Management of cardiovascular disease:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Medical clinics of North America
99,4 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII S., S. 691 - 912 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780323391054 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Management of cardiovascular disease
Autor: Wolbrette, Deborah L
Jahr: 2015
Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Contents
Foreword: Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Edward R. Bollard
XV
Preface
XVII
Deborah L. Wolbrette
Syncope due to Autonomic Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Management
691
Wayne 0. Adkisson and David G. Benditt
Syncope is one of several disorders that cause transient loss of conscious-
ness. Cerebral hypoperfusion is the proximate cause of syncope. Transient
or fixed autonomic nervous system dysfunction is a major contributor in
many causes. A structured approach to the evaluation of syncope allows
for more effective therapy.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and Prevention: Current Guidelines and
Limitations 711
Peter Alagona Jr and Tariq Ali Ahmad
Even after decades of progress in understanding atherosclerotic cardio-
vascular disease (ASCVD) and improved cardiovascular event prevention,
the incidence, consequences and cost of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
remain a significant public health issue. Observational studies have iden-
tified major ASCVD risk factors and lead to the development of a number
of risk assessment systems/scores now in use. However many patients
who will develop clinically important CVD are not identified by current sys-
tems or approaches and significant numbers of recurrent cardiovascular
events continue to occur even after aggressive secondary prevention
treatment strategies are utilized. Some now term this residual risk. The
statin era revolutionized clinical practice with effective outcome-driven
risk reduction. As a result there are now numerous clinical recommenda-
tions or guidelines for ASCVD risk stratification and treatment. Further dis-
ease and event prevention may rely on improved patient-centered risk
stratification using novel biomarkers, imaging techniques, and new treat-
ment approaches including emerging pharmacologic therapies.
2014 Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure (Eighth Joint National
Committee): Take-Home Messages 733
Umar Farooq and Sunita G. Ray
The JNC 8 guidelines focus on 3 highest-ranked clinical questions that
include BP thresholds for starting therapy, specific BP goals, and risks
and benefits of specific antihypertensive drugs. Only randomized
controlled trial data were used and JNC 8 panel did not include observa-
tional studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. The investigators
also suggested that benefit of lowering BP to less than 140/90 is not clear.
xii Contents
Lifestyle modifications were considered very important for all patients with
hypertension. These recommendations are not alternatives for clinical
judgment, and decisions about medical care must be individualized to
each patient.
How to Follow Patients with Mitral and Aortic Valve Disease 739
Blase Carabello
Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) place a hemodynamic load on the left
and/or right ventricle that, if severe, prolonged, and untreated, damages
the myocardium, leading to heart failure and death. Because all VHDs
are mechanical problems, definitive therapy usually requires valve repair
or replacement. In most valve disease the onset of symptoms marks a
change in disease prognosis and is usually an indication for prompt
surgical correction. Echocardiography is an indispensable modality
for assessing lesion severity, its effect on cardiac function, and the
proper timing for lesion correction. Intervention enhanced with percuta-
neous options now allows patients to benefit from mechanical
correction.
New Oral Anticoagulants: Their Role in Stroke Prevention in High-Risk Patients
with Atrial Fibrillation 759
Sunita J. Ferns and Gerald V. Naccarelli
Based on efficacy, safety, and ease of use, novel oral anticoagulants will
likely replace VKAs for many if not most patients with atrial fibrillation. Novel
anticoagulants have a lower rate of intracranial hemorrhage compared with
vitamin K antagonists. The incidence of other life-threatening bleeds is
similar if not lower. Dose adjustments need to be made based on renal
function and advanced age. There is at present a need for an antidote for
these new drugs.
Management of Atrial Fibrillation 781
Talal Moukabary and Mario D. Gonzalez
Atrial fibrillation is a very common clinical problem with a high prevalence
that is expected to rise over time because of increasing risk factors (eg,
age, obesity, hypertension). This high prevalence is also associated with
high cost, because atrial fibrillation represents about 1 % of overall health
care spending. The management of atrial fibrillation involves multiple fac-
ets: (1) management of underlying disease if present and the management
of atrial fibrillation risk factors, (2) prevention of thromboembolism, (3) con-
trol of the ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation, and (4) restoration and
maintenance of normal sinus rhythm.
Indications for Pacemakers, Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator and Cardiac
Resynchronization Devices 795
Soraya M. Samii
Implantable cardiac devices are important management tools for patients
with heart rhythm disorders and heart failure. In this article, the current
implantable cardiac rhythm devices are described in their evolution. The
Contents xiii
current indications and contraindications for these cardiac rhythm devices
are reviewed.
Current Status of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement 805
Kunal Sarkar, Mrinalini Sarkar, and Gian Paolo Ussia
The advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has modified
the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS). Large randomized trials and
multicenter registries have endorsed the efficacy of TAVR in improving out-
comes in patients with severe AS who are inoperable or high surgical risk.
There has been a noticeable shift in using TAVR in patients with AS who are
not at a high surgical risk. Appropriate diagnosis, patient selection, and
referral remain cornerstones to achieving optimal outcomes after TAVR
or SAVR (surgical aortic valve replacement).
Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Department 835
Andrew J. Foy and Lisa Filippone
Chest pain is a common complaint in the emergency department. Recog-
nition of chest pain symptoms and electrocardiographic changes consis-
tent with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can lead to prompt initiation of
goal-directed therapy. Cardiac troponin testing confirms the diagnosis of
acute myocardial infarction, but does not reveal the mechanism of injury.
When patients with chest pain rule out for ACS the use of advanced, nonin-
vasive testing has not been found to be associated with better patient
outcomes.
Cardiac MRI: A General Overview with Emphasis on Current Use and Indications 849
Michael P. Pfeiffer and Robert W.W. Biederman
Cardiac magnetic resonance is well-established as a robust modality of
cardiovascular imaging, providing superior resolution, infinite imaging
planes, and the ability to obtain multiple types of information without
ionizing radiation. Limitations imposed by availability, cost effectiveness,
and safety prevent universal application. Many general and specialty prac-
titioners do not have routine exposure to Cardiac MRI (CMR). Guidelines
for the use of CMR exist, but continue to adapt to advances in techniques
and ongoing research. Understanding the basics of CMR acquisition tech-
niques, categories of appropriate use, and pertinent safety information will
assist with selecting the best clinical scenarios to consider CMR.
Current Management of Heart Failure: When to Refer to Heart Failure Specialist
and When Hospice is the Best Option 863
Behnam Bozorgnia and Paul J. Mather
Heart failure is a common syndrome caused by different abnormalities of
the cardiovascular system that result in impairment of the ventricles in
filling or ejecting blood. It is one of the most common causes of hospital-
ization in the United States, with a very high cost to the health care sys-
tem. This article focuses on the causes of left ventricle dysfunction and
the presentation and management of heart failure, both acute and
chronic.
xiv Contents
Emerging Role of Digital Technology and Remote Monitoring in the Care of
Cardiac Patients 877
Javier E. Banchs and David Lee Scher
Current available mobile health technologies make possible earlier
diagnosis and long-term monitoring of patients with cardiovascular dis-
eases. Remote monitoring of patients with implantable devices and chronic
diseases has resulted in better outcomes reducing health care costs and
hospital admissions. New care models, which shift point of care to the
outpatient setting and the patient s home, necessitate innovations in
technology.
Index
897
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| spelling | Management of cardiovascular disease ed. Deborah L. Wolbrette Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier 2015 XVIII S., S. 691 - 912 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Medical clinics of North America 99,4 Clinics review articles Wolbrette, Deborah L. (DE-588)1074226321 edt Medical clinics of North America 99,4 (DE-604)BV000003310 99,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028144735&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Management of cardiovascular disease Medical clinics of North America |
| title | Management of cardiovascular disease |
| title_auth | Management of cardiovascular disease |
| title_exact_search | Management of cardiovascular disease |
| title_full | Management of cardiovascular disease ed. Deborah L. Wolbrette |
| title_fullStr | Management of cardiovascular disease ed. Deborah L. Wolbrette |
| title_full_unstemmed | Management of cardiovascular disease ed. Deborah L. Wolbrette |
| title_short | Management of cardiovascular disease |
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