Djeca milosrđa: napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zagreb [u.a.]
Hrvatska Akad. Znanosti i Umjetnosti [u.a.]
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Posebna izdanja
Serija: Prilozi povijesti stanovništva Dubrovnika i okolice / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti, Dubrovnik ; 20 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Unwanted maternity, nationalized paterntity : the abandoned children in Dubrovnik from the seventheenth to the nineteenth century |
| Beschreibung: | 450 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789531541381 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1812649061806768128 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
UNWANTED MATERNITY, NATIONALIZED
PATERNITY: THE ABANDONED CHILDREN IN
DUBROVNIK FROM THE SEVENTEENTH TO
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Summary
The book explores Dubrovnik’s version of the European phenomenon
of the child abandonment in the early modem period using a multidisciplinary
approach. The basic sources examined are the accounting records of
Hospitale misericordiae, the Dubrovnik foundling home, kept at the
State Archives in Dubrovnik. Additional sources include parish registers,
Criminal Court records, Council records, testaments and notarial records.
The abandoned children were for centuries the shattering reality of
Dubrovnik. The care for the foundlings in the Republic of Dubrovnik,
in its institutionalized form, dates back to the fifteenth century. It was
organized and consistently enforced by the state according to the provisions
of the legislation voted in 1432 by the Major council.
The employees of the state foundling home, the abbess, the wet nurses,
the servants, the barber-surgeon and the priest looked after the wards in
well-equipped building under the supervision of the members of the
nobility. The Senate, the highest government body, took care of the
appropriate flow of funds. The Dubrovnik foundling home participated
in the local economy as the local artisans and merchants satisfied the
constantly growing demand for clothing, footwear, medicines and various
other necessities. At the same time, the city money paid by foundling
home officials came into the hands of many rural families who raised
wards in their homes.
441
Most of the hospice’s wards were abandoned children, but often children
bom in wedlock were temporarily taken care of. The hospital served as a
foundling home, orphanage, lying in hospital and nursing agency.
Since its establishment the hospice was equipped with the wheel where
children could be placed anonymously and without payment. Many
wards, especially from the distant places, were brought in a non anonymous
manner by women who received a payment for the service. The children
were also abandoned in the vicinity of village churches, parish homes
and other places.
The hospice chaplain was responsible for the baptism of children but
the ceremony could also be performed by others in case of the imminent
danger of death. Through baptism, the foundlings received a name, after
a saint (John and Mary were the most common). Some children were
baptized before their arrival in the hospital as testified by the notes that
accompanied them. After the registration and examination, the wards
were placed with the external wet nurses mostly in the villages. The wet
nurses were supervised and given an incentive allowance for the successful
completion of the three year breastfeeding period. After that period the
children were brought back to the hospital where they remained until
their placement, mostly, in rural families. The relationship between the
wet-nurses or foster family members and the wards varied between
parental feelings and cold business relationship. There are few examples
of poor care. In a case of the death of a ward under suspicious circumstances,
the Senate has strongly reacted by punishing the perpetrator.
The foundling home received an average of 26 wards per year during the
eighteenth century and about fifty a century later. The foundlings died at a
younger age and more often than the children of the same age raised by then-
biological families. However, the mortality rates in the Dubrovnik’s foundling
home were lower than those in the major European orphanages. On average
at least a quarter of wards were adopted or placed in foster families.
The position of a foundling in a foster family varied depending on the
family situation. The child could be treated as a servant or an adoptee,
the true successor of the family name and household. The foundling
adopted as a son or a son-in law could only inherit a household that was
demographically and economically weak. The adult foundlings stayed
442
mostly at the lowest level of the social ladder but their descendants could
ascend. The descendants of the Dubrovnik foundling home wards live
today integrated into the community from which they originated.
The present exploration of the circumstances surrounding the lives of
the abandoned children is a contribution to the study of the population
of the Republic of Dubrovnik from a special angle. The political elite of
a small communal city state established and supervised the care of the
weakest members of the society. The state charity reflects the attitude of
the authorities towards a particularly vulnerable social group. The study
of everyday life of the abandoned children deepens the knowledge of
the Ragusan society of the time, the care, the tolerance or the indifference.
The foundlings’ biographies reveal, in a particular way, a charitable face
of Dubrovnik and its nobility.
443
SADRŽAJ
Predgovor.11
UVOD.13
POTRESNA EUROPSKA STVARNOST: NAPUŠTANJE DJECE.17
“Višak”populacije i neželjeno roditeljstvo.17
Suočavanje s problemom napuštene djece:
nastanak specijaliziranih institucija.20
Nahodišta u nekim zemljama europskog kulturnog kruga.26
DUBROVAČKI HOSPITAL MILOSRĐA. 39
Utemeljenje Hospitala.40
Zgrade za smještaj Hospitala.45
Oprema, održavanje i financiranje.59
Uprava, osoblje i poslovni partneri.76
Poslovne knjige.92
ŽIVOTOPISI IZ POSLOVNIH KNJIGA.103
Štićenici Hospitala milosrđa.103
Obilježja napuštanja djece u Dubrovniku.116
Mjesta i načini napuštanja.119
Postanak “komunskoga djeteta” .127
Nahodska imena i prezimena.138
Životni ciklusi napuštene djece.159
MREŽA DOJILJA.165
Dojilje pripadnika viših slojeva.167
Dojilje u nahodištu.172
Vanjske dojilje.182
Prebivališta dojilja u sustavu dubrovačkoga nahodišta.184
Ugovori o dojenju i hraniteljstvu.189
Odnos uprave i dojilja: nadzor, prijevare, suradnja.202
UDOMITELJI, POSVOJITELJI I POSLODAVCI.213
Ugovori o djeci koja se daju iz nahodišta.213
Dojilje udomiteljice.229
Obrtnici, udomitelji i poslodavci.232
Položaj štićenika u udomiteljskoj obitelji.235
IZMEĐU SKRBI I NASILJA:
POJEDINCI UNUTAR SUSTAVA.239
Nikola (1673-1674) “komunsko dijete ”.239
Slučaj četverostrukog utapljanja.251
Pavo slijepi i ludi. 257
O ŽIVOTU I SMRTI U BROJKAMA.263
Stanovništvo Dubrovnika od 17. do 19. stoljeća.263
Obilježja nahodskepopulacije.276
Kritički pogled na izvore za demografsku povijest nahoda. 284
Priljev štićenika.290
Sezonske varijacije.303
Ukupni broj štićenika.310
Procjena mortaliteta.314
Smrtnost u nahodištu.319
Mortalitet kod dojilja.327
Procjena ukupne smrtnosti nahoda na uzorku
primljenih od 1739. do 1757.330
Uzroci smrti.333
DRŽAVNA SKRB ZA NAPUŠTENU DJECU
I INTEGRACIJA U DRUŠTVO.337
Uloga karitativnih ustanova.338
Rasprave o ukinuću nahodišta.344
Društveni položaj nahoda.350
Ex ignotis parentibus.358
ZAKLJUČAK.365
Vrela.373
Literatura.376
Kazalo imena.399
Kazalo mjesta.423
Kazalo pojmova.430
Summary.441 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kralj-Brassard, Rina 1965- |
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| era | Geschichte 1600-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1600-1900 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Dubrovnik |
| id | DE-604.BV042679102 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-11T20:00:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789531541381 |
| language | Croatian |
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| physical | 450 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
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| publisher | Hrvatska Akad. Znanosti i Umjetnosti [u.a.] |
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| series2 | Posebna izdanja : Serija: Prilozi povijesti stanovništva Dubrovnika i okolice / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti, Dubrovnik |
| spelling | Kralj-Brassard, Rina 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1073618668 aut Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća Rina Kralj-Brassard Zagreb [u.a.] Hrvatska Akad. Znanosti i Umjetnosti [u.a.] 2013 450 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Posebna izdanja : Serija: Prilozi povijesti stanovništva Dubrovnika i okolice / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti, Dubrovnik 20 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Unwanted maternity, nationalized paterntity : the abandoned children in Dubrovnik from the seventheenth to the nineteenth century Geschichte 1600-1900 gnd rswk-swf Findelkind (DE-588)4139279-6 gnd rswk-swf Aussetzung Strafrecht (DE-588)4343351-0 gnd rswk-swf Dubrovnik (DE-588)4013176-2 gnd rswk-swf Dubrovnik (DE-588)4013176-2 g Findelkind (DE-588)4139279-6 s Aussetzung Strafrecht (DE-588)4343351-0 s Geschichte 1600-1900 z DE-604 Posebna izdanja Serija: Prilozi povijesti stanovništva Dubrovnika i okolice / Zavod za Povijesne Znanosti, Dubrovnik ; 20 (DE-604)BV005436459 20 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028110978&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028110978&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kralj-Brassard, Rina 1965- Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća Posebna izdanja Findelkind (DE-588)4139279-6 gnd Aussetzung Strafrecht (DE-588)4343351-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139279-6 (DE-588)4343351-0 (DE-588)4013176-2 |
| title | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća |
| title_auth | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća |
| title_exact_search | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća |
| title_full | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća Rina Kralj-Brassard |
| title_fullStr | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća Rina Kralj-Brassard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Djeca milosrđa napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća Rina Kralj-Brassard |
| title_short | Djeca milosrđa |
| title_sort | djeca milosrda napustena djeca u dubrovniku od 17 do 19 stoljeca |
| title_sub | napuštena djeca u Dubrovniku od 17. do 19. stoljeća |
| topic | Findelkind (DE-588)4139279-6 gnd Aussetzung Strafrecht (DE-588)4343351-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Findelkind Aussetzung Strafrecht Dubrovnik |
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