Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona: macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Poznań
Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje
2015
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Four surnames, two names |
| Beschreibung: | 328 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788364864087 |
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| adam_text | FOUR SURNAMES, TWO NAMES.
MACEDONIAN WAR REFUGEES
IN LOWER SILESIA
Macedonian emigration to Poland is a rather unknown topic. Refu-
gees from the Greek Civil War, who arrived to Poland between 1948-
1950, are primarily associated with ethnic Greeks and it became
common to speak and write about them as such in scientific publica-
tions. Few remember that half of the refugees from Greece were actu-
ally Macedonians - autochthonous Slavic population which from 1913
has accounted for an ethnic, and later national minority in Northern
Greece, that is, in the Aegean Macedonia.
This book, being the fruit of the author s many years of interest in
the theme of Macedonia, Macedonians and their post-war migration
to the Lower Silesia region, is primarily aimed to restore the discourse
of this forgotten, marginalized group; a discourse on scientific, histori-
cal, and remembrance levels. The book takes a closer look at the many
aspects of Macedonian emigration: from national distinction of the
refugees, the specificity of the Macedonian processes of organization,
adaptation and integration, to the modern politics of remembrance as-
sociated with the events of war and exile. The author is at the same
time attempting to present that Macedonians used to be contributors to
the Polish reality - both political (being subject to strict surveillance of
security services in the 50 s of the 20th century) and social one (a certain
understanding with the Poles was possible owing to the similarity of
languages and a sense of Slavic community).
A large part in the adaptive and integrative processes for refugees
was played by Lower Silesia. After the war, the region - often referred to
as the Polish wild west - became the site of Macedonians first con-
tact with the Poles, who also treated this forced new homeland with
a lot of reservation. A certain symbol of the feeling of temporariness
shared by all new residents of Lower Silesia were the keys from their
abandoned houses, and suitcases that have remained unpacked up to
the 60 s of the 20th century.
Summary
313
The many perspectives on the issue of the Macedonian emigration
in Poland presented in this book are, among others, the result of a vari-
ety of sources used by the author in its analysis, interpretation and de-
scription. The primary research material are almost 40 oral histories of
Macedonian refugees met in selected Polish cities and in the Republic
of Macedonia; most of these people were children at the time of emigra-
tion. Complementing the oral stories are archive materials currently
available at the State Archives in Szczecin and Wroclaw, the Archives of
Modern Records, IPN Archives as well as in the State Archive of the Re-
public of Macedonia, and, above all, all types of documents, statements
and reports created during the refugees arrival and stay in Poland.
The book consists of three parts.
In the first part, the author presents the historical context necessary
for later analysis of the Macedonians living in Poland, with a focus on
the issue of Aegean Macedonia ֊ the homeland of the refugees - which
is rather unknown to Polish readers,· another focus is on the participa-
tion of Macedonians in the Greek civil war, during which the minority
became a bargaining chip in both international affairs and internal af-
fairs within the Communist Party of Greece. In the following chapters
֊ regarding other centers for refugees from Greece in the countries of
Central and Eastern Europe, as well as their arrival and the organization
of their stay in Lower Silesia ֊ the author treats the refugees mainly as
a collective, since from a formal point of view, in Poland Macedonians
and Greeks were perceived as one group which received equal protec-
tion, medical care, housing opportunities, access to education and, in
the case of adults, access to work.
It is only in the second part of the book that the author separates
the Macedonian narrative from the Greek ones, trying to find the key
to understanding the specifics of the Macedonian emigration in Po-
land. This key is primarily the Macedonians feature of being a mi-
nority within a minority ; it began already in Greece and was simply
transferred to Poland. Macedonians have been constantly preserved in
the state of double dependencies: from the Greeks, who were their im-
mediate supervisors in exile, and from the Poles in emigration. This
peculiar triangle of interrelationships (Macedonians - Greeks - Poles)
serve as the analysis schema for both the Macedonian question in Po-
land (which the author understands as the attitude of Poles and Greeks
towards Macedonian aspirations for national liberation and towards
their recognition or denial of recognition as a separate nation), as well
314
Summary
as the Macedonian attempts to organize their lives and integrate in
the Lower Silesia region - both internally (with the Greeks) and exter-
nally (with the Poles). This dual relationship is reflected in...names.
The surnames of Aegean Macedonians traditionally ending in -ovwere
amended to Greek ones before the civil war and function in such form
in official Greek documents; in the end ֊ after the Poles acknowledged
the separateness of Macedonian national identity - the surnames were
amended in line with the standards of the Yugoslav People s Republic
of Macedonia, taking on the ending -ski.
The last chapter of this part talks about Macedonians leaving Po-
land - either permanently (for Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Greece), or
temporarily: to visit their birthplaces in Greece or to meet up with their
long-separated families, living mostly in Yugoslavia. The issue of these
travels complements the answer to the question of the specificity of
Macedonian stories in the Lower Silesia region. By the end of the 60 s of
the 20th century, the majority of Macedonians decided to continue the
migration, which resulted primarily in their removal from the social,
cultural and historical landscape of Lower Silesia, and secondarily, ap-
propriating the memories of the refugees by ethnic Greeks. Temporary
departures, despite the constant nostalgia and longing for compatriots,
allowed them - paradoxically - to drop the idea of returning to Greece
or move to Yugoslavia; they also vindicated the cultural differences be-
tween Poland and the Balkans, as well as the passage of time, which
worked for the benefit of the years spent in Poland. Another result of
those travels is the creation of a transnational community of Aegean
Macedonians, which forms the current basis of their identification.
The third part of this book focuses again on remembrance - both
autobiographical and collective. In the case of autobiographical remem-
brance, the author expresses certain criticism for post factum sources,
as the analysis of fragments of Macedonian relations constitutes a large
part of earlier chapters. However, it is also a contribution to the discus-
sion of collective remembrance, with which the individual memory re-
mains in permanent dialogue. In the case of the Aegean Macedonians,
collective remembrance ֊ and the associated remembrance policy - seal
their earlier fates, and constitute the basis of their current self-depic-
tion as eternal refugees who are unable to return to their homeland.
Tłum. Ewa Pater
Spis treści
wstęp ............................................. u
CZĘŚĆ PIERWSZA
Zacznijmy od momentu....
ROZDZIAŁ I
MACEDOŃCZYCY EGEJSCY I ICH UDZIAŁ W GRECKIEJ
WOJNIE DOMOWEJ.....................................21
1. Macedonia i Macedończycy........................22
2. Macedonia Egejska i Macedończycy Egejscy .......26
3. Macedończycy w greckiej wojnie domowej .........31
Sytuacja zewnętrzna.............................32
Wewnętrzny czynnik macedoński...................34
Macedończycy w walce ...........................38
4. Konsekwencje wojny..............................42
Wysiedlenie dzieci jako osobny fenomen migracji.43
Kierunki migracji i liczebność uchodźców .......49
ROZDZIAŁ II
KIERUNKI MIGRACJI MACEDOŃCZYKÓW -
CHARAKTERYSTYKA OŚRODKÓW POBYTU
MACEDOŃCZYKÓW W KRAJACH EUROPY ŚRODKOWO-
-WSCHODNIEJ........................................52
1. Dziecięce miejsca emigracji.....................53
Jugosławia......................................57
Albania ........................................58
Rumunia.........................................60
Bułgaria .......................................63
Węgry i Czechosłowacja..........................64
ZSRR i NRD .....................................65
2. Miejsca emigracji dorosłych.....................65
Albania i ZSRR..................................66
Pozostałe İcraj e bloku wschodniego ............67
Jugosławia......................................68
6
Spis treści
ROZDZIAŁ III
MACEDOŃSCY UCHODŹCY W POLSCE
I NA DOLNYM ŚLĄSKU .......................................... 71
1. Przybycie do Polski i na Dolny Śląsk...................... 71
Fale migracyjne........................................... 72
Dolnośląskie uzdrowiska................................... 75
Kwarantanna .............................................. 76
2. Organizacja ośrodków...................................... 78
Lądek-Zdrój............................................... 78
Solice (Szczawno)-Zdrój................................... 83
Duszniki-Zdrój i Międzygórze ............................. 85
3. Zgorzelec stolicą uchodźców .............................. 86
Państwowy Ośrodek Wychowawczy i placówki dla dorosłych 8 7
Metody wychowawcze w POW.................................. 90
4. Pozostałe ośrodki wychowawcze, szkoły i zakłady pracy .... 93
CZĘŚĆ DRUGA
Ja mam 5 nazwisk, 4 daty urodzenia, 2 imiona
ROZDZIAŁ IV
„KWESTIA MACEDOŃSKA W POLSCE ............................... 99
1. Tożsamość narodowa a pojęcie ojczyzny ................... 100
2. Polityka PZPR i KPG względem Macedończyków............... 106
Polityka PZPR względem Macedończyków 1948-1956 .... 109
Polityka KPG względem Macedończyków 1948-1956 ........... 115
Po odwilży Zmiany w stosunku do Macedończyków............ 119
3. Polacy - odkrywanie i dostrzeżenie macedońskiej tożsamości 123
Przewrót w Lądku -Zdroju - początki ..................... 123
Macedońskie szkolnictwo.................................. 128
Macedońskie podręczniki.................................. 130
ROZDZIAŁ V
ORGANIZOWANIE SIĘ MACEDOŃCZYKÓW
NA DOLNYM ŚLĄSKU - PRYWATNE I INSTYTUCJONALNE
SIECI POWIĄZAŃ ............................................. 136
1. Powstanie i działalność Związku Uchodźców Politycznych
z Grecji w Polsce im. Nikosa Belojannisa................. 138
Spis treści
7
2. Wrocławski dziennik „Dimokratis („Demokrata ) ........... 142
Macedoński zespół redakcyjny............................... 143
Recepcja „Dimokratisa wśród Macedończyków................. 146
3. Macedońska organizacja „ILINDEN ......................... 149
Prawdziwy charakter i rozwiązanie organizacji „ILINDEN . . 153
Organizacja „ILINDEN w Polsce ............................ 157
4. Nielegalne Organizacje Macedończyków na Dolnym Śląsku . 163
Organizacje powstające do 1956 roku........................ 163
Nadzieje na samodzielność - tajna macedońska organizacja E3 168
5. Towarzystwo Macedończyków w Polsce........................ 174
6. Nieformalne spotkania Macedończyków na Dolnym Śląsku . . 182
ROZDZIAŁ VI
INTEGRACJA MACEDOŃSKICH UCHODŹCÓW
NA DOLNYM ŚLĄSKU - STOSUNKI Z LUDNOŚCIĄ POLSKĄ
I UCHODŹCAMI ETNICZNIE GRECKIMI....................... 186
L Etapy...................................................... 189
Brak możliwości wyboru i nieznajomość miejsca osiedlenia . . 193
Czynniki ułatwiające i utrudniające integrację ֊ specyfika
macedońska................................................. 196
2. Dolny Śląsk............................................... 198
3. Początki ..................................................205
Obraz Greka ................................................205
Obraz Polaków i Polski .....................................207
4. Integracja zinstytucjonalizowana...........................209
Grecy ......................................................209
Polacy .................................................... 211
Język.......................................................214
5. Integracja wewnętrzna uchodźców z Grecji: Macedończycy
i Grecy.....................................................218
Integracj a dzieci .........................................219
Integracja dorosłych........................................228
6. Integracja i adaptacja zewnętrzna: Macedończycy i Polacy . . 225
Wychowawcy i nauczyciele....................................225
Rówieśnicy .................................................281
Gmpy sąsiedzkie, koleżeńskie i przyjacielskie...............235
8
Spis treści
7. Pełna integracja macedońsko-polska.................239
Przyczyny pozostania w Polsce.......................239
Polskie obywatelstwo - „Jestem Polakiem ...........241
ROZDZIAŁ VII
WYJAZDY...............................................245
1. Wyjazdy na stałe ..................................247
Do Bułgarii ........................................250
Do Ludowej Republiki Macedonii......................253
Konsekwencje wyjazdów dla macedońskiej wspólnoty na Dol-
nym Śląsku..........................................261
2. Wyjazdy czasowe do Grecji i Macedonii..............263
Wizyta w rodzinnej miejscowości ֊ „pożegnanie z ojczyzną 263
Odwiedziny w Macedonii..............................271
3. Transnarodowa wspólnota macedońskich uchodźców .... 275
CZĘŚĆ TRZECIA
Nagadaliśmy się...
ROZDZIAŁ VIII
WSPÓLNA KODA - JESZCZE RAZ O PAMIĘCI..................287
1. Gdy autor jest głównym bohaterem - pamięć autobiograficzna 289
2. Pamięć pewnego pokolenia ..........................300
3. Pamięć uwikłana w konflikt - perspektywa zbiorowa .302
PODZIĘKOWANIA ZAMIAST ZAKOŃCZENIA ................... 311
FOUR SURNAMES, TWO NAMES. MACEDONIAN WAR
REFUGEES IN LOWER SILESIA ............................312
SPIS ILUSTRACJI I MAP.................................315
BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................ 317
|
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kurpiel, Anna Verfasser aut Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku Anna Kurpiel Poznań Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje 2015 328 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Four surnames, two names Mazedonier (DE-588)4276786-6 gnd rswk-swf Flüchtling (DE-588)4017604-6 gnd rswk-swf Niederschlesien (DE-588)4042237-9 gnd rswk-swf Niederschlesien (DE-588)4042237-9 g Mazedonier (DE-588)4276786-6 s Flüchtling (DE-588)4017604-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028096354&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028096354&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kurpiel, Anna Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku Mazedonier (DE-588)4276786-6 gnd Flüchtling (DE-588)4017604-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4276786-6 (DE-588)4017604-6 (DE-588)4042237-9 |
| title | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku |
| title_auth | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku |
| title_exact_search | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku |
| title_full | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku Anna Kurpiel |
| title_fullStr | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku Anna Kurpiel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku Anna Kurpiel |
| title_short | Cztery nazwiska, dwa imiona |
| title_sort | cztery nazwiska dwa imiona macedonscy uchodzcy wojenni na dolnym slasku |
| title_sub | macedońscy uchodźcy wojenni na Dolnym Śląsku |
| topic | Mazedonier (DE-588)4276786-6 gnd Flüchtling (DE-588)4017604-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mazedonier Flüchtling Niederschlesien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028096354&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028096354&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kurpielanna czterynazwiskadwaimionamacedonscyuchodzcywojenninadolnymslasku |