
K. Kendall
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 SOFC principles 1
1.3 Problems to be resolved 3
1.4 Historical summary 5
1.5 Zirconia sensors for oxygen measurement 6
1.6 Zirconia availability and production 8
1.7 High-quality electrolyte fabrication processes 9
1.8 Anode-supported SOFC materials and reactions 11
1.9 Interconnection for electrically connecting the cells 13
1.10 Cell and stack designs 14
1.11 SOFC reactor systems 16
1.12 Fuel considerations 17
1.13 Competition and combination with heat engines in applications 19
1.14 SOFC publications 21
References 22
2 History 25
K. Kendall
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Before the first solid electrolyte gas cells 25
2.3 From solid electrolyte gas cells to solid oxide fuel cells 27
2.4 First detailed investigations of solid oxide fuel cells 30
2.5 Progress in the 1960s 32
2.6 On the path to practical solid oxide fuel cells 35
2.7 Ceramic processing for high-quality products 37
2.8 Anode support 39
2.9 Better cathodes 41
2.10 Low-temperature operation with new interconnects 42
2.11 Application areas 44
2.12 Summary 45
References 46
vi
Contents
3 Thermodynamics 51
W. Winkler
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 The ideal reversible SOFC 53
3.3 Ohmic losses and voltage dependence on fuel utilisation 60
3.4 Thermodynamic definition of a fuel cell producing electricity
and heat 67
3.5 Thermodynamic theory of hybrid SOFC systems 70
3.6 Design principles of SOFC hybrid systems 78
3.7 Summary 80
References 81
4 Electrolytes 85
J.A. Kilner, J. Druce, T. Ishihara
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Fluorite-structured electrolytes 85
4.3 Perovskite and perovskite-related electrolytes 96
4.4 Alternative-structured electrolyte materials 112
4.5 Summary 120
References 121
5 Anodes 133
M. Cassidy, PA. Connor, J.T.S. Irvine, C.D. Savaniu
5.1 Introduction 133
5.2 Cell performance requirements 134
5.3 Cell lifetime requirements 135
5.4 Catalytic and reforming properties 136
5.5 Anode design and engineering 140
5.6 Conventional nickel-based anodes 142
5.7 Alternative cermet materials 145
5.8 General conclusions 156
References 157
6 Cathodes 161
T. Kawada, T. Horita
6.1 Introduction 161
6.2 Physical and physicochemical properties of perovskite cathode
materials 162
6.3 Chemical stability and compatibility with the cell components 176
6.4 Thermo-chemo-mechanical properties 183
6.5 Summary and further researches 188
References 189
7 Interconnects 195
L. Niewolak, F. Tietz, WJ. Quadakkers
7.1 Introduction 195
Contents
vii
7.2 SOFC environments 195
7.3 Ceramic interconnects 196
7.4 High-temperature alloys for SOFC applications 199
7.5 Growth rates of chromia base surface scales 213
7.6 Degradation in carbon containing anode gases 216
7.7 Dual atmosphere exposures 217
7.8 Specimens thickness dependence of oxidation behaviour 219
7.9 Electronic conductivity of chromia-based scales 221
7.10 Volatile species and protection against chromium evaporation 225
7.11 Interaction between interconnect and anode side contact materials 228
7.12 Interaction of metallic interconnects with sealing materials 230
7.13 Protective coatings and contact materials 231
7.14 Summary 238
References 239
8 Cell and stack design, fabrication and performance 255
V.Q. Minh
8.1 Introduction 255
8.2 Requirements 255
8.3 SOFC single cell 258
8.4 SOFC multi-cell stacks 268
8.5 Summarising remarks 280
References 280
9 System designs and applications 283
N.Q. Minh
9.1 Introduction 283
9.2 Overview of SOFC power systems 283
9.3 Type of SOFC power system 284
9.4 SOFC power system design 289
9.5 Applications of SOFC power systems 296
9.6 Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) systems for hydrogen/
chemical production 319
9.7 Summarising remarks 322
References 323
10 Portable early market SOFCs 329
K. Kendall
10.1 Introduction 329
10.2 Sensor SOFCs 330
10.3 MEMS-based SOFCs 332
10.4 Micro-tubular SOFCs 336
10.5 Benefit of improved ceramic processing for quality ceramics 341
10.6 Benefits of improved power density 343
10.7 Rapid warm-up 345
10.8 International efforts on micro SOFCs 347
viii Contents
10.9 Demonstration projects 349
10.10 Summary 351
References 352
11 Sources of cell and electrode polarisation losses in SOFCs 357
S. B. Adler
11.1 Introduction 357
11.2 Cell losses 359
11.3 Ohmic and gas-phase losses within porous electrodes 363
11.4 Cell losses within a multi-cell stack 364
11.5 Subdivision of local overpotential into specific rate processes 366
11.6 Conclusions and outlook 378
References 379
12 Testing of electrodes, cells and short stacks 383
T. Li, W. Wang
12.1 Introduction 383
12.2 Testing electrodes 384
12.3 Testing single cells and stacks 390
12.4 Area-specific resistance 395
12.5 Testing cells on alternative fuels 399
12.6 Summary 402
References 403
13 Cell, stack and system modelling 407
P. Pianko-Oprych, Z. Jaw or ski, K. Kendall
13.1 Introduction 407
13.2 Basic definitions 411
13.3 Multi-scale modelling 415
13.4 System level modelling 440
13.5 Oscillations in SOFCs running on methane 447
13.6 Summary and future prospect 452
Acknowledgements 452
References 452
14 Fuels and fuel processing in SOFC applications 461
S. Sui, G.H. Xiu
14.1 Introduction 461
14.2 Range of fuels 464
14.3 Fuel reforming principle 468
14.4 Carbon deposition and removal 477
14.5 Impurity tolerance and purification 480
14.6 Application of typical reforming processes for SOFCs 482
14.7 Brief consideration of present technology and future prospect 489
References 490
Index
497
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High-Temperature
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
for the 21st Century
I Fundamentals, Design
and Applications
Edited by:
Kevin Kendall, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, UK
Michaela Kendall, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, UK
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most efficient devices yet invented for conversion
of chemical fuels directly into electrical power. The original edition of this book High-
Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications (SOFCs) was
published in 2003 to celebrate a century of research, development and demonstration of
these devices since Walther Nernst s breakthrough in 1897 when he first showed his new
incandescent lamp based on zirconia formulations. Since the millennium, a number of very
significant advances have been made, illustrating the accelerating pace for advance of SOFC
technology. We believe that this justifies the publication of the present book, summarising
the older results, then emphasising progress made in the last 15 years.
Key Features:
• It is a new edition from the world s foremost authorities on solid oxide fuel cells.
• Extensive coverage of the most relevant issues to fuel cell designers today, including new
materials such as LSCF and ferritic interconnects, prevention of materials degradation for ,
long life, premium applications in portable, transport and stationary areas and improved !
modelling methods. I
• Information from the experts on new advances in solid oxide fuel cells including the
best material combinations, novel cell, stack and system design, modelling innovations
and interesting fuels such as LNG and biomass.
ISBN 978-0-12-410453-2
|
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| classification_rvk | VN 6050 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)951162630 (DE-599)BVBBV042721408 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| format | Book |
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| title | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications |
| title_auth | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications |
| title_exact_search | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications |
| title_full | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications edited by Kevin Kendall and Michaela Kendall |
| title_fullStr | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications edited by Kevin Kendall and Michaela Kendall |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals, design and applications edited by Kevin Kendall and Michaela Kendall |
| title_short | High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century |
| title_sort | high temperature solid oxide fuel cells for the 21st century fundamentals design and applications |
| title_sub | fundamentals, design and applications |
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